Note: Front Cover -- Ocean Science Data -- Ocean Science Data: Collection, Management, Networking and Services -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Biographies -- ONE - Marine science: history and data archaeology -- One - A narrative of historical, methodological, and technological observations in marine science -- Introduction -- 17th century: Summum frigidum -- Sounding: Nuntius Inanimatus, Esplorator Distantiae -- Esplorator temperature -- Esplorator Qualitatum -- Specific gravity -- 18th century: Polar explorations -- Temperature -- Specific gravity and salinity -- Distilled water -- Marine zoology -- 19th century: A century of changes -- Deep sea soundings -- Temperature in the polar regions -- Specific gravity and salinity -- Marine zoology -- Surface currents -- Farthest north -- From physical geography of the sea to oceanography -- The birth of modern oceanography -- Crossing the north-west passage -- Lesson learned -- Best practices -- Importance of standards -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- TWO - Data services in ocean science -- Two - Data services in ocean science with a focus on the biology∗ -- Introduction -- Historical data -- Introduction -- Historical sources -- Reliability of historical data -- Unwritten, historical data -- In summary -- Research Data Life Cycle -- Phase 1-data acquisition: finding and creating data -- Phase 2-data curation: organizing and standardizing data and its associated metadata -- Phase 3-data publishing: data sharing, integration, and redistribution -- Phase 4-data processing: services and tools -- Phase 5-data use and reuse -- The Research Data Life Cycle in summary -- Essential variables: their relevance for policies and conventions -- Use cases and stories -- Before 1990: looking back into history … -- Newfoundland English cod fishery 1698-1832. , Rescuing legacy data from historical oceanographic expeditions -- The 1990s (1990-99) -- The 2000s (2000-09) -- Census of Marine Life -- Marine biodiversity ecosystem functioning -- The legacy of CoML and MarBEF -- The 2010s (2010-20) -- Toward the next decade: what are the challenges we are facing? -- In conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further reading -- Three - Data management infrastructures and their practices in Europe -- Introduction -- The importance of marine data -- Marine environmental monitoring services -- A global ocean observing system framework -- GOOS regional alliances-the European monitoring framework -- Data governance -- Data access and data interoperability -- Provenance and lineage -- Collection and discovery -- Data harmonization through brokering approaches -- FAIRness of data and related services -- Ocean data standards for processing data and metadata -- SeaDataNet ocean standards -- European directory services -- NERC vocabulary services -- SeaDataNet data formats -- Sensor web enablement (SWE) -- The marine data management landscape -- The European initiatives -- Cloud infrastructure -- EMODnet-European Marine Observation and Data network -- EMODnet Bathymetry -- EMODnet Chemistry -- EMODnet Ingestion -- Fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose infrastructure -- Further attention to land-sea interface -- Support to Water Framework Directive -- Support to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive -- An operational fit-for-use infrastructure: EMODnet Physics -- Data collection -- Data sources -- Data processing -- Data publishing and data dissemination channels -- Data format reference -- New challenges -- ENVRI-FAIR -- European Open Science Cloud -- Pilot Blue-Cloud -- Green Deal and Digital Twin of the Ocean -- Conclusion and recommendations -- Recommendations -- References -- THREE - Society-driven data and co-production. , Four - A collaborative framework among data producers, managers, and users -- Introduction -- Data cycle and data collection -- Historical data: the GODAR project -- Evolution of quality paradigms -- Data infrastructures -- Data flow -- Online data services and coproduction -- Gridded products -- Observation-only gridded products -- Challenges to create gridded data products -- General concepts and methods -- Uncertainty of gridded products -- Example workflow for gridded product generation in SeaDataNet and EMODnet -- Satellite products -- Satellite-based sea surface temperature retrieval -- SST products examples -- Ocean reanalysis -- Societal challenges products -- Bathymetric maps -- Pollution products -- Human activity products -- Products quality and transparency -- Product quality assessment -- Data quality dimensions -- The EMODnet checkpoints -- Toward an ocean service based on essential ocean variables -- Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- FOUR - Education -- Five - Connecting marine data to society -- Introduction -- EMODnet: a marine knowledge broker for society -- EMODnet Seabed Habitats' EUSeaMap: an integrated, multidisciplinary data product for research, policy, and ecosystem-based ... -- Application for policy and ecosystem-based management -- Wider data visualization tools and applications -- Marine data visualization for assessing blue economy human activity during COVID-19 -- Virtual nature -- The European Atlas of the Seas: an EU online communication tool for an increasingly blue, ocean literate society -- Marine and coastal maps for society, powered by open access data and science -- European Atlas of the Seas: Educational activities, ocean literacy, and possible applications -- Catalyzing and mobilizing citizens through ocean literacy -- Digital tools for EU4Ocean -- International context of ocean literacy. , Marine data visualization for science communication and storytelling -- Hackathons: innovating marine data and solutions by society, for society -- Toward a transparent, accessible, and digital ocean -- The rise of big data -- Marine and wider environmental data for society in the digital era -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further reading -- Six - How can ocean science observations contribute to humanity? -- The importance of the ocean in the human environment -- Ocean data science -- Data adequacy -- Added value chain in ocean data science education -- An evolving science -- Mutual understanding -- Data enrichment -- From data to information/understanding -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- FIVE - Appendix -- Seven - Oceanography: a recent scientific discipline with ancient origins -- List of acronyms -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Back Cover.