Note: Front Cover -- Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Biography -- Preface -- 1 - Overview: Clay Preparation, Properties, Modification -- 1. OVERVIEW ON CLAYS -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Crystal Structure and Classification of Clays -- 1.2.1 The Phyllitic Clays -- 1.2.2 The Fibrous Clays -- 1.2.3 The Interlayered Clays -- 1.3 Physicochemical Properties of Smectites -- 1.3.1 Specific Surface Areas -- 1.3.2 Cation Exchange Capacity -- 1.3.3 Swelling of Smectites -- 2. ORGANOMODIFICATION OF SMECTITE -- 2.1 Modification by Cation Exchange -- 2.1.1 Influence of the Hosting Structure and the Compensating Cation -- 2.1.2 Influence of the Type of Alkyl Ammonium Ion -- 2.1.3 Arrangement of Alkyl Ammonium Ions Between Sheets -- 2.1.4 Use of Phosphonium Salts -- 2.2 Adsorption of Polar Organic Molecules -- 2.3 Grafting of Organosilanes -- 2.4 Intercalation and Grafting of Diazonium Salts -- 2.5 Alternative Intercalants -- 2.6 Summary of Clay Modification Preprocessing for Formulation of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 3. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - An Overview of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Modification of Clay Particles -- 1.2 Preparation Methods for Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites -- 1.3 Possible Structures of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites -- 1.4 Classification of Clay Materials -- 2. POLYMER/MODIFIED NATURAL CLAY-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES -- 2.1 Smectite (2:1) Clay-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1.1 Montmorillonite-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1.2 Laponite-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1.3 Sepiolite-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1.4 Hectorite-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1.5 Bentonite-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.2 Rectorite (1:1) Clay-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.3 Kaolinite Clay (1:1)-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites. , 3. LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE-REINFORCED POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Multiscale Molecular Modeling of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MULTISCALE MOLECULAR MODELING -- 3. MULTISCALE SIMULATIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES -- 3.1 Atomistic Simulations of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites -- 3.2 Mesoscopic Simulations of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites -- 3.3 Finite Element Simulations of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites -- 4. RESULTS FROM MULTISCALE SIMULATIONS OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Clay-Polymer Composites: Design of Clay Polymer Nanocomposite by Mixing -- 1. MIXING -- 2. MIXING EQUIPMENT -- 3. CLAY-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES VIA MELT MIXING -- 4. CLAY-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES VIA SOLUTION MIXING -- 5. OVERVIEW OF MORPHOLOGY OF CLAY-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES -- 5.1 Clay Morphology in Rubber Matrix -- 5.2 Clay Morphology in Thermoplastic Matrix -- 5.3 Clay Morphology in Thermoset Matrix -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Chemical and Photochemical Routes Toward Tailor-Made Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites: Recent Progress and Future Pr ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SCOPE AND AIM -- 3. KEY FEATURES OF LAYERED CLAY -- 4. KEY FEATURES OF POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE CHARACTERIZATION -- 5. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES AND CLICK CHEMISTRY METHODS -- 6. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES AND RADICAL-MEDIATED POLYMERIZATION METHODS -- 7. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES AND TANDEM PREPARATION METHODS -- 8. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES AND RADICAL-MEDIATED PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION METHODS -- 9. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES AND MINIEMULSION METHODS -- 10. POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BESIDES RADICAL-MEDIATED POLYMERIZATION METHODS -- 11. FUTURE PROSPECTS -- 12. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. , 6 - Clay/Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENERAL PREPARATIVE METHODS -- 3. CLAY/POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITES -- 3.1 Synthesis, Characterization, Morphology, and Potential Applications -- 3.1.1 Electropolymerization -- 3.1.2 Oxidative Polymerization -- 3.1.3 Photopolymerization -- 3.1.4 Synthesis Conditions and Figures of Merit of Selected Clay/Polypyrrole Systems -- 4. CLAY/POLYANILINE NANOCOMPOSITES -- 4.1 Oxidative Electropolymerization -- 4.2 Oxidative Chemical Polymerization -- 4.3 Applications of Clay/Polyaniline Systems -- CASE STUDY 1: CONDUCTIVE, EXFOLIATED CLAY/POLYANILINE NANOCOMPOSITE FILLER -- CASE STUDY 2: OMMT/PANI FILMS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF METAL IONS -- 5. CLAY/POLYTHIOPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES -- 5.1 Synthesis, Characterization, Morphology, and Potential Applications -- 5.1.1 Oxidative Polymerization -- 5.1.2 Electropolymerization -- 5.1.3 Sonochemical Polymerization -- 5.1.4 Self-assembly -- 5.1.5 Summary of Synthesis Conditions and Properties of Selected Clay/Polythiophene and Clay/PEDOT Nanocomposites -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Bionanocomposites -- 1. