Keywords:
Environmental engineering.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Carbonate sediments are increasingly relevant in archiving past environmental conditions, and in geothermal energy and hydrocarbon reservoirs. This book closes some gaps in our understanding of their interplay with physical, chemical, and biological factors.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (239 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789048193646
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=603108
DDC:
551
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Carbonate Depositional Systems: Assessing Dimensions and Controlling Parameters -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Parameters Controlling Modern Carbonate Depositional Environments: Approach -- References -- Chapter 2: Controlling Parameters on Facies Geometries of the Bahamas, an Isolated Carbonate Platform Environment -- 2.1 Introduction and Research History -- 2.1.1 Morphology -- 2.1.2 Origin and Tectonic Setting -- 2.2 Physical Parameters -- 2.2.1 Climate -- 2.2.2 Prevailing Currents -- 2.2.3 Wind Energy -- 2.2.4 Wave Energy -- 2.2.5 Tides and Tidal Currents -- 2.2.6 Energy, Water Depth, and Distance from Platform Edge -- 2.2.7 Sea-Surface Temperatures -- 2.2.8 Light and Radiation -- 2.3 Chemical Parameters -- 2.3.1 Water Chemistry -- 2.3.2 Inorganic Precipitation and Whitings -- 2.4 Fauna and Flora -- 2.4.1 Hermatypic Corals -- 2.4.2 Red Algae -- 2.4.3 Green Algae -- 2.4.4 Foraminifers -- 2.4.5 Sponges -- 2.4.6 Molluscs and Echinoderms -- 2.4.7 Microbial Mats -- 2.4.8 Bioerosion -- 2.5 Geometries of Facies Belts -- 2.5.1 Controls on Facies Geometries -- 2.5.1.1 Antecedent Topography -- 2.5.1.2 Energy Flux -- 2.5.1.3 Holocene Rise in Sea-level -- 2.5.2 Facies Geometries -- 2.5.2.1 Islands -- 2.5.2.2 Sand Bodies -- Marine Sand Belts -- Tidal Bar Belts -- Eolian Ridges -- Platform-Interior Sand Blankets -- Tidal Deltas -- 2.5.2.3 Muddy Environments -- 2.5.2.4 Tidal Flats -- 2.5.2.5 Coralgal Reefs -- 2.5.2.6 Adjacent Slopes -- 2.5.2.7 Deep-Water Environment -- 2.5.3 Sea-Level Fluctuations -- 2.5.3.1 Lag Time -- 2.5.3.2 Unfilled Accommodation Space -- 2.5.3.3 Stratigraphic Evolution -- References -- Chapter 3: Belize: A Modern Example of a Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Shelf -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geography, Climate, and Oceanographic Setting -- 3.2.1 Climate -- 3.2.2 Air and Water Temperature -- 3.2.3 Wind -- 3.2.4 Wave Energy.
,
3.2.5 Tides and Currents -- 3.3 Chemical Parameters -- 3.3.1 Salinity -- 3.3.2 Aragonite-Calcite Saturation -- 3.3.3 Holocene Dolomitization -- 3.4 Fauna and Flora -- 3.4.1 Corals -- 3.4.1.1 Coastal Reefs -- 3.4.1.2 Lagoon Patch Reefs -- 3.4.1.3 Barrier Reef -- 3.4.1.4 Northern Lagoon Foraminiferal Facies -- 3.5 Belize Shelf Facies Organization -- 3.5.1 Shelf Sediments -- 3.5.2 Barrier Reef -- 3.5.3 Offshore Atolls -- 3.5.4 Lagoon Reefs -- 3.5.5 Forereef Slope -- 3.5.6 Backreef Sand -- 3.5.7 Lagoon -- 3.5.8 Islands -- 3.6 Structural and Sedimentological Controls on Facies Distribution -- 3.6.1 Tectonics -- 3.6.2 Precursor Topography -- 3.7 Stratigraphic Evolution: Holocene Deposits -- 3.7.1 Accumulation Rates -- 3.7.2 Sea-Level History -- 3.8 Summary of the Belize Shelf Overview -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: The Gulf: Facies Belts, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters of Sedimentation on a Carbonate Ramp -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sedimentary and Tectonic Setting -- 4.2.1 Overview of Ramp Sediments -- 4.2.2 Bathymetric Topography -- 4.3 Physical Parameters -- 4.3.1 Climate -- 4.3.2 Wind -- 4.3.3 Wave Energy -- 4.3.4 Tides: Interactions with the Sedimentary System -- 4.3.5 Currents and their Sedimentological Significance -- 4.3.6 Temperature -- 4.3.7 Light Penetration -- 4.4 Chemical Factors Influencing Carbonate Sedimentation -- 4.4.1 Salinity -- 4.4.2 Oxygen and Nutrients -- 4.4.3 The Carbonate System -- 4.4.3.1 Aragonitic, Supratidal Encrustations -- 4.4.3.2 Synsedimentary Submarine Lithification -- 4.5 Geometries of Facies Belts -- 4.5.1 Northern Gulf: Overview -- 4.5.2 Southern Gulf: Overview -- 4.5.3 Tidal Flats and Sabkhas -- 4.5.4 Sand Bodies -- 4.5.5 Lagoons -- 4.5.6 Islands -- 4.6 Controls of Structure and Antecedent Topography on Facies Distribution -- 4.7 Biotic Carbonate Sedimentation -- 4.7.1 Corals.
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4.7.1.1 Substratum for Coral Growth -- 4.7.1.2 The Distribution of Corals in The Gulf -- 4.7.1.3 Types of Frameworks -- 4.7.2 Foraminifera -- 4.7.3 Mollusca -- 4.7.4 Echinoderms -- 4.7.5 Plants -- 4.7.5.1 Calcareous Algae -- 4.7.5.2 Other Green and Brown Algae -- 4.7.5.3 Blue-Green Algae -- 4.7.5.4 Seagrass -- 4.7.5.5 Mangrove -- 4.8 Regional Comparison of Biogenic Carbonate Sedimentation -- 4.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Summary: The Depositional Systems of the Bahamas, Belize Lagoon and The Gulf Compared -- 5.1 Modern Analogues as Key to the Past -- 5.2 Setting and Geometries -- 5.2.1 Tectonic Setting -- 5.2.2 Geometries and Facies Relationships -- 5.3 Controls on Sediment Distribution -- 5.3.1 Climate -- 5.3.2 Wind -- 5.3.3 Tides, Currents, and Waves -- 5.3.4 Light -- 5.3.5 Sea Water Chemistry -- 5.4 Outlook -- 5.4.1 The Effect of Biologic Evolution and Other Changes with Time -- 5.4.2 Extratropical Realm and Deep-Water -- 5.4.3 Effect of Observation Time -- References -- Index.
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