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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Juvenile neuronale Zeroidlipofuszinose ; Klinische Elektrophysiologie ; Speicherkrankheiten ; Netzhautdegeneration ; Key words Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Clinical electrophysiology ; Storage diseases ; Batten's disease ; Retinal degeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Background: Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is important to the ophthalmologist, since eye symptoms are usually the first evidence of the disease and permit establishment of an early diagnosis. The disorder usually begins with a dramatic loss of vision between age 4 and 10 due to bullseye maculopathy followed by rapid degeneration of the retina and pigment epithelium. Blindness results within 1 to 3 years after onset of symptoms. The further course of the disease is mainly determined by degradation of the CNS with motor and intellectual deficits. Most patients die before the age of 30. Methods: A case of two sisters is presented to demonstrate eye findings and diagnostic procedures, emphasizing electrophysiologic and morphologic tests (peripheral blood smear, histology). Results: Both sisters reported the first decrease in vision at the ages of 8 and 6 respectively; visual acuity at time of visit was light projection (20/400). Both had tapetoretinal degeneration with optic disc atrophy, narrowed vessels, pigment epitheliopathy and bullseye maculopathy. The ERG was almost extinguished in the older sister and greatly reduced in the younger one (scotopic more than photopic). Histologically, vacuolated lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood smear, as were intracellular inclusions of the fingerprint and curvilinear type in the conjunctival biopsy. Conclusion: During the course of JNCL, it is very common for the vision to be affected at the age of 6 – 7. The correct diagnosis, however, is often made years later when massive neurologic symptoms such as seizures appear. When there is sudden loss of vision in a child of this age combined with a tapetoretinal degeneration, a biopsy or at least a peripheral blood smear should be performed.
    Notizen: Hintergrund: Die juvenile neuronale Zeroidlipofuszinose (JNCL) ist für den Augenarzt wichtig, da die Erstsymptome häufig das Auge betreffen und eine frühe Diagnosestellung ermöglichen. Die Erkrankung beginnt im 4. bis 10. Lebensjahr meist mit einem Visusabfall infolge einer Makulopathie, gefolgt von einer rasch fortschreitenden Degeneration von Netzhaut und Pigmentepithel und führt binnen ca. 1 – 3 Jahren zur Erblindung. Danach stehen neurologische Veränderungen (motorische und intellektuelle Defizite) im Vordergrund; der Tod tritt meist bis zur 3. Lebensdekade ein. Methode: Anhand eines Falls von 2 Schwestern werden Befunde und diagnostisches Vorgehen unter Berücksichtigung elektrophysiologischer und ergänzender Untersuchungen (Blutausstrich, Histologie) erläutert. Ergebnisse: Bei der älteren (jüngeren) Schwester traten mit 8(6) Jahren erste Sehprobleme auf; bei der Untersuchung betrug die Sehschärfe Lichtprojektion (0,05). Morphologisch zeigte sich eine tapetoretinale Degeneration mit Papillenatrophie, Gefäßverengung, Pigmentepitheliopathie und Bulls-eye-Makulopathie. Im ERG waren bei der älteren Schwester lediglich Restpotentiale ableitbar, bei der jüngeren war es deutlich vermindert (skotopisch mehr als photopisch). Im Blutausstrich fanden sich vakuolisierte Lymphozyten, bei der histologischen Untersuchung der Bindehautbiopsie zeigten sich Einschlüsse vom Typ der kurvilinearen Körper sowie Fingerprint-Strukturen. Schlußfolgerungen: Trotz einer starken Sehbeeinträchtigung mit bereits ca. 6 – 7 Jahren wird die Diagnose JNCL häufig erst Jahre später, wenn neurologische Symptome wie Grand-mal-Anfälle hinzukommen, gestellt. Bei plötzlichem Visusabfall im entsprechenden Alter und elektrophysiologisch gesicherter tapetoretinaler Degeneration sollten daher zumindest ein peripherer Blutausstrich und ggf. eine Biopsie veranlaßt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] The locus for the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2) maps to a 1.1-Mb region in Xp11.23 between markers DXS722 and DXS255. We identified a retina-specific calcium channel α 1-subunit gene (CACNA1F) in this region, consisting of 48 exons encoding ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 237 (1999), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  · Background: It is difficult to detect receptor dysfunction in patients with marked bilateral visual loss but only mild morphological alterations of the fundus. · Methods: Two patients, father and son, with visual acuity loss to 20/100 were examined. Using the multifocal ERG, 61 local cone ERGs from each eye were derived from the central visual field. The dark-adapted two-color threshold perimetry using stimuli of 500 nm and 656 nm for rod and cone function was investigated along the horizontal meridian of the visual field. · Results: In the multifocal ERG of both patients a macular response was absent. From eccentricity at and anterior to 5°, good multifocal cone activity was recorded. Cone thresholds were markedly diminished in the macula. The rod thresholds were borderline in the father and normal in the son. · Conclusions: Multifocal ERG is a novel technique, very well suited to reveal the topography of cone function. Using two-color threshold perimetry affords an opportunity to differentiate between rod and cone functional defects. Both together helped to establish the diagnosis of macular cone dystrophy in the present family.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This report describes ocular findings obtained in four patients from three families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) due to missense mutations in the rhodopsin gene. Phenotypes were characterized by standard ophthalmologic examinations, visual fields, electroretinography (ERG), dark adaptation, and two-color dark-adapted threshold perimetry. Two patients aged 38 and 45 years, respectively, from a family with the Cys110Phe mutation showed mild fundus changes without bone spicules as well as small arcuate scotomas in the inferior quadrants of their visual fields but displayed severe functional loss of rods and cones in the ERG. Two-color dark-adapted threshold perimetry revealed a regional type of degeneration. A 48-year-old patient with an Arg135Gly mutation had typical RP with concentrically narrowed visual fields and nondetectable ERG responses. Central visual functions were well preserved for a long time. Two-color dark-adapted threshold perimetry indicated a diffuse type of retinal degeneration. An 18-year-old patient with a GIn344stop mutation has been followed for 13 years. His ERG was clearly reduced at the age of 5 years; since that time, disease progression has been very slow. Currently, there are relatively mild alterations in visual acuity, rod sensitivity, and visual fields. Our findings confirm that there is a large phenotypic variety among patients with adRP and different rhodopsin mutations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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