Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Micro/NanoCell- and Molecule-Based Biosensors -- 1.3 Characteristics of Micro/Nano Cell- and Molecule-Based Biosensors -- 1.4 Types of Micro/NanoCell and Molecule-Based Biosensors -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Micro/NanoBiosensors for Living Cell and Molecule Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Traditional Cell- and Molecular-Based Biosensors -- 2.2.1 Microelectrode Array -- 2.2.2 Impedance Biosensor -- 2.2.3 Field-Effect Transistor -- 2.2.4 Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor -- 2.3 Novel Micro/Nano cell- and Molecular-Based Biosensors -- 2.3.1 Nanoscale FET -- 2.3.1.1 Fabrication of Nanoscale Device -- 2.3.1.2 Characterization and Application of Nanoscale FET Devices -- 2.3.2 Nanopillar and Nanotube Electrode Array -- 2.3.2.1 Fabrication of Nanoelectrode Array -- 2.3.2.2 Characterization and Application of Nanoelectrode Array -- 2.3.3 Nanomaterial Modified Biosensor -- 2.3.3.1 Fabrication of Nanotube-Modified FET -- 2.3.3.2 Characterization and Application of Nanotube-Modified FET -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Label-Free DNA Biosensors with Field-Effect Devices -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Principle of FED-Based DNA Biosensors -- 3.2.1 Mechanisms of DNA Hybridization and Signal Generation -- 3.2.2 Label-Free Detection of DNA Hybridization with FEDs -- 3.3 Design and Fabrication of FEDs for DNA Sensing -- 3.3.1 Coupling of DNA Molecules with FEDs -- 3.3.2 Fabrication of FEDs for DNA Sensing -- 3.4 Application of FED-Based DNA Biosensors -- 3.4.1 Label-Free DNA Assays -- 3.4.2 Label-Free Detection of SNPs -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Micro/Nano Cell-Substrate Impedance Biosensors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theory of Cell Impedance Biosensors -- 4.2.1 ECIS Cell Impedance Model -- 4.2.2 Detection Principle of Cell Growth and Pulse. , 4.2.3 Cell Index -- 4.3 ECIS-Based Biosensors and Measurement -- 4.3.1 Chip Fabrication -- 4.3.2 Surface Modification -- 4.3.3 Detection System -- 4.4 Application in Biomedicine and Food Analysis -- 4.4.1 Drug Screening -- 4.4.2 Environment Monitoring -- 4.4.3 Food Analysis -- 4.4.4 Cancer Research -- 4.4.5 Other Applications -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Micro/Nano Cell Potential Biosensors -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theory of Cell Potential Biosensors -- 5.2.1 H-H Model of Cardiomyocyte Action Potential -- 5.2.2 Cell Potential Sensor Model -- 5.2.3 Detection Principle of EFP -- 5.3 MEA-Based Biosensors and Measurement -- 5.3.1 MEA Chip Design and Fabrication -- 5.3.2 MEA Chip Surface Modification -- 5.3.2.1 Surface Hydrophilicity Improvement Method -- 5.3.2.2 Protein Modification Method -- 5.3.2.3 Special Structure Manufacturing Method -- 5.3.3 Detection System and EFP Measurement -- 5.4 Application in Biomedicine and Food Analysis -- 5.4.1 Cardiac Pathology Research -- 5.4.2 Cardiac Safety Evaluation -- 5.4.3 Food Analysis -- 5.4.4 Other Applications -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Micro/Nano Neuronal Network Cell Biosensors -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Development of Neural Networks -- 6.2.1 The Culture of Neuronal Networks -- 6.2.2 The Bioengineering of Neuronal Networks -- 6.3 Neural Network Cell Biosensors -- 6.3.1 The Field-Effect Transistor -- 6.3.2 Graphene Solution-Gated Field-Effect Transistors -- 6.3.3 Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors -- 6.4 Application in Neuroscience and Biomedicine -- 6.4.1 The Research Platform of the Neuronal Signal -- 6.4.2 Drug and Toxicity Analysis -- 6.4.3 Detection of Neurotransmitters -- 6.5 Summary and Outlooks -- References -- Chapter 7: Micro/NanoMaterial-Based Biosensors -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Structures and Properties of Nanomaterial -- 7.2.1 Basic Properties of Nanomaterial. , 7.