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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Mass-wasting. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers the geological, geophysical, engineering and environmental aspects of submarine slope failures. It focuses on understanding the full spectrum of challenges presented by this major coastal and offshore geohazard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (664 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319009728
    Series Statement: Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Series ; v.37
    DDC: 551.468
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Physical Properties of Sediments -- Chapter 1: Weak Layers: Their Definition and Classification from a Geotechnical Perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Weak Layer Definition -- 1.3 Weak Layer Observations -- 1.4 Classification System from a Geotechnical Approach -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Field Measurements to Investigate Submerged Slope Failures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Interpretation Methods of Field Measurements -- 2.2.1 Relative Density -- 2.2.2 State Parameter -- 2.3 Application on Test Locations -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Elemental Distribution and Microfabric Characterization Across a Buried Slump Scar: New Insights on the Long-Term Development and Reactivation of Scar Surfaces from a Microscopic Perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geological Setting -- 3.3 Investigation of Remineralization at the Unconformity -- 3.3.1 X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) -- 3.3.2 X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) -- 3.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) -- 3.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Evidence for Mass Transport Deposits at the IODP JFAST-Site in the Japan Trench -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background and Geological Setting -- 4.3 Material and Methods -- 4.3.1 Bathymetric Mapping -- 4.3.2 Sediment Core -- 4.3.2.1 Physical Properties -- 4.3.2.2 Pore-Water Analyses -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.5.1 Evidencing Mass Transport Deposits at the JFAST-Site -- 4.5.2 Estimating the Age of the MTD Formation -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Preliminary Investigations of Rheological Properties of Busan Clays and Possible Implications for DebrisFlow Modelling -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.3 Results. , 5.3.1 Rheological Behaviour of the Busan Clays -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Utilizing Cone Penetration Tests for Landslide Evaluation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Site Characterization -- 6.3 Methods -- 6.3.1 In-Situ CPT Measurements -- 6.3.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Static CPT -- 6.4.2 Vibratory CPT -- 6.4.3 Dissipation Test -- 6.4.4 Liquefaction Analysis with CLiq Software -- 6.5 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Geomechanical Characterization of Submarine Volcano-Flank Sediments, Martinique, Lesser Antilles Arc -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Geomechanical Characterization -- 7.3 Results -- 7.3.1 Summary of Hole Stratigraphy -- 7.3.2 Consolidation State -- 7.3.3 Hydraulic Conductivity -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part II Gas Hydrates and Role of Interstitial Fluids in Submarine Slope Failure -- Chapter 8: Interrelationship Between Sediment Fabric, Pore Volume Variations as Indicator for Pore Pressure Changes, and Sediment Shear Strength -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Method -- 8.3 Results -- 8.4 Discussion -- 8.4.1 Interplay: Sediment Strength and Pore Volume Changes -- 8.4.1.1 Effect of Grain Shape Complexity -- 8.4.2 Local Pore Volume Changes -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Slope Instability of Glaciated Continental Margins: Constraints from Permeability-Compressibility Tests and Hydrogeological Modeling Off Storfjorden, NW Barents Sea -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data and Methods -- 9.3 Results -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Baiyun Slide and Its Relation to Fluid Migration in the Northern Slope of Southern China Sea -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Geological Setting -- 10.3 Data and Methods -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 Morphology and Distribution of Baiyun Slide. , 10.4.2 Seismic Indications of Gas and Fluid Migration -- 10.4.2.1 Active Faults Related to Gas and Fluid Migration -- 10.4.2.2 Gas Chimneys -- 10.5 Discussion -- 10.5.1 Relationship Between Fluid