Keywords:
Climatic changes -- Polar Regions -- History.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book presents a thorough and highly cross-disciplinary review of how the polar climates have changed over the last million years and sets recent changes within a long term perspective. It will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students in polar science, climatology, global change, meteorology, oceanography and glaciology.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (450 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781139141352
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=803006
DDC:
551.6911
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE POLAR REGIONS -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The environment of the polar regions -- 1.1.1 The Arctic -- 1.1.2 The Antarctic -- 1.2 The role of the polar regions in the global climate system -- 1.3 Possible implications of high latitude climate change -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 The Arctic -- 1.3.3 The Antarctic -- 2: Polar climate data and models -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Instrumental observations -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 Surface data -- 2.2.3 Upper air climate data -- 2.2.4 Ocean data -- 2.3 Meteorological analysis fields -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Numerical weather prediction models -- 2.3.3 Reanalyses -- 2.4 Remotely sensed data -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Satellite imagery -- 2.4.3 Satellite sounding data -- 2.5 Proxy climate data -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.2 Ice cores -- 2.5.3 Sediment cores -- 2.5.4 Dendrochronology -- 2.5.5 Dating of driftwood -- 2.5.6 Historical records -- 2.6 Models -- 2.6.1 Introduction -- 2.6.2 Climate models -- 2.6.3 Ice sheet models -- 3: The high latitude climates and mechanisms of change -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Factors influencing the broadscale climates of the polar regions -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 The radiation regime -- 3.2.3 The poleward heat flux -- 3.2.4 The atmospheric heat budgets of the polar regions -- 3.2.5 The water vapour budget -- 3.3 Processes of the high latitude climates -- 3.3.1 High latitude feedbacks and amplification -- 3.3.2 Air-sea-ice interactions -- 3.4 The mechanisms of high latitude climate change -- 3.4.1 Orbital and solar changes -- 3.4.2 Heinrich events -- 3.4.3 Dansgaard-Oeschger events -- 3.4.4 Atmospheric gases and aerosols -- 3.4.5 The effects of extra-polar climate variability -- 3.4.6 ENSO and the Pacific teleconnections.
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3.4.7 The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) and Antarctic dipole (ADP) -- 3.5 Atmospheric circulation -- 3.5.1 Arctic -- 3.5.2 The Antarctic -- 3.6 Temperature -- 3.6.1 Arctic -- 3.6.2 Antarctic -- 3.7 Cloud and precipitation -- 3.7.1 Cloud -- 3.7.2 Precipitation -- 3.8 Sea ice -- 3.8.1 The nature of sea ice -- 3.8.2 Sea ice motion -- 3.8.3 Climatological occurrence -- 3.9 The ocean circulation -- 3.9.1 The Arctic -- 3.9.2 Antarctic -- 3.10 Concluding remarks -- 4: The last million years -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 On the notation used -- 4.1.2 The frequency of ice ages -- 4.2 The Arctic -- 4.2.1 The period before Termination II (~130 kyr BP) -- 4.2.2 The last interglacial (130-115 kyr BP) -- 4.2.3 Later MIS 5: 107-75 kyr BP -- 4.2.4 MIS4 and MIS 3: 75-25 kyr BP -- 4.2.5 The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and MIS 1: 24-11.5 kyr BP -- 4.3 The Antarctic -- 4.3.1 The period before Termination V (1000-430 kyr BP) -- 4.3.2 Termination V (~430 kyr BP) -- 4.3.3 Terminations IV to II (~320 to ~138 kyr BP) -- 4.3.4 MIS 3 and 4 and Termination I -- 4.4 Linking high latitude climate change in the two hemispheres -- 5: The Holocene -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Forcing of the climate system during the Holocene -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Orbital changes -- 5.2.3 Solar output -- 5.2.4 Volcanic aerosols -- 5.3 Atmospheric circulation -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 The Arctic -- 5.3.3 The Antarctic -- 5.4 Temperature -- 5.4.1 Temperature variability over the Holocene -- 5.4.2 The Early Holocene - 11.7-5 kyr BP -- 5.4.3 The Mid Holocene - 5-3 kyr BP -- 5.4.4 The Late Holocene - 3 kyr BP to present -- 5.5 The ocean circulation -- 5.5.1 The Arctic -- 5.5.2 The Antarctic -- 5.6 Sea ice and sea surface temperatures -- 5.6.1 Introduction -- 5.6.2 The Arctic -- 5.6.3 The Antarctic -- 5.7 Atmospheric gases and aerosols -- 5.7.1 Well-mixed gases -- 5.7.2 Aerosols in the Arctic.