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles -- 7.2.2.1 The Properties of Precious Metal Nanomaterial -- Optical Properties -- Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties -- Thermal Properties -- Catalytic Properties -- 7.2.3 Carbon Nanomaterial -- 7.2.3.1 Fullerene -- 7.2.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- Mechanical Property -- Conductive Property -- Heat-Transfer Properties -- 7.2.3.3 Graphene -- Basic Electronic Properties -- Electron Transport Properties -- Nonelectronic Properties -- 7.2.4 Semiconductor Nanomaterial -- 7.2.5 Magnetic Nanomaterial -- 7.3 Recent Developments in the Use of Micro/Nano Material in Biosensors -- 7.3.1 Electrochemical Biosensors -- 7.3.1.1 Accelerating Electron Transfer -- 7.3.1.2 Acting as Catalyst -- 7.3.1.3 The Immobilization of Biomolecules -- 7.3.1.4 Biomolecule Labeling -- 7.3.1.5 Acting as Reactant -- 7.3.2 Optical Biosensor -- 7.3.2.1 The Application of Metal Nanoparticles in Optical Biosensor -- 7.3.2.2 The Application of Semiconductor Nanoparticles in Optical Biosensor -- 7.3.2.3 The Application of Carbon Nanomaterial in Optical Biosensor -- 7.3.3 Piezoelectric Sensor and FET Biosensor -- 7.3.3.1 The Application of Nanomaterial in Piezoelectric Sensor -- 7.3.3.2 The Application of Carbon Nanomaterial in Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors -- 7.3.3.3 The Application of Silicon Nanowire in Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors -- 7.4 Summary and Outlooks -- References -- Chapter 8: Micro/Nano Electrochemical Sensors for Ion Sensing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Theory of Electrochemical Sensors for Ion Sensing -- 8.2.1 Potentiometric Sensors -- 8.2.2 Voltammetric Sensors -- 8.2.3 Characterizations of Micro/Nano sensors -- 8.2.3.1 Radius Diffusion -- 8.2.3.2 Large Mass Transfer Rate and Current Density -- 8.2.3.3 Low Time Constant and IR Voltage Drop -- 8.2.3.4 Low Charging Current, High Signal-to-Noise Ratio. , 8.2.3.5 Microelectrode Array Characteristics -- 8.3 Electrochemical Ion Sensors and Measurement -- 8.3.1 Fabrication of the Hybrid Sensor -- 8.3.2 Characterization of MEA -- 8.3.3 Characterization of LAPS -- 8.4 Application in the Environment and Food Analysis -- 8.4.1 Heavy-Metal Detection -- 8.4.1.1 Chemically and Biochemically Modified Electrodes -- 8.4.1.2 Metal Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes -- 8.4.1.3 Nanomaterials Combined with Synthetic Receptor-Modified Electrodes -- 8.4.1.4 Nanobiomodified Electrodes -- 8.4.2 Mycotoxin Determination -- 8.4.2.1 Biosensors as Diagnostic Tools -- 8.4.2.2 Micro/Nano electrode Arrays -- 8.4.3 Application of the LAPS -- 8.4.3.1 Typical LAPS -- 8.4.3.2 Microphysiometers Based on the LAPS -- 8.4.3.3 Cell-Semiconductor Hybrid for Electrophysiological Detection -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Future Trends of Micro/Nano Cell and Molecule-Based Biosensors -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Intelligent Micro/Nano Cell- and Molecule-Based Biosensors and Biosystems -- 9.2.1 Intelligent Multiparameter Biosensors -- 9.2.2 Intelligent High-Throughput Biosensor Array -- 9.2.3 Devices Through Integrating MEMS/Micro/Nano Technologies and Live Cells for Cell Behavior Measurements and Manipulation -- 9.3 Application Perspective in Biomimetic Devices, Health Care, and Rehabilitation -- 9.3.1 Nano-micropatterned Cell Cultures -- 9.3.2 Nanoporous-Based Biosensor -- 9.3.3 Nanoprobes to