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  • 1
    In: Marine geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1964, 254(2008), 1/2, Seite 107-120, 1872-6151
    In: volume:254
    In: year:2008
    In: number:1/2
    In: pages:107-120
    Description / Table of Contents: We use new swath bathymetry data acquired during the RV Sonne cruise GEOPECO and complement them with swath data from adjacent regions to analyse the morphotectonics of the Peruvian convergent margin. The Nazca plate is not covered with sediments and therefore has a rough surface along the entire Peruvian trench. The styles of roughness differ significantly along the margin with linear morphological features trending in various directions, most of them oblique to the trench and roughness magnitudes of a few to several hundred meters. The lower slope is locally very rough and at the verge of failure throughout the entire Peruvian margin, as a result of subduction erosion causing the lower slope to over-steepen. Using curvature attributes to quantitatively examine the morphology in the Yaquina and Mendaña areas revealed that the latter shows a larger local roughness both seaward and landward of the trench. However, the amplitude of morphological roughness is larger in the Yaquina area. We identified a 125 km2 large slump on the Lima middle slope. Morphometric dating suggests an age of 74,500 years within 35 to 40% error. Estimated incision rates on the upper slope are between 0.1 and 0.3 mm/yr suggesting that landscape evolution on the Peruvian submarine continental slope is similarly slow than that in the Atacama desert.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1872-6151
    Language: English
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  • 2
    In: Geowissenschaften, Berlin : Ernst & Sohn, 1988, 15(1997), 9, Seite 273-277, 0933-0704
    In: volume:15
    In: year:1997
    In: number:9
    In: pages:273-277
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISSN: 0933-0704
    Language: German
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  • 3
    In: Geophysical journal international, Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 1958, 159(2004), 2, Seite 749-764, 1365-246X
    In: volume:159
    In: year:2004
    In: number:2
    In: pages:749-764
    Description / Table of Contents: Active seismic investigations along the Pacific margin off Peru were carried out using ocean bottom hydrophones and seismometers. The structure and the P-wave velocities of the obliquely subducting oceanic Nazca Plate and overriding South American Plate from 8°S to 15°S were determined by modelling the wide-angle seismic data combined with the analysis of reflection seismic data. Three detailed cross-sections of the subduction zone of the Peruvian margin and one strike-line across the Lima Basin are presented here. The oceanic crust of the Nazca Plate, with a thin pelagic sediment cover, ranging from 0-200 m, has an average thickness of 6.4 km. At 8°S it thins to 4 km in the area of Trujillo Trough, a graben-like structure. Across the margin, the plate boundary can be traced to 25 km depth. As inferred from the velocity models, a frontal prism exists adjacent to the trench axis and is associated with the steep lower slope. Terrigeneous sediments are proposed to be transported downslope due to gravitational forces and comprise the frontal prism, characterized by low seismic P-wave velocities. The lower slope material accretes against a backstop structure, which is defined by higher seismic P-wave velocities, 3.5-6.0 km s-1. The large variations in surface slope along one transect may reflect basal removal of upper plate material, thus steepening the slope surface. Subduction processes along the Peruvian margin are dominated by tectonic erosion indicated by the large margin taper, the shape and bending of the subducting slab, laterally varying slope angles and the material properties of the overriding continental plate. The erosional mechanisms, frontal and basal erosion, result in the steepening of the slope and consequent slope failure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 118 S , graph. Darst
    Language: German
    Note: Bonn, Univ., Diss. : 1992
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  • 5
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Neuseeland ; Konvergente Plattengrenze ; Tiefseeberg ; Subduktion ; Gashydrate ; Submarine Gleitung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten, 3,64 MB) , Diagramme, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03G0247B [richtig] - 03G247B [falsch]. - Verbund-Nummer 01166211 , weitere Autoren dem Berichtsblatt entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 6
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Thüringer Becken ; Tiefbohrung ; Geothermik ; Unterirdische Lagerung
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (586 Seiten, 39,5 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03 IS 2091 A-C - 03IS2091F. - Verbund-Nummer 01074901 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Mit deutscher und englischer Zusammenfassung
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  • 7
    Keywords: Dissertation ; Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 Seiten = 15 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karten
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe 2023
    Language: English
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 227-239 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The intrusion of granitoid magmas is understood as a lower and mid crustal process. Field observations and laboratory experiments give strong reason that most granitoid plutons are formed by diapiric ascent and emplacement of large magma bodies. On this basis, the ascent and emplacement of granitoid magmas is modelled by two-dimensional finite element calculations. The physical concept for this process provides convective transport of matter and heat, an isolated finite source region, variable source temperatures as well as variable density and viscosity contrasts. The model calculations show that the structural development of the model intrusion bodies is highly dependent on the physical properties of the magma and its surroundings. The most important among them are density and viscosity. Due to the different initial conditions, stocks of several plutons in the case of high viscosity contrast or flat magma sources as well as nappe-shaped intrusion structures as a result of low viscosity contrast can be understood by the intrusive mode of emplacement. The enlargement of the negative density contrast leads to an increase of the rate of ascent, so that more advanced intrusion structures are developed.