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5.7.3 Aerosols in the Antarctic -- 5.8 The cryosphere, precipitation and sea level -- 5.8.1 Introduction -- 5.8.2 The major ice sheets -- 5.8.3 Glaciers -- 5.8.4 Ice shelves -- 5.8.5 Sea level -- 5.8.6 Permafrost -- 5.9 Concluding remarks -- 6: The instrumental period -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The main meteorological elements -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 The Arctic -- 6.2.3 The Antarctic -- 6.3 Changes in the atmospheric circulation -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 The Arctic -- 6.3.3 Antarctic -- 6.4 The ocean environment -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 The Arctic -- 6.4.3 The Antarctic -- 6.5 Sea ice -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Sea ice extent and concentration -- 6.5.3 Sea ice thickness -- 6.6 Snow cover -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 The Arctic -- 6.6.3 The Antarctic -- 6.7 Permafrost -- 6.7.1 Introduction -- 6.7.2 The Arctic -- 6.7.3 The Antarctic -- 6.8 Atmospheric gases and aerosols -- 6.8.1 Introduction -- 6.8.2 Well-mixed gases -- 6.8.3 Pollution -- 6.8.4 Stratospheric ozone -- 6.9 Terrestrial ice and sea level -- 6.9.1 Introduction -- 6.9.2 The ice sheets -- 6.9.3 Glaciers -- 6.9.4 Ice shelves -- 6.9.5 Sea level -- 6.10 Attribution of recent changes -- 6.10.1 The Arctic -- 6.10.2 The Antarctic -- 6.11 Concluding remarks -- 7: Predictions for the next 100 years -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Possible future greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the IPCC models -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 The IPCC greenhouse gas emission scenarios -- 7.2.3 The climate models used to produce the twenty-first century projections -- 7.3 Changes in the atmospheric circulation and the modes of climate variability -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 The Arctic -- 7.3.3 The Antarctic -- 7.4 The main meteorological elements -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- 7.4.2 Projected global changes -- 7.4.3 The Arctic -- 7.4.4 The Antarctic -- 7.5 The ocean circulation and water masses.
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7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 The Arctic -- 7.5.3 The Antarctic -- 7.5.4 The carbon cycle -- 7.6 Sea ice -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 The Arctic -- 7.6.3 The Antarctic -- 7.7 Seasonal snow cover and the terrestrial environment -- 7.7.1 Introduction -- 7.7.2 The Arctic -- 7.7.3 The Antarctic -- 7.8 Permafrost -- 7.8.1 Introduction -- 7.8.2 The Arctic -- 7.8.3 The Antarctic -- 7.9 Atmospheric gases and aerosols -- 7.9.1 Introduction -- 7.9.2 Stratospheric ozone -- 7.10 Terrestrial ice, the ice shelves and sea level -- 7.10.1 Introduction -- 7.10.2 Terrestrial ice and sea level -- 7.10.3 Ice shelves -- 7.10.4 A summary of projected global sea level changes -- 7.11 Concluding remarks -- 8: Summary and future research needs -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Gaining improved understanding of past climate change -- 8.2.1 The instrumental period -- 8.2.2 The Holocene -- 8.2.3 The last one million years -- 8.3 Modelling the high latitude climate system -- 8.4 Data required -- 8.4.1 In-situ data -- 8.4.2 Proxy data -- 8.4.3 Satellite data -- 8.4.4 Reanalysis fields -- 8.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- Index.
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