Intracellular Nano-sensors -- 9.3.4 Nano- and Micro-patterned Surface for Cell Behavior Manipulation -- 9.4 Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Are Smell and Taste Sensors -- 1.2 Characteristics of Smell and Taste Sensors -- 1.3 Types of Smell and Taste Sensors -- 1.3.1 Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue -- 1.3.2 Olfactory and Taste Cell-Based Biosensors -- 1.3.3 Olfactory and Taste Epithelium-Based Biosensors -- 1.3.4 Insect Antenna and Binding Proteins Smell Sensors -- 1.3.5 Smell and Taste Receptor-Based Biosensors -- 1.3.6 Biomimetic Membrane-Based Taste Biosensors -- 1.3.7 In Vivo Smell and Taste Biosensing System -- 1.4 Application of Smell and Taste Sensors -- 1.4.1 Detection of Chemical Compounds -- 1.4.2 Research of Signal Transduction Mechanisms -- 1.4.3 Breath Diagnosis for Cancer Diseases -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- 2 Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Traditional Electronic Nose -- 2.2.1 Principle and Structure -- 2.2.2 Sensing System -- 2.2.2.1 MOS Sensors -- 2.2.2.2 CP Sensors -- 2.2.2.3 Optical Sensors -- 2.2.2.4 Piezoelectric Sensors -- 2.2.3 Pattern Recognition System -- 2.2.3.1 Dimension Reduction -- 2.2.3.2 Classification and Prediction -- 2.3 Traditional Electronic Tongue -- 2.3.1 Potentiometric Sensors -- 2.3.2 Voltammetric Sensors -- 2.4 Application of Electronic Nose -- 2.4.1 Food Evaluation -- 2.4.2 Public Security -- 2.4.3 Medical Applications -- 2.5 Application of Electronic Tongue -- 2.5.1 Food Evaluation and Discrimination -- 2.5.2 Water Environment Monitoring -- 2.5.3 Process Monitoring -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- 3 Olfactory Cell-Based Smell Sensors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theories of Olfactory Cell-Based Smell Sensors -- 3.2.1 Biology of Olfactory Receptor Cells -- 3.2.2 Electrophysiology of Olfactory Cells -- 3.2.3 Theories of Cell Electrophysiological Recording -- 3.2.4 Modeling of Cell Electrophysiological Recording. , 3.3 Design of Olfactory Cell-Based Smell Sensors -- 3.3.1 Culture Olfactory Receptor Cells on the Sensors -- 3.3.2 Bioengineered Olfactory Cells with Specific Receptors -- 3.3.3 Fabrication of Sensors and the Detecting Systems -- 3.4 Application of Olfactory Cell-Based Smell Sensors -- 3.4.1 Extracellular Sensing of Olfactory Cells to Odorants -- 3.4.2 Cell-Based High-Throughput and Automatic Odorant Screening -- 3.4.3 Applications of Olfactory Cell-Based Smell Sensors -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Smell Sensors Based on Olfactory Epithelium -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theories of Olfactory Epithelium-Based Smell Sensors -- 4.2.1 Structure and Sensing Mechanism of Olfactory Epithelium -- 4.2.2 Epithelium Electrophysiological Recording on Microelectrodes -- 4.2.3 Modeling of Epithelium Electrophysiological Recording -- 4.3 Design of the Olfactory Epithelium-Based Smell Sensors -- 4.3.1 Preparation of Microelectrode Arrays -- 4.3.2 Isolation and Fixation of Olfactory Epitheliums -- 4.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing -- 4.4 Application of Olfactory Epithelium-Based Smell Sensors -- 4.4.1 Recording of Electrophysiological Signals -- 4.4.2 Time and Frequency Analysis of Multi-channel Signals -- 4.4.3 Spatio-Temporal Analysis Discrimination -- 4.4.4 Development and Applications of Olfactory Epithelium-Based Smell Sensors -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- 5 Smell Sensors with Insect Antenna -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fundamental of Smell Sensors with Insect Antenna -- 5.2.1 Structure and Electrophysiology of Insect Antennae -- 5.2.2 Electrophysiological Recording from Insect Antenna with Micro Devices -- 5.2.3 Modeling of Insect Antenna Electrophysiological Recording -- 5.3 Design of Insect Antenna-Based Smell Sensors -- 5.3.1 Isolation and Fixation of Insect Antennae -- 5.3.2 Preparation of Micro Devices -- 5.