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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Geology and tectonics of subduction zones : a tribute to Gaku Kimura (2018)
    Boulder, Colorado : The Geological Society of America
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Kimura, Gaku ; Subduction zones ; Plate tectonics ; Geology ; Subduction zones ; Festschriften ; Festschrift ; Japan ; Subduktion ; Plattentektonik ; Japan ; Meeresboden ; Meeresgeologie ; Plattentektonik ; Akkretion ; Pazifischer Ozean Nordwest ; Akkretionskeil ; Rifting ; Subduktion ; Geologie ; Tektonik
    Description / Table of Contents: "Chapters examine a variety of topics and locales, including thermal structure of the ocean crust, and potential fluid pathways in the Shikoku Basin; deformation and thermal maturation of sediments along accretionary margins from Japan to New Zealand to western North America; and deformation processes near the subducting plate interface"--
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: vii, 215 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9780813725345 , 9780813795348
    Series Statement: Special paper 534
    DDC: 551.1/36
    RVK:
    RR 73121
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal evolution of the Tertiary Shimanto Belt, Muroto Peninsula, Shikoku, Japan (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Shimanto accretionary complex on the Muroto Peninsula of Shikoku comprises two major units of Tertiary strata: the Murotohanto Sub-belt (Eocene-Oligocene) and the Nabae Sub-belt (Oligocene-Miocene). Both sub-belts have been affected by thermal overprints following the peak of accretion-related deformation. Palaeotemperatures for the entire Tertiary section range from ∼ 140 to 315°C, based upon mean vitrinite reflectance values of 0.9–5.0%Rm. Values of illite crystallinity index are consistent with conditions of advanced diagenesis and anchimetamorphism. Illite/mica b0 lattice dimensions indicate that burial pressures were probably no greater than 2.5kbar. In general, levels of thermal maturity are higher for the Murotohanto Sub-belt than for the Nabae Sub-belt. The Eocene-Oligocene strata also display a spatial decrease in thermal maturity from south to north and this pattern probably was caused by regional-scale differential uplift following peak heating. Conversely, the palaeothermal structure within the Nabae Sub-belt is fairly uniform, except for the local effects of mafic intrusions at the tip of Cape Muroto. There is a paleotemperature difference of ∼ 90°C across the boundary between the Murotohanto and Nabae Sub-belts (Shiina-Narashi fault), and this contrast is consistent with approximately 1200 m of post-metamorphic vertical offset.Subduction prior to Middle Miocene probably involved the Kula or fused Kula-Pacific plate and the background geothermal gradient during the Eocene-Oligocene phase of accretion was ∼ 30–35°C/km. Rapid heating of the Shimanto Belt evidently occurred immediately after a Middle Miocene reorganization of the subduction boundary. Hot oceanic lithosphere from the Shikoku Basin first entered the subduction zone at ∼ 15 Ma; this event also coincided with the opening of the Sea of Japan and the rapid clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. The background geothermal gradient at that time was ∼ 70°C/km. Whether or not all portions of the inherited (Eocene-Oligocene) palaeothermal structure were overprinted during the Middle Miocene remains controversial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1992.tb00064.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Character of sediments entering the Costa Rica subduction zone: Implications for partitioning of water along the plate interface (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Sediments deposited off the Nicoya Peninsula advect large volumes of water as they enter the Costa Rica subduction zone. Seismic reflection data, together with results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 170, show that hemipelagic mud comprises the upper ∼135 m of the sediment column (ranging from 0 to 210 m). The lower ∼215 m of the sediment column (ranging from 0 to 470 m) is pelagic carbonate ooze. We analyzed samples from 60 shallow (〈7 m) cores to characterize the spatial variability of sediment composition on the incoming Cocos Plate. The bulk hemipelagic sediment is 10 wt% opal and 60 wt% smectite on average, with no significant variations along strike; the pelagic chalk contains approximately 2 wt% opal and 〈1 wt% smectite. Initially, most of the water (96%) in the subducting sediment is stored in pore spaces, but the pore water is expelled during the early stages of subduction by compaction and tectonic consolidation. Approximately 3.6% of the sediment's total water volume enters the subduction zone as interlayer water in smectite; only 0.4% of the water is bound in opal. Once subducting strata reach depths greater than 6 km (more than 30 km inboard of the subduction front), porosity drops to less than 15%, and temperature rises to greater than 60°C. Under those conditions, discrete pulses of opal and smectite dehydration should create local compartments of fluid overpressure, which probably influence fluid flow patterns and reduce effective stress along the plate boundary fault.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2004.00436.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Provenance and dispersal of muds south of the Aleutian arc, north Pacific Ocean (1989)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 9 (1989), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction analyses show that the clay mineralogies of near-surface muds in the Gulf of Alaska (mostly illite and chlorite) are consistent with detrital sources in southern Alaska. Expandable clay minerals are derived from the Aleutian volcanic arc, and their percentages increase progressively toward the west. Smectite values are lower than expected, however, particularly in the central forearc, and there is less smectite on the insular trench slope than farther seaward. The regional clay-mineral distribution is controlled by two opposed contour currents and by the influx of suspended sediment via both transverse and trench-axis turbidity currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transverse infilling of the central Aleutian Trench by unconfined turbidity currents (1986)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 6 (1986), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Holocene sand layers cored from the central Aleutian Trench are dominated by volcaniclastic debris, and the only likely source is the central Aleutian volcanic arc. This creates something of an enigma because bathymetric obstructions seemingly prevent direct delivery of sediment via transverse canyons or channels. Turbidity currents are funneled through submarine canyons on the upper trench slope, but the flows become unconfined as they cross the midslope Aleutian Terrace. Evidently, the turbid flows maintain high enough velocities to climb over the trench-slope break; acceleration down the lower trench slope then allows forearc bypassing to occur without the aid of through-going channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311690
