Note: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Section A - Whooping Cranes Past and Present -- Chapter 1 - Whooping Cranes Past and Present -- Introduction -- Two Eras of Whooping Crane Conservation -- First Era (Before 1950) -- Second Era (1950-Present) -- Looking Ahead, and the Contents of This Volume -- References -- Chapter 2 - Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Cranes and the Evolutionary Origin of the Whooping Crane -- Introduction -- Crane Classification Prior to Phylogenetic Studies -- Phylogenetic Systematics of Gruidae: Identifying the Closest Living Relatives of Cranes -- Phylogenetic Relationships Among Cranes -- Phylogenetic Position of the Whooping Crane -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3 - Revisiting the Historic Distribution and Habitats of the Whooping Crane -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Updating Allen's Historic Distribution -- Biome Affiliations -- Ecoregion Affiliations -- Discussion -- Habitat Attributes Important to Life Strategies -- Redefining Allen's Niche Description -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix -- Section B - Population and Breeding Biology -- Chapter 4 - Population and Breeding Range Dynamics in the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Crane Population -- Introduction -- Using Integrated Population Models to Assess Whooping Crane Population Dynamics -- Integrated Population Models -- Data Sets Used in the IPM -- IPM Development -- Estimation of Model Demographic Rates -- Model Implementation -- Assessment of Effects of Predators and Egg Collection on Fledge Rates -- Assessment of breeding range dynamics -- Population and Breeding Range Dynamics of Whooping Cranes in the AWBP -- Population Growth and Age Structure -- Relationship Between Predator Population Growth and Reproductive Output. , Contributions of the Demographic Rates to Population Growth -- Effects of Egg Collecting on Population-Level Productivity -- Breeding Range Dynamics -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 - Monitoring Recruitment and Abundance of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population of Whooping Cranes: 1950-2015 -- Introduction -- Objectives: Form Follows Function -- 1950-94 -- 1995-2010 -- 2011-Present -- Survey Area -- 1950-2010 -- 2011-Present -- Data Collection/Survey Timing -- 1950-2010 -- 2011-Present -- Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 1950-2010 -- 2011-Present -- Objectives 1 and 4 -- Objectives 2 and 3 -- Objective 5 -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6 - Mortality in Aransas-Wood Buffalo Whooping Cranes: Timing, Location, and Causes -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Timing of Mortality -- Cause-Specific Mortality -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 - Population Dynamics of Reintroduced Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- The Florida Nonmigratory Population -- Modeling Methods -- Structuring and Planning Models -- Obtaining Parameter Estimates from Data -- Filling Information Gaps Using Expert Judgment -- Constructing Models -- Using Models to Evaluate Action Alternatives -- Demographic Modeling Results -- Parameter Estimates -- Evaluating Management Effects on Persistence -- Decision Analysis and Outcome -- The Eastern Migratory Population -- Modeling Methods -- Structuring and Planning Models -- Obtaining Parameter Estimates from Data -- Filling Information Gaps Using Expert Judgment -- Constructing Models -- Using Models to Evaluate Action Alternatives -- Demographic Modeling Results -- Parameter Estimates -- Population Viability Analysis -- Evaluating Management Effects on Persistence -- Decision Analysis and Outcome -- Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments. , References -- Chapter 8 - Reproductive Failure in the Eastern Migratory Population: The Interaction of Research and Management -- Introduction -- Value of Information Workshop: 2009 -- Studying Black Fly Effects on Nest Success: 2009-13 -- Identifying an Optimal Reintroduction Strategy: 2012-13 -- Value of Information Workshop: 2015 -- Methods: 2015 Workshop -- Results: 2015 Workshop -- Discussion: 2015 Workshop -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Chapter 9 - Florida's Nonmigratory Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- Background -- Releases -- Survival -- Reproduction -- Territories -- Pair Bonds -- Nesting and Nest Defense -- Laying and Incubation -- Hatching and Fledging Information -- Ending FNMP Reintroduction -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section C - Behavior and Social Structure -- Chapter 10 - Pairing Dynamics of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- Objectives and Approach -- Methods -- Definitions -- Study