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing. , 5.4 Application of Smell Sensors with Insect Antenna -- 5.4.1 Recording of Electrophysiological Signals -- 5.4.2 Plant Protection -- 5.4.3 Smoke Detection -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- 6 Smell Sensors Based on Olfactory Receptor -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theories of Olfactory Receptor-Based Smell Sensors -- 6.2.1 Biological Structure and Function of Olfactory Receptors -- 6.2.2 Production Techniques of Olfactory Receptors -- 6.2.3 Natural Structure Maintenance of Olfactory Receptors -- 6.3 Design of Olfactory Receptor-Based Smell Sensors -- 6.3.1 Secondary Transducers for Olfactory Receptor-Based Smell Sensors -- 6.3.2 Coupling Techniques of Olfactory Receptors with Transducers -- 6.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing -- 6.4 Applications of Olfactory Receptor-Based Smell Sensors -- 6.4.1 The Odorant Detection in Food Industry -- 6.4.2 Research of Olfactory Receptors and Ligands Interactions -- 6.4.3 Toxic and Explosive Gases Detection in Public Safety -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7 Smell Sensors Based on Odorant Binding Proteins -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Theories of Odorant Binding Proteins-Based Smell Sensors -- 7.2.1 Molecular Features of Odorant Binding Proteins -- 7.2.2 Electrical Properties of the Odorant Binding Proteins -- 7.2.3 Modeling of the Odorant Binding Proteins to Ligands -- 7.3 Design of Odorant Binding Proteins-Based Smell Sensors -- 7.3.1 Preparation of Microelectrodes -- 7.3.2 Production and Fixation of Odorant Binding Proteins -- 7.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing -- 7.4 Applications of Odorant Binding Proteins-Based Biosensors -- 7.4.1 Specific and Sensitive Odorants Detection -- 7.4.2 Odorant Detection and Analysis -- 7.4.3 Application of the Odorant Binding Proteins-Based Smell Sensors -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- 8 DNA-Decorated Devices as Smell Sensors -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.2 Fundamental of DNA-Decorated Devices for Chemical Sensing -- 8.2.1 Molecular Features of Odorant Sensitive DNA -- 8.2.2 DNA-Decorated Devices for Chemical Sensing -- 8.2.3 DNA-Fluorescent Dye Conjugates for Chemical Sensing -- 8.3 Design of DNA-Decorated Devices as Smell Sensors -- 8.3.1 Screening of Odorant Sensitive DNA -- 8.3.2 DNA-Decorated Field-Effect Devices as Smell Sensors -- 8.3.3 Chemical Sensing System and Data Processing -- 8.4 Applications of Smell Sensors Based on DNA-Decorated Devices -- 8.4.1 Specific and Sensitive Odorant Detection -- 8.4.2 Odorant Sensitive DNA Nanostructure -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- 9 In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theories of In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.2.1 Smell Detecting Using Whole Animals -- 9.2.2 Signal Transduction in Mammalian Olfactory System -- 9.2.3 Massive Parallel In Vivo Recording of Olfactory System Activity -- 9.3 Design of the In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.3.1 Preparation of Microelectrode -- 9.3.2 Animal Training and Surgery Protocol -- 9.3.3 In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.4 Realization of the In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.4.1 Recording of Electrophysiological Signals -- 9.4.2 Efficacy Analysis of In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.4.3 