Migration and Slope Stability -- 10.5.2 Possible Trigger Mechanisms -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Post-failure Processes on the Continental Slope of the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan: Interactions Between Fluid Seepage, Sediment Deformation and Sediment-Wave Construction -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methods -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Architecture and Age of MTDs and Slope Deposits -- 11.3.2 Seabed Sediment Undulations -- 11.3.3 Sediment Pathways -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 End-Members: Sediment Waves Versus Deformation Structures -- 11.4.2 Post-failure Slope Evolution -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Fluid Seepage in Relation to Seabed Deformation on the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan, Part 1: Evidence from Sidescan Sonar Data -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods -- 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 Erosional Furrows -- 12.3.2 Sediment Cracks -- 12.3.3 Carbonate Pavements -- 12.3.4 Hydroacoustic Flares -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.4.1 Mid-slope Domain: Focused Fluid Flow Through MTDs -- 12.4.2 Western Undulations: Fluid Flow Along Faults Rooted in MTDs -- 12.4.3 Eastern Undulations: Exhumation of Fossil Carbonates -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Fluid Seepage in Relation to Seabed Deformation on the Central Nile Deep-Sea Fan, Part 2: Evidence from Multibeam and Sidescan Imagery -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Faults and Fluid Indicators on Sub-bottom Profiles -- 13.3.2 Seabed Backscatter Anomalies at Differing Frequencies -- 13.3.3 Water Column Gas Flares -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.4.1 Growth and Burial of Carbonate Pavements -- 13.4.2 Fluid Migration Along Fault Planes -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References. , Part III Slope Stability and Risk Assessment -- Chapter 14: Advances in Offshore Seismic Slope Stability: A Case History -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Geomorphological and Geotechnical Data -- 14.2.1 Site Investigations -- 14.2.2 Geomorphological Setting -- 14.2.3 Geotechnical and Geophysical Data Integration -- 14.2.4 Soil Sampling -- 14.2.5 Advanced Laboratory Testing -- 14.3 Stability Analyses -- 14.3.1 Conventional Approach -- 14.3.2 Dynamic Approach -- 14.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Size-Frequency Relationship of Submarine Landslides at Convergent Plate Margins: Implications for Hazard and Risk Assessment -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Tectonic Setting of the MA and CC Convergent Margins -- 15.3 MA and CC Slumps and Slides: Observations and Data -- 15.4 Size-Frequency Relationships -- 15.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: A Numerical Investigation of Sediment Destructuring as a Potential Globally Widespread Trigger for Large Submarine Landslides on Low Gradients -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Destructuring of Cemented Hemipelagic Clay as a Source of Overpressure -- 16.1.2 Aims and Approach -- 16.2 Methodology -- 16.2.1 Material Model -- 16.2.2 Model Description -- 16.2.3 Assumptions and Limitations -- 16.3 Results -- 16.4 Discussion -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: How Stable Is the Nice Slope? - An Analysis Based on Strength and Cohesion from Ring Shear Experiments -- 17.1 Introduction and Geological Setting -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.2.1 Coring and Sedimentological Analysis -- 17.2.2 Shear Experiments with the Ring Shear Apparatus -- 17.2.3 Stability Assessment of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Sedimentological Analysis and Physical Properties -- 17.3.2 Frictional Behavior of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.3.3 Stability Assessment of the Nice Slope Sediments -- 17.4 Discussion. , References -- Chapter 18: Regional Slope Stability Assessment Along the Caucasian Shelf of the Black Sea -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Geological Engineering Conditions Along the Caucasian Shelf of the Black Sea -- 18.3 Methods -- 18.4 Regional Submarine Slope Stability Assessment Based on 1D Modelling -- 18.5 Local Submarine Slope Stability Assessment Based on 1D Modelling -- 18.5.1 Dzhubga -- 18.5.2 Novomikhailovsky -- 18.5.3 Tuapse -- 18.5.4 Ashe -- 18.5.5 Shahe -- 18.5.6 Dagomis -- 18.5.7 Kudepsta -- 18.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: A Semi-empirical Method to Assess Flow-Slide Probability -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Failure Mechanisms -- 19.2.1 Static Liquefaction -- 19.