Areas -- Monitoring -- Results -- Sex Ratio in the Central Wisconsin Core -- Nonbreeding Individuals and Pairs -- Pair Formation and Group Effects -- Breeding Pairs -- Geographic Location and Seasonal Pattern of Pair Formation and Dissolution -- Discussion -- Age and Frequency of Pair Formation and Dissolution -- Location and Season of Pairing -- Importance of a Core Area to Pairing in a Reintroduced Population -- Pairing within Groups -- Reintroduction Techniques -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 - Movement Ecology of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- Methods -- Data Set -- Analysis of LTM Data -- Seasonal Site Definitions -- Land Cover Data Sets -- Arrival and Departure Dates -- Analysis of Social Learning of Migration -- EMP Whooping Crane Movements and Migration. , An Overview of Whooping Crane Space Use -- Seasonal Sites -- Summer -- Winter -- Temporal Aspects of Whooping Crane Migration -- Migration Routes -- Social Learning of Migratory Performance in Whooping Cranes -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 - Ecological Energetics of Whooping Cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population -- Introduction -- Review: Ecological Energetics of Whooping Cranes -- The Relevance of Ecological Energetics to Conservation of Whooping Cranes -- Scope -- Energy Requirements of Whooping Cranes -- How EMP Whooping Cranes Meet Energy Requirements -- Review Summary -- Energetics of Whooping Cranes on the Wintering Grounds -- Methods -- Introduction to the Model -- Microclimate Model Description and Parameterization -- Endotherm Model Description and Parameterization -- Postprocessing of Model Output -- Results -- General Patterns Across the Study Area -- Comparing Wintering Locations -- Discussion -- Energy Requirements Across the Wintering Range -- Model Sensitivity -- Summary and Outlook -- Wintering Whooping Cranes -- Ecological Energetics throughout the Annual Cycle -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix 1: - Details of Niche MapperTM Model Parameterization for Analysis of Wintering Whooping Crane Energetic Requirements -- Microclimate Model -- Model Postprocessing -- Appendix 2: - Model Input Parameters for Analysis of Wintering Whooping Crane Energetic Requirements -- Appendix 3: - Energy Available in Whooping Crane Food Items -- References -- Section D - Habitat Use -- Chapter 13 - Winter Habitat Ecology, Use, and Availability for the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population of Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- Interrelations of Geography, Climate, and Hydrology of Texas Estuaries -- Coastal Environments in the AWBP Winter Range -- Evaluating wintering habitat use by AWBP Whooping Cranes. , Time-activity allocations of wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes -- Diet of Wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes -- Spatial Habitat Requirements of Wintering AWBP Whooping Cranes -- Anthropogenic Factors Affecting Habitat Availability in the AWBP Wintering Range -- Climate Change Factors Affecting AWBP Recovery -- Historic and Future Changes in Sea-Level Rise -- Historic Changes in Black Mangrove Expansion from Increasing Temperatures -- Future Changes in Precipitation and Freshwater Inflows -- A Biocomplexity Framework for Addressing Climate Change -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 14 - Habitat Use by the Reintroduced Eastern Migratory Population of Whooping Cranes -- Introduction -- Methods -- Data Collection -- Habitat Composition and Use -- Results -- Home Range and Habitat Data during Summer -- Home Range and Habitat Data during Remigial Molt -- Discussion -- Habitat Use and Habitat Composition during Summer -- Nonterritorial Cranes -- Territorial Cranes -- Molting Cranes -- Habitat Use during Winter and Migration -- Winter -- Migration -- Landscape-Scale Habitat Experiment on Breeding Grounds in Wisconsin -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 - Ecological Implications of Habitat Use by Reintroduced and Remnant Whooping Crane Populations -- Introduction -- Notes on Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Summer Period -- Spacing Mechanisms -- Territorial Cranes -- Nonterritorial Cranes -- Habitat Use -- Molt -- Winter Period -- Winter Spacing and Habitat Use Behavior -- Remnant Population -- Reintroduced Populations -- Changes in Winter Crane Behavior and Future Winter Habitat Management -- Migration Period -- AWBP -- EMP -- Emerging Threats and Opportunities for Future Habitat Use -- Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section E - Captive Breeding and Whooping Crane Health. , Chapter 16 - Advances in Conservation Breeding and Management of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana).