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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemische und thermische Erzeugung von Thiocarbonylyliden aus 2,5-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazolenIn vorläufiger Form von G. Mloston präsentiert auf dem 16. Internat. Symposium über die Organische Chemie des Schwefels, Merseburg, 10.-15. Juli 1994, Abstract Book, p. 2.46. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 2527-2530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Matrix isolation ; Photochemistry ; Flash pyrolysis ; Ylides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical and Thermal Generation of Thiocarbonyl Ylides from 2,5-Dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles[*]Thermolysis of thiadiazolines 2a-c yields the corresponding thiiranes 5a-c exclusively. In contrast matrix photolysis in an organic glass at 77 K or in solid Ar at 10 K allows the detection of the thiocarbonyl ylides 3a-c, which are characterized by intense UV maxima at λ ≈ 350 nm. The thiocarbonyl ylides are formed in a stepwise manner and not directly from the thiadiazolines by a simple elimination of N2. In the first step a fragmentation into the thioketones 6a-c and diazomethane occurs, followed by the generation of methylene (8) from diazomethane (7). Addition of methylene to the thioketones 6a-c finally leads to the ylides 3a-c.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19941271226
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blausäure-N-methylid: Darstellung, spektroskopische Eigenschaften und seine Beziehung zu anderen C2H3N-IsomerenHerrn Prof. Hans Bock zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 2337-2352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Matrix isolation ; Calculations, ab initio ; Flash pyrolysis ; Photochemistry ; Hydrogen cyanide N-methylide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogen Cyanide N-Methylide: Preparation, Spectroscopic Identification, and Its Relationship to Other C2H3N IsomersWith the intention of isolating 1H-azirene (8) we studied several precursors which should offer an entry into the C2H3N potential energy hypersurface. It was found that in addition to the known isomers 1, 2, 3, and 6 hydrogen cyanide N-methylide (5)  -  and probably aminoacetylene (4)  -  can be detected in an argon matrix at 10 K. No spectroscopic evidence for the formation of 1H-azirene (8) was found. In other words, the first six members 1 - 6 are now all identified. The elucidation of the structure of the new C2H3N species is based on the comparison of the observed IR spectra with those calculated by ab initio methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19931261024
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Survivorship of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Keywords: Aquarium number; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM; pH; Species; Survival; Temperature, water; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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  • 4
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    Combined effects of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schmidt, Christiane; Kucera, Michal; Uthicke, Sven (2014): Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa. Coral Reefs, 33(3), 805-818, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1151-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Warming and changes in ocean carbonate chemistry alter marine coastal ecosystems at an accelerating pace. The interaction between these stressors has been the subject of recent studies on reef organisms such as corals, bryozoa, molluscs, and crustose coralline algae. Here we investigated the combined effects of elevated sea surface temperatures and pCO2 on two species of photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera: Heterostegina depressa (hosting diatoms) and Marginopora vertebralis (hosting dinoflagellates). The effects of single and combined stressors were studied by monitoring survivorship, growth, and physiological parameters, such as respiration, photochemistry (pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and oxygen production), and chl a content. Specimens were exposed in flow-through aquaria for up to seven weeks to combinations of two pCO2 (~790 and ~490 µatm) and two temperature (28 and 31 °C) regimes. Elevated temperature had negative effects on the physiology of both species. Elevated pCO2 had negative effects on growth and apparent photosynthetic rate in H.depressa but a positive effect on effective quantum yield. With increasing pCO2, chl a content decreased in H. depressa and increased in M. vertebralis. The strongest stress responses were observed when the two stressors acted in combination. An interaction term was statistically significant in half of the measured parameters. Further exploration revealed that 75 % of these cases showed a synergistic (= larger than additive) interaction between the two stressors. These results indicate that negative physiological effects on photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera are likely to be stronger under simultaneous acidification and temperature rise than what would be expected from the effect of each of the stressors individually.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 5
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    Experimental data on photophysiology and growth rates of Pararotalia calcariformata (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schmidt, Christiane; Morard, Raphael; Almogi-Labin, Ahuva; Weinmann, A E; Titelboim, Danna; Abramovich, Sigal; Kucera, Michal (2015): Recent Invasion of the Symbiont-Bearing Foraminifera Pararotalia into the Eastern Mediterranean Facilitated by the Ongoing Warming Trend. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0132917, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132917
