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  • 1
    Buch
    Buch
    The Greenland flow distortion experiment (2009)
    Details Verfügbarkeit
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: S. 1917 - 2184 , Ill., graph. Darst
    Serie: Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 133.2009,645
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Simple Model Of The Convective Internal Boundary Layer And Its Application To Surface Heat Flux Estimates Within Polynyas (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 94 (2000), S. 335-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Schlagwort(e): Cold-air outbreak ; Surface heat fluxes ; Ronne Ice Shelf ; Thermal internal boundary layer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple model of the convective (thermal) internalboundary layer has been developed for climatologicalstudies of air-sea-ice interaction, where in situobservations are scarce and first-order estimates ofsurface heat fluxes are required. It is amixed-layer slab model, based on a steady-statesolution of the conservation of potentialtemperature equation, assuming a balance betweenadvection and turbulent heat-flux convergence. Boththe potential temperature and the surface heat fluxare allowed to vary with fetch, so the subsequentboundary-layer modification alters the fluxconvergence and thus the boundary-layer growth rate.For simplicity, microphysical and radiativeprocesses are neglected. The model is validated using several case studies.For a clear-sky cold-air outbreak over a coastalpolynya the observed boundary-layer heights,mixed-layer potential temperatures and surface heatfluxes are all well reproduced. In other cases,where clouds are present, the model still capturesmost of the observed boundary-layer modification,although there are increasing discrepancies withfetch, due to the neglected microphysical andradiative processes. The application of the model toclimatological studies of air-sea interaction withincoastal polynyas is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002492412097
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 3
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    High-Latitude Dynamics of Atmosphere–Ice–Ocean Interactions (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97, pp. ES179-ES182
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-10-31
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Advancing polar prediction capabilities on daily to seasonal time scales (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-02
    Beschreibung: The polar regions have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, fuelled by the perceptible impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Polar climate change provides new opportunities, such as shorter shipping routes between Europe and East Asia, but also new risks such as the potential for industrial accidents or emergencies in ice-covered seas. Here, it is argued that environmental prediction systems for the polar regions are less developed than elsewhere. There are many reasons for this situation, including the polar regions being (historically) lower priority, with less in situ observations, and with numerous local physical processes that are less well-represented by models. By contrasting the relative importance of different physical processes in polar and lower latitudes, the need for a dedicated polar prediction effort is illustrated. Research priorities are identified that will help to advance environmental polar prediction capabilities. Examples include an improvement of the polar observing system; the use of coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean models, even for short-term prediction; and insight into polar-lower latitude linkages and their role for forecasting. Given the enormity of some of the challenges ahead, in a harsh and remote environment such as the polar regions, it is argued that rapid progress will only be possible with a coordinated international effort. More specifically, it is proposed to hold a Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) from mid-2017 to mid-2019 in which the international research and operational forecasting community will work together with stakeholders in a period of intensive observing, modelling, prediction, verification, user-engagement and educational activities.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Multidecadal mobility of the North Atlantic Oscillation (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 26 (2013): 2453–2466, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00023.1.
    Beschreibung: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most important modes of variability in the global climate system and is characterized by a meridional dipole in the sea level pressure field, with centers of action near Iceland and the Azores. It has a profound influence on the weather, climate, ecosystems, and economies of Europe, Greenland, eastern North America, and North Africa. It has been proposed that around 1980, there was an eastward secular shift in the NAO’s northern center of action that impacted sea ice export through Fram Strait. Independently, it has also been suggested that the location of its southern center of action is tied to the phase of the NAO. Both of these attributes of the NAO have been linked to anthropogenic climate change. Here the authors use both the one-point correlation map technique as well as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to show that the meridional dipole that is often seen in the sea level pressure field over the North Atlantic is not purely the result of the NAO (as traditionally defined) but rather arises through an interplay among the NAO and two other leading modes of variability in the North Atlantic region: the East Atlantic (EA) and the Scandinavian (SCA) patterns. This interplay has resulted in multidecadal mobility in the two centers of action of the meridional dipole since the late nineteenth century. In particular, an eastward movement of the dipole has occurred during the 1930s to 1950s as well as more recently. This mobility is not seen in the leading EOF of the sea level pressure field in the region.
    Beschreibung: GWKM was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. IAR was supported in part by NE/C003365/1. RSP was supported by Grant OCE-0959381 from the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Beschreibung: 2013-10-15
    Schlagwort(e): North Atlantic Ocean ; North Atlantic Oscillation ; Climate variability ; Climatology ; Empirical orthogonal functions
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 6
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    Meteorological buoy observations from the central Iceland Sea (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120 (2015): 3199–3208, doi:10.1002/2014JD022584.
    Beschreibung: We present the first continuous in situ atmospheric observations from the central Iceland Sea collected from a meteorological buoy deployed for a 2 year period between 23 November 2007 and 21 August 2009. We use these observations to evaluate the ERA-Interim reanalysis product and demonstrate that it represented low-level meteorological fields and surface turbulent fluxes in this region very well. The buoy observations showed that moderate to strong winds were common from any direction, while wind speeds below 5 ms−1 were relatively rare. The observed low-level air temperature and surface heat fluxes were related to the wind direction with cold-air outbreaks most common from the northwest. Mean wintertime turbulent heat fluxes were modest (〈60 Wm−2), but the range was substantial. High heat flux events, greater than 200 Wm−2, typically occurred every 1–2 weeks in the winter, with each event lasting on average 2.5 days with an average total turbulent heat flux of ∼200 Wm−2 out of the ocean. The most pronounced high heat flux events over the central Iceland Sea were associated with cold-air outbreaks from the north and west forced by a deep Lofoten Low over the Norwegian Sea.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded in part by the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NSF grant OCE-1433958.