    Abstract: Résumé L'intrusion des magmas granitoïdes est un processus qui intéresse la croûte inférieure et moyenne. Les observations de terrain et les expériences en laboratoire fournissent des arguments très sérieux en faveur de la formation des plutons par montée diapirique et mise en place de corps magmatiques de grandes dimensions. Sur base de cette conception, la montée et la mise en place de magmas granitoïdes a fait l'objet d'une modélisation par éléments finis à deux dimensions. Un tel modèle fait appel à un transport convectif de matière et de chaleur, à une région-source isolée de dimension finie, à une source de température variable ainsi qu' à divers contrastes de densité et de viscosité. Les calculs montrent que le développement structural des corps intrusifs ainsi modélisés dépend essentiellement des propriétés physiques du magma et de son encaissant, en particulier de la densité et de la viscosité. Etant données diverses conditions initiales, la modélisation rend compte de plusieurs types de culots plutoniques dans le cas de contrastes de viscosité élevés ou de sources de magma d'extension horizontale, ainsi que d'intrusions en forme de nappe dans le cas de faibles contrastes de viscosité. L'accroissement des contrastes de viscosité négatifs contribue à augmenter la vitesse d'ascension, ce qui permet le développement de structures d'intrusion plus évoluées.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Intrusion granitoider Magmen ist ein Prozeß der unteren und mittleren Kruste. Feldbefunde und Laboruntersuchungen geben Hinweise darauf, daß die meisten granitoiden Plutone durch diapirischen Aufstieg und Platznahme ausgedehnter Magmenkörper entstehen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden der Aufstieg und die Platznahme granitoider Magmen mit Hilfe von zweidimensionalen Finite Elemente Rechnungen modelliert. Das physikalische Konzept beinhaltet den konvektiven Transport von Masse und Energie, eine isolierte finite Quellregion, veränderliche Quelltemperaturen sowie einen variablen Dichte- und Viskositätskontrast. Die Modellrechnungen zeigen, daß die strukturelle Entwicklung der Modellmagmenkörper in hohem Maße von den physikalischen Parametern des Magmas und seiner Umgebung, vor allem Dichte und Viskosität, abhängt. Gemäß den unterschiedlichen Anfangsbedingungen können sowohl einige stockförmige Plutone im Falle eines hohen Viskositätskontrastes oder flacher Magmaquellen als auch deckenförmige Intrusionsstrukturen als Folge eines geringen Viskositätskontrastes mit Hilfe des intrusiven Einlagerungskonzeptes verstanden werden. Die Erhöhung des negativen Dichtekontrastes führt zu einer Erhöhung der Aufstiegsrate, so daß fortgeschrittenere Platznahmestrukturen erreicht werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: Scaled sandbox experiments with high basal friction, simulating the growth of accretionary wedges, display cycles alternating between frontal imbricate thrusting and underthrusting of long, undeformed sheets. By contrast, low basal friction experiments with otherwise similar and constant, initial conditions produce a classic frontal imbricate fan through repeated failure along frontal thrusts. The cyclical behavior observed in high basal friction experiments is expressed by three quantities: (1) the average spacing between frontal thrusts, (2) the advance and retreat of the deformation front, and (3) the frontal slope (Alpha) of the actively deforming wedge. As a long sheet is underthrust, the front is steepened through slumping until the maximum critical angle is reached. Then frontal thrusting resumes and the accretion of imbricate slices builds the wedge forward, thereby lowering the taper to the minimum critical angle. At shallow tapers, a long unit is underthrust and subsequently uplifts, shortens, and steepens the overlying wedge through backthrust deformation, thus completing the cycle. Underthrusting of long units offers a simple mechanism for underplating overlying units. It also provides a possible explanation for temporally and spatially varying wedge geometries in nature, when basal frictions attain 80%–90% of the internal friction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-06-10
    Description: New high-resolution swath bathymetry data show a complex seafloor morphology from the Rock Garden area, offshore Hikurangi Margin, that coincides with the subduction of a seamount presently located beneath the summit of Rock Garden. Another ridge-shaped lower plate feature is initially colliding with Rock Garden, forming a re-entrant at its seaward flank. The slopes of the accretionary ridges are steeper than 10° and often more than 20° regionally. Slumping mostly occurs on the trench-ward slopes, with individual slumps affecting areas up to several km2. Critical taper analysis, using realistic wedge geometries and fluid pressures scenarios, shows that much of the seaward slopes in the region are most likely outside the stability field and therefore subject to failure. The most prominent feature revealed by seafloor maps is the trench-ward flank of Rock Garden with a height of 1800 to 2000 m and an average slope of more than 10°. Extensional faults arranged in two sub-circular arcs indicate that Rock Garden may be on the verge of failure. Critical taper analysis also supports this claim and shows that if basal fluid pressure approaches lithostatic pressure, e.g. during a large Mw 〉 8 earthquakes, then a complete failure of the entire trench-ward flank of Rock Garden would potentially affect an area as large as 150 km2 and a rock volume of 150 to 170 km3. This worst case scenario would generate a tsunami wave some tens of meters high. Therefore, the observation that a number of seamounts are buried beneath the outer Hikurangi accretionary wedge suggests that a thorough assessment of these features needs to be undertaken and its results incorporated into tsunami hazard models for the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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