Pattern Recognition for Odor Detection and Discrimination -- 9.4.4 Smell Detection and Discrimination of In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.4.5 Application of the In Vivo Bioelectronic Nose -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10 Taste Sensors with Gustatory Cells -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Fundamental of Gustatory Cell-Based Taste Sensors -- 10.2.1 Gustatory Cells for Chemical Sensing -- 10.2.2 Transducers for Extracellular Recording of Gustatory Cells -- 10.2.3 Modeling of the Gustatory Cell Electrophysiological Recording -- 10.3 Design of the Gustatory Cell-Based Biosensors. , 10.3.1 Gustatory Cell Preparation and Characterization -- 10.3.2 Sensor Design and Fabrication -- 10.3.3 Measurement Setup and Data Processing -- 10.4 Application of Gustatory Cell-Based Biosensors -- 10.4.1 Research on Taste Signal Transduction Mechanisms -- 10.4.2 Acid Detection -- 10.4.3 Sweet and Bitter Detection -- 10.4.4 Taste Neurotransmitter Detection -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- 11 Gustatoty Epithelium-Based Taste Sensors -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theories of Gustatory Epithelium-Based Biosensors -- 11.2.1 Structure and Electrophysiology of Gustatory Epithelium -- 11.2.2 3D Tissue Electrophysiological Recording -- 11.2.3 Electrophysiological Recording on Microelectrode Arrays -- 11.3 Design of Gustatory Epithelium-Based Biosensors -- 11.3.1 Microelectrode Array Preparation -- 11.3.2 Isolation and Fixation of Gustatory Epithelium -- 11.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing -- 11.4 Application of Gustatory Epithelium-Based Biosensors -- 11.4.1 Recording of Taste Electrophysiological Signals -- 11.4.2 Analysis of Multichannel Taste Signals -- 11.4.3 Taste Detection and Analysis -- 11.4.4 The Gustatory Epithelium-Based Biosensors for Taste Discrimination -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- 12 Gustatory Receptor-Based Taste Sensors -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Theories of Gustatory Receptor-Based Taste Sensors -- 12.2.1 Biological Structure and Function of Gustatory Receptor -- 12.2.1.1 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors-Sweet, Umami and Bitter Receptors -- 12.2.1.2 Ion Channel Receptors−Salt and Sour Tastes -- 12.2.2 Production Techniques of Gustatory Receptors -- 12.2.3 Natural Structure Maintenance of Gustatory ReceptorS -- 12.3 Design of Gustatory Receptor-Based Taste Sensors -- 12.3.1 Secondary Transducer for Gustatory Receptor-Based Taste Sensors -- 12.3.2 Coupling Techniques of Gustatory ReceptorS -- 12.3.3 Sensor System and Data Processing. , 12.3.3.1 QCM for Gustatory Receptor-Based Receptor.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Development and Vision of CRISPR-Based Technology -- References -- 2 Gene Editing Through CRISPR-Based Technology -- 2.1 CRISPR and The Bacterial Immunity -- 2.2 Gene Editing and Beyond Editing -- 2.3 Potential Risks -- References -- 3 Extension and Improvement of CRISPR-Based Technology -- 3.1 Engineering and Application of Cas Nuclease -- 3.2 Base Editing and Prime Editing System -- 3.3 Optimization of Guide RNA Design -- References -- 4 Application of CRISPR-Based Technology in Medical Research and Disease Treatment -- 4.1 CRISPR in Biomedical Research -- 4.2 CRISPR Provides a Potential Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy -- References -- 5 Application of CRISPR-Based Technology in Plant Gene Editing and Agricultural Engineering -- 5.1 CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Plants -- 5.2 Application of CRISPR-Based Technology in Crop Breeding -- References -- 6 CRISPR Guides -- References.