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  • 6
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    Sedimentary inputs to the Nankai subduction zone: The importance of dispersed ash (2018)
    Geological Society of America
    In:  Geosphere, 14 (4). pp. 1451-1467.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: We examine the importance of dispersed volcanic ash as a critical component of the aluminosilicate sediment entering the Nankai Trough, located south of Japan’s island of Honshu, via the subducting Philippine Sea plate. Multivariate statistical analyses of an extensive major, trace, and rare earth element data set from bulk sediment and discrete ash layers at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Sites C0011 and C0012 quantitatively determine the abundance and accumulation of multiple aluminosilicate inputs to the Nankai subduction zone. We identify the eolian input of continental material to both sites, and we further find that there are an additional three ash sources from Kyushu and Honshu, Japan and other regions. Some of these ash sources may themselves represent mixtures of ash inputs, although the final compositions appear statistically distinct. The dispersed ash comprises 38 ± 7 weight percent (wt%) of the bulk sediment at Site C0011, and 34 ± 4 wt% at Site C0012. When considering the entire sediment thickness at Site C0011, the dispersed ash component supplies 38000 ± 7000 g/cm2 of material to the Nankai subduction system, whereas Site C0012 supplies 20000 ± 3000 g/cm2. These values are enormous compared to the ~2500 g/cm2 (C0011) and ~1200 g/cm2 (C0012) of ash in the discrete ash layers. Therefore, the mass of volcanic ash and chemically equivalent alteration products (e.g., smectite) that are dispersed throughout the stratigraphic succession of bulk sediment appears to be up to 15–17 times greater than the mass of discrete ash layers. The composition of the dispersed ash component at Site C0011 appears linked to that of the discrete layers, and the mass accumulation rate for dispersed ash correlates best with discrete ash layer thickness. In contrast, at Site C0012 the mass accumulation rate for dispersed ash correlates better with the number of ash layers. Together, the discrete ash layers, dispersed ash, and clay-mineral assemblages present a complete record of volcanism and erosion of volcanic sources; and indicate that mass balances and subduction factory budgets should include the mass of dispersed ash for a more accurate assessment of volcanic contributions to large-scale geochemical cycling.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1130/GES01558.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Large volume submarine ignimbrites in the Shikoku Basin: An example for explosive volcanism in the Western Pacific during the Late Miocene (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15 (5). pp. 1837-1851.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-27
    Description: During IODP Expedition 322, an interval of Late Miocene (7.6 to ∼9.1 Ma) tuffaceous and volcaniclastic sandstones was discovered in the Shikoku Basin (Site C0011B), Nankai region. This interval consists of bioturbated silty claystone including four 1–7 m thick interbeds of tuffaceous sandstones (TST) containing 57–82% (by volume) pyroclasts. We use major and trace element glass compositions, as well as radiogenic isotope compositions, to show that the tuffaceous sandstones beds derived from single eruptive events, and that the majority (TST 1, 2, 3a) came from different eruptions from a similar source region, which we have identified to be the Japanese mainland, 350 km away. In particular, diagnostic trace element ratios (e.g., Th/La, Sm/La, Rb/Hf, Th/Nb, and U/Th) and isotopic data indicate a marked contribution from a mantle source beneath continental crust, which is most consistent with a Japanese mainland source and likely excludes the Izu-Bonin island arc and back arc as a source region for the younger TST beds. Nevertheless, some of the chemical data measured on the oldest sandstone bed (TST 3b, Unit IIb) show affinity to or can clearly be attributed to an Izu-Bonin composition. While we cannot completely exclude the possibility that all TST beds derived from unknown and exotic Izu-Bonin source(s), the collected lines of evidence are most consistent with an origin from the paleo-Honshu arc for TST 1 through 3a. We therefore suggest the former collision zone between the Izu-Bonin arc and Honshu paleo-arc as the most likely region where the eruptive products entered the ocean, also concurrent with nearby (∼200 km) possible Miocene source areas for the tuffaceous sandstones at the paleo-NE-Honshu arc. Estimating the distribution area of the tuffaceous sandstones in the Miocene between this source region and the ∼350 km distant Expedition 322, using bathymetric constraints, we calculate that the sandstone beds represent minimum erupted magma volumes between ∼1 and 17 km3 (Dense Rock Equivalent (DRE)). We conclude that several large volume eruptions occurred during the Late Miocene time next to the collision zone of paleo-Honshu and Izu-Bonin arc and covered the entire Philippine Sea plate with meter thick, sheet-like pyroclastic deposits that are now subducted in the Nankai subduction zone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014GC005263
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  • 8