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: The eastern Mediterranean is a hotspot of biological invasions. Numerous species of Indo-pacific origin have colonized the Mediterranean in recent times, including tropical symbiont-bearing foraminifera. Among these is the species Pararotalia calcariformata. Unlike other invasive foraminifera, this species has been discovered only two decades ago and is restricted to the eastern Mediterranean coast. Combining ecological, genetic and physiological observations, we attempt to explain the recent invasion of this species in the Mediterranean Sea. Using morphological and genetic data, we confirm the species attribution to P. calcariformata McCulloch 1977 and identify its symbionts as a consortium of diatom species dominated by Minutocellus polymorphus. We document photosynthetic activity of its endosymbionts using Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometry and test the effects of elevated temperatures on growth rates of asexual offspring. The culturing of asexual offspring for 120 days shows a 30-day period of rapid growth followed by a period of slower growth. A subsequent 48-day temperature sensitivity experiment indicates a similar developmental pathway and high growth rate at 28°C, whereas an almost complete inhibition of growth was observed at 20°C and 35°C. This indicates that the offspring of this species may have lower tolerance to cold temperatures than what would be expected for species native to the Mediterranean. We expand this hypothesis by applying a Species Distribution Model (SDM) based on modern occurrences in the Mediterranean using three environmental variables: irradiance, turbidity and yearly minimum temperature. The model reproduces the observed restricted distribution and indicates that the range of the species will drastically expand westwards under future global change scenarios. We conclude that P. calcariformata established a population in the Levant because of the recent warming in the region. In line with observations from other groups of organisms, our results indicate that continued warming of the eastern Mediterranean will facilitate the invasion of more tropical marine taxa into the Mediterranean, disturbing local biodiversity and ecosystem structure.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 6
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    Experimental data on photophysiology and growth rates of the invasive foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera showing high thermal tolerance from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Gulf of Aqaba (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schmidt, Christiane; Morard, Raphael; Prazeres, Martina; Barak, H; Kucera, Michal (2016): Retention of high thermal tolerance in the invasive foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Biology, 163(11), 163:228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2998-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Invasive species allow an investigation of trait retention and adaptations after exposure to new habitats. Recent work on corals from the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) shows that tolerance to high temperature persists thousands of years after invasion, without any apparent adaptive advantage. Here we test whether thermal tolerance retention also occurs in another symbiont-bearing calcifying organism. To this end, we investigate the thermal tolerance of the benthic foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera from the GoA (29° 30.14167 N 34° 55.085 E) and compare it to a recent "Lessepsian invader population" from the Eastern Mediterranean (EaM) (32° 37.386 N, 34°55.169 E). We first established that the studied populations are genetically homogenous but distinct from a population in Australia, and that they contain a similar consortium of diatom symbionts, confirming their recent common descent. Thereafter, we exposed specimens from GoA and EaM to elevated temperatures for three weeks and monitored survivorship, growth rates and photophysiology. Both populations exhibited a similar pattern of temperature tolerance. A consistent reduction of photosynthetic dark yields was observed at 34°C and reduced growth was observed at 32°C. The apparent tolerance to sustained exposure to high temperature cannot have a direct adaptive importance, as peak summer temperatures in both locations remain 〈32°C. Instead, it seems that in the studied foraminifera tolerance to high temperature is a conservative trait and the EaM population retained this trait since its recent invasion. Such pre-adaptation to higher temperatures confers A. lobifera a clear adaptive advantage in shallow and episodically high temperature environments in the Mediterranean under further warming.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 7
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    Growth rate of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Keywords: Aquarium number; Area in square milimeter; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Growth rate; MARUM; pH; Plate; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature probe; TP; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1872 data points
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  • 8
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    Respiration of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Keywords: Aquarium number; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen; MARUM; Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen; Respiration rate, oxygen; Species; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 483 data points
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  • 9
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    Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Keywords: Apparent photosynthetic rate; Aquarium number; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Effective photochemical quantum yield; MARUM; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II; Plate; Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry; Species; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3409 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Chlorophyll a of coral reef foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa in a multi-fractorial experiment (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Keywords: Aquarium number; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Chlorophyll a; MARUM; Species; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 384 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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