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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Phosphomolybdic Acid from Phosphoric Acid and Molybdic Trioxide (1948)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 20 (1948), S. 382-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60016a038
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products in the pathology of furunculosis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The extracellular products (ECP) of Aeromonas salmonicida, prepared by the cellophane overlay method, are lethal to rainbow trout when administered parenterally. Sublethal doses when injected i.p. or i.m. are shown to reproduce all the lesions that have been described in the literature as being associated with furunculosis. In addition, meningitis may be an important feature of furunculosi s and is reproduced by injection of ECP. A serum factor, probably an α-globulin, present in normal serum of rainbow trout, is capable of neutralizing the toxic effects of ECP. The pathology is discussed with reference to the proteolytic and leucocidal properties of the ECP and its effects upon the eosinophilic granular cells which are caused to disperse and degranulate with the possible release of histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1981.tb01108.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquaculture antibacterials are antagonized by seawater cations (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00338.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of haem compounds by Aeromonas salmonicida (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The ability of A-layer-positi ve (A+) and A-layer-negative (A−) strains of Aeromonas salmonicida to utilize haem sources of iron under conditions of iron-restriction was evaluated. In a plate bioassay, only A+ strains of A. salmonicida were able to utilize haem from a variety of sources including haem, haemin, myoglobin, haemoglobin, haemoglobin- haptoglobin and haem-albumin complexes. Trypsin-digestion of whole cells abolished haem- binding, indicating that binding was cell-surface associated, involving a protein binding site or receptor. Competitive binding studies indicated that all haem compounds were bound by a common receptor, which was not iron-regulated and was associated with the presence of the 49-kDa A-layer protein. The ability of both typical A+ (siderophore-positive) and atypical A+ (siderophore-negative) strains to utilize haem indicated that the mechanism of haem utilization was not siderophore-mediated and that A. salmonicida possesses both siderophore-dependent and siderophore-independent mechanisms to overcome iron-restricted conditions encountered in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00232.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The humoral immune response of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and rabbits to Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Controversy exists concerning the efficacy of vaccinating fish against furunculosis. Where success is claimed, there has been little attempt to characterize the protective antigens or confirm their immunogenicity. In this report, the immunogenicity of native extracellular products (ECP) of Aeromonas salmonicida and a formalin-inactivated toxoid of ECP (f-ECP) was studied in rainbow trout and rabbits, with particular attention to the putative bacterial virulence factors protease and haemolysin. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis and Protein-A absorption, antibodies to seven ECP components were detected in the rabbit following immunization with native ECP; antihaemolysin antibodies were found but antibodies to the protease could not be detected. Antibodies to at least 14 components of ECP, including haemotysin and protease, were detected in the rabbit following immunization with f-ECP. In trout immunized either with native ECP or f-ECP, antibodies to only four ECP antigens were detected and no antibodies to haemolysin or protease were found. The results may explain previous reports that passive immunization with rabbit antisera gave superior protection against furunculosis compared with antisera raised in fish, and indicate that many extracellular antigens of A. salmonicida may require modification in order to improve their immunogenicity in fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1988.tb00534.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activities of oxolonic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against Aeromonas salmonicida (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Oxolinic acid and two new fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Aeromonas salmonicida. Although oxolinic acid was as active as ciprofloxacin in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fluoroquinolones were significantly more active in terms of their ability to kill both oxolinic acid sensitive and resistant strains of A. salmonicida. Furthermore, the fluorinated drugs were active against non-dividing A. salmonicida. It would appear worthwhile to carry out further investigations with fluoroquinolones as they may be more effective in treating A. salmonicida infections than the current regime of oxolinic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1990.tb00796.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in outer membrane proteins identified in a clinical isolate of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00665.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoroquinolones display rapid bactericidal activity and low mutation frequencies against Aeromonas salmonicida (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Oxolinic acid and five new fluoroquinolones, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, PD127, 391, PD117, 596 and C1934, were evaluated for in vitro activity against Aeromonas salmonicida. Sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, PD127, 391 and PD117, 596 were significantly more active than cither oxolinic acid or C1934 in terms of their bactericidal activity against both oxolinic-acid-resistant and sensitive strains of A. salmonicida, killing 99% of the bacteria after 1h exposure. Resistant mutants developed at lower frequency to the fluoroquinolones than to oxolinic acid or oxytctracycline at 5, 10 and 20 times the MIC. However, mutants selected with one quinolone were cross-resistant to all the other quinolones tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00624.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amoxycillin resistance in Scottish isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Eighty isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, recovered from separate outbreaks of furunculosis in farmed and wild salmon in Scotland during 1988 and 1989, were examined for susceptibility to the β-lactam antibiotic amoxycillin. Susceptibility was determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All of the A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates investigated were susceptible to amoxycillin, with MICs of 0.30–1.50mg1-1. All of the A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes isolates tested were resistant to amoxycillin, with MICs in excess of 500mgl-1. The A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produced a β-lactamase enzyme with a pI of approximately 8.0. The enzyme was inducible and its production was unaffected by plasmid curing with ethidium bromide, suggesting that resistance was chromosomal rather than plasmid mediated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00231.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance – potential for consumer health risks (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As aquaculture has developed, a range of bacterial diseases have been encountered that have caused both major production problems and animal welfare difficulties. These diseases were initially controlled almost exclusively by the use of antimicrobial agents. Fish farming is now a sufficiently large and mature an industry to have justified the development of an effective range of vaccines that have largely supplanted the use of antimicrobial agents for most bacterial diseases in salmonid farming in Europe and North America. For most salmonid bacterial diseases, use of antimicrobial agents is now largely confined to emergency use in the event of breakdown of vaccine protection. In addition to the increasing availability of vaccines, aquaculture is steadily developing a range of improved husbandry methods to reduce the impact of disease. Although there is evidence that antibiotic resistance can be selected for in normal therapeutic use in aquaculture, the risks of transfer of such resistance to human consumers by any of the possible routes appears to be low. Where new species are under development for aquaculture and during the development of these species, bacterial diseases may be expected to occur that will need use of antimicrobials for disease control before vaccines can be developed. If antimicrobials were not available for use with new species, development would be likely to transfer to countries with poorer controls on antibiotic use. Use of antimicrobial agents in ornamental fish, particularly in some exporting countries, is significant, and evidence exists that multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria may be frequent in such animals. Although ornamental fish are not eaten, they do enter homes and are in close contact with humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1998.3320139.x
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