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIONANOCOMPOSITES -- 2. PREPARATION OF BIONANOCOMPOSITES -- 3. APPLICATIONS AS GREEN MATERIALS -- 3.1 Bionanocomposites Based on Polylactide -- 4. APPLICATIONS AS SPECIALTIES -- 4.1 Bionanocomposites Based on Collagen -- 4.2 Bionanocomposites Based on Hydroxyapatite -- 4.3 Cellulose Bionanocomposites -- 4.4 Bionanocomposites Based on Chitosan and Chitin -- 4.5 Bionanocomposites Based on Proteins -- 4.6 Bionanocomposites Based on Synthetic Amino Acid-Based Biodegradable Polymer -- 5. OTHER BIONANOCOMPOSITES -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Organoclay Hybrid Films With Improved Functionality -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORGANOCLAY HYBRID FILM PREPARATION TECHNIQUES. , 3. LANGMUIR-BLODGETT TECHNIQUE -- 4. LAYER-BY-LAYER SELF-ASSEMBLED TECHNIQUE -- 5. DROP CASTING AND SPIN COATING -- 6. BULK-SIZED CLAY-DYE HYBRID SELF-STANDING FILM -- 7. REACTION KINETICS AND ORGANIZATION OF MOLECULES ONTO ORGANOCLAY HYBRID FILMS -- 8. FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE ORGANOCLAY HYBRID SYSTEM -- 9. NONLINEAR OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF ORGANOCLAY HYBRID FILMS -- 10. OTHER APPLICATIONS -- 11. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- 9 - NMR Spectroscopy of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 1. CLAY-POLYMER INTERFACE -- 1.1 Clay Dispersion -- 1.2 Clay-Polymer Interactions -- 2. PROPERTIES OF POLYMER DOMAINS -- 2.1 Phase and Conformational Properties -- 2.2 Dynamic Properties -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Neutron Scattering on Different States of Polymer-Clay Compounds: From Solution to Dry States -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SCATTERING TECHNIQUES -- 3. SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING AND WIDE ANGLE SCATTERING -- 3.1 Absolute Calibration -- 3.2 The Born Approximation -- 4. THE SCATTERING OF SIMPLE PARTICLES -- 5. MORE COMPLICATED, BUT LESS SPECIFIC STRUCTURES -- 6. THE ROLE OF THE STRUCTURE FACTOR -- 6.1 Structure Factors for Clay Systems -- 7. POLYMER SCATTERING -- 7.1 Confined Polymers -- 8. CONTRAST VARIATION -- 9. RESOLUTION AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION -- 10. DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX FLUIDS CONTAINING CLAY PARTICLES -- 11. SUMMARY -- 12. APPENDIX -- REFERENCES -- 11 - Surface Analysis of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY -- 2.1 Basic Principles of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 2.1.1 Photoionization and Relaxation -- 2.1.2 Surface Specificity of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 2.1.3 Quantification -- 2.1.4 Mounting and Analysis of Specimens -- 2.2 Spectral Examination and Analysis -- 2.2.1 Survey Regions for Qualitative Elemental Analysis -- 2.2.2 Narrow Regions: Chemical Shifts. , 2.3 Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 2.3.1 Effect of Cation Exchange of Clay -- 2.3.2 Calcination and Carbonization -- 2.3.3 Abrasion of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposite Films -- 3. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUES -- 3.1 Basic Principles -- 3.2 Data Collection of Main Bands in Clays and Clay Hybrids -- 3.3 Selected Applications of ATR-DRIFT Techniques -- 4. INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 4.1 Importance of IGC in the Study of the Molecular Interactions of Materials -- 4.2 Determination of London Dispersive Interactions -- 4.3 Determination of Lewis Acid-Base Interactions -- 4.4 Assessment of the Surface Roughness Using Branched Alkanes -- 4.5 Surface Thermodynamic Data Collection -- 5. CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYS AND POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BY NITROGEN PHYSISORPTION -- 5.1 Introduction to Nitrogen Physisorption Measurements -- 5.2 Principles of Nitrogen Physisorption Measurements -- 5.3 Application of Nitrogen Physisorption Measurements to Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 6. OTHER TECHNIQUES -- 7. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNIQUES -- 8. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites -- 1. IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES -- 1.1 Introduction to Dynamic Mechanical Analysis -- 1.2 Basic Dynamic Properties and Their Significance -- 1.3 Consequential Features Derived From Basic Properties of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis -- 1.4 Effect of Various Parameters on Dynamic Properties of Polymers and Their Composites -- 1.4.1 Effect of Frequency and Amplitude -- 1.4.2 Effect of Humidity -- 1.4.3 Creep Phenomenon -- 1.5 Applications -- 1.5.1 Interaction Between Filler and Matrix -- 1.5.2 Predicting the Curing Behavior of Thermosets -- 1.5.3 Selection of a Material for a Particular Application. , 1.5.4 Minimizing Run Time Using Time-Temperature Superpositioning.