    Beschreibung: 2015-10-24
    Schlagwort(e): Iceland Sea ; Met buoy ; Heat flux ; Nordic Seas ; Cold-air outbreak
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Buoy observations from the windiest location in the world ocean, Cape Farewell, Greenland (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2008): L18802, doi:10.1029/2008GL034845.
    Beschreibung: Cape Farewell, Greenland's southernmost point, is a region of significant interest in the meteorological and oceanographic communities in that atmospheric flow distortion associated with the high topography of the region leads to a number of high wind speed jets. The resulting large air-sea fluxes of momentum and buoyancy have a dramatic impact on the region's weather and ocean circulation. Here the first in-situ observations of the surface meteorology in the region, collected from an instrumented buoy, are presented. The buoy wind speeds are compared to 10 m wind speeds from the QuikSCAT satellite and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). We show that the QuikSCAT retrievals have a high wind speed bias that is absent from the NARR winds. The spatial characteristics of the high wind speed events are also presented.
    Beschreibung: The support of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, the support of the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0450658as well as the Natural Environmental Research Council grant NE/C003365/1.
    Schlagwort(e): Buoy observations ; Tip jets ; Cape Farewell
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 8
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    The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. ©American Meteorological Society, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89 (2008): 1307-1324, doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2508.1.
    Beschreibung: Greenland has a major influence on the atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic–western European region, dictating the location and strength of mesoscale weather systems around the coastal seas of Greenland and directly influencing synoptic-scale weather systems both locally and downstream over Europe. High winds associated with the local weather systems can induce large air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum in a region that is critical to the overturning of the thermohaline circulation, and thus play a key role in controlling the coupled atmosphere–ocean climate system. The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex) is investigating the role of Greenland in defining the structure and predictability of both local and downstream weather systems through a program of aircraft-based observation and numerical modeling. The GFDex observational program is centered upon an aircraft-based field campaign in February and March 2007, at the dawn of the International Polar Year. Twelve missions were flown with the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements' BAe-146, based out of the Keflavik, Iceland. These included the first aircraft-based observations of a reverse tip jet event, the first aircraft-based observations of barrier winds off of southeast Greenland, two polar mesoscale cyclones, a dramatic case of lee cyclogenesis, and several targeted observation missions into areas where additional observations were predicted to improve forecasts. In this overview of GFDex the background, aims and objectives, and facilities and logistics are described. A summary of the campaign is provided, along with some of the highlights of the experiment.
    Beschreibung: The GFDex would not have been possible without the dedication and flexibility shown by all at the FAAM, DirectFlight, and Avalon. GFDex was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/C003365/1), the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (GR-641), and the European Union Fleet for Airborne Research (EUFAR) and European Union Coordinated Observing System (EUCOS) schemes.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 9
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    What causes the location of the air-sea turbulent heat flux maximum over the Labrador Sea? (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 3628–3635, doi:10.1002/2014GL059940.
    Beschreibung: The Labrador Sea is a region of climatic importance as a result of the occurrence of oceanic wintertime convection, a process that is integral to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This process requires large air-sea heat fluxes that result in a loss of surface buoyancy, triggering convective overturning of the water column. The Labrador Sea wintertime turbulent heat flux maximum is situated downstream of the ice edge, a location previously thought to be causal. Here we show that there is considerable similarity in the characteristics of the regional mean atmospheric circulation and high heat flux events over the Labrador Sea during early winter, when the ice is situated to the north, and midwinter, when it is near the region of maximum heat loss. This suggests that other factors, including the topography of the nearby upstream and downstream landmasses, contribute to the location of the heat flux maximum.
    Beschreibung: G.W.K.M. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. R.S.P. was supported by grant OCE-085041 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. I. A.R. would like to acknowledge support from NERC grant NE/I005293/1. K.V. received funding from NACLIM, a project of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 308299.
    Beschreibung: 2014-11-19
    Schlagwort(e): Air-sea interaction ; Oceanic convection ; Extratropical cyclones ; Flow distortion ; Polar meterorology
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 10
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    Open-ocean convection becoming less intense in the Greenland and Iceland Seas (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 5 (2015): 877-882, doi:10.1038/nclimate2688.
    Beschreibung: The air-sea transfer of heat and freshwater plays a critical role in the global climate system. This is particularly true for the Greenland and Iceland Seas, where these fluxes drive ocean convection that contributes to Denmark Strait Overflow Water, the densest component of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we show that the wintertime retreat of sea ice in the region, combined with different rates of warming for the atmosphere and sea surface of the Greenland and Iceland Seas, has resulted in statistically significant reductions of approximately 20% in the magnitude of the winter air-sea heat fluxes since 1979. We also show that modes of climate variability other than the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are required to fully characterize the regional air-sea interaction. Mixed-layer model simulations imply that further decreases in atmospheric forcing will exceed a threshold for the Greenland Sea whereby convection will become depth limited, reducing the ventilation of mid-depth waters in the Nordic Seas. In the Iceland Sea, further reductions have the potential to decrease the supply of the densest overflow waters to the AMOC.
    Beschreibung: GWKM was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. KV has received funding from NACLIM, a project of the European Union 7th Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 308299, and from the Research Council of Norway under grant agreement no. 231647. RSP was supported by the US National Science Foundation. IAR has received funding from the Natural Environmental Research Council for the ACCACIA project (NE/I028297/1).
    Beschreibung: 2016-03-29
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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