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    Depositional architecture, provenance, and tectonic/eustatic modulation of Miocene submarine fans in the Shikoku Basin: Results from Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (6). pp. 1722-1739.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-28
    Description: Seismostratigraphy, coring, and logging while drilling during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 319, 322, and 333 (Sites C0011/C0012) show three Miocene submarine fans in the NE Shikoku Basin, with broadly coeval deposits at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1177 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 297 (NW Shikoku Basin). The sediment dispersal patterns have major implications for paleogeographies at that time. The oldest, finer-grained (Kyushu) fan has sheet-like geometry; quartz-rich flows were fed mostly from an ancestral landmass in the East China Sea. During prolonged hemipelagic mud deposition at C0011-C0012 (similar to 12.2 to 9.1 Ma), sand supply continued at Sites 1177 and 297. Sand delivery to much of the Shikoku Basin halted during a phase of sinistral strike slip to oblique plate motion, after which the Daiichi Zenisu Fan (similar to 9.1 to 8.0 Ma) was fed by submarine channels. The youngest fan (Daini Zenisu; similar to 8.0 to 7.6 Ma) has sheet-like geometry with thick-bedded, coarse-grained pumiceous sandstones. The pumice fragments were fed from a mixed provenance that included the collision zone of the Izu-Bonin and Honshu Arcs. The shift from channelized to sheet-like flows was favored by renewal of relatively rapid northward subduction, which accentuated the trench as a bathymetric depression. Increased sand supply appears to correlate with long-term eustatic lowstands of sea level. The stratigraphic position and 3-D geometry of the sandbodies have important implications for subduction-related processes, including the potential for focused fluid flow and fluid overpressures above and below the plate boundary fault: In sheet-like sands, pathways for fluid flow have greater horizontal permeability compared with those in channel sands.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20107
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of factors controlling smectite transformation and fluid production in subduction zones: Application to the Nankai Trough (2008)
    Blackwell Science
    In:  Island Arc, 17 (2). pp. 208-230.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: The transformation of smectite-group clay minerals to illite has garnered considerable interest as a potentially important process affecting both the mechanical and hydrologic behavior of subduction zones. Illitization can generate fluid overpressure by release of bound water, and the mineralogical change and associated cementation may increase intrinsic frictional strength while decreasing the sliding stability of faults. Released bound water also contributes to pore water freshening observed in boreholes at numerous margins. Here the authors combine data from Ocean Drilling Program drill sites along two transects at the Nankai subduction zone with numerical models of smectite transformation, to (i) quantify the distribution of smectite transformation and fluid production downdip of the trench; and (ii) evaluate its hydrologic and mechanical implications. High heat flow (ca 180 mW/m2) along the axis of the Kinan Seamount Chain (Muroto transect) initiates clay mineral transformation outboard of the trench, whereas lower heat flow (70–120 mW/m2) 100 km to the SW (Ashizuri transect) results in negligible presubduction diagenesis. As a result, considerably more bound fluid is subducted along the Ashizuri transect; simulated peak fluid sources down-dip of the trench are considerably higher than for the Muroto transect (ca 1.2–1.3 × 10−14/s vs ca 6 × 10−15/s), and are shifted ca 10 km further from the trench. More generally, sensitivity analysis illustrates that heat flow, taper angle, incoming sediment thickness, and plate convergence rate all systematically affect reaction progress and the distribution of bound water release down-dip of the trench. These shifts in the loci and volume of fluid release are important for constraining fluid flow pathways, and provide insight into the links between clay transformation and fault mechanics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2008.00614.x
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  • 10
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    Geochemical approaches to the quantification of dispersed volcanic ash in marine sediment (2016)
    SpringerOpen
    In:  Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3 (1).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Volcanic ash has long been recognized in marine sediment, and given the prevalence of oceanic and continental arc volcanism around the globe in regard to widespread transport of ash, its presence is nearly ubiquitous. However, the presence/absence of very fine-grained ash material, and identification of its composition in particular, is challenging given its broad classification as an “aluminosilicate” component in sediment. Given this challenge, many studies of ash have focused on discrete layers (that is, layers of ash that are of millimeter-to-centimeter or greater thickness, and their respective glass shards) found in sequences at a variety of locations and timescales and how to link their presence with a number of Earth processes. The ash that has been mixed into the bulk sediment, known as dispersed ash, has been relatively unstudied, yet represents a large fraction of the total ash in a given sequence. The application of a combined geochemical and statistical technique has allowed identification of this dispersed ash as part of the original ash contribution to the sediment. In this paper, we summarize the development of these geochemical/statistical techniques and provide case studies from the quantification of dispersed ash in the Caribbean Sea, equatorial Pacific Ocean, and northwest Pacific Ocean. These geochemical studies (and their sedimentological precursors of smear slides) collectively demonstrate that local and regional arc-related ash can be an important component of sedimentary sequences throughout large regions of the ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1186/s40645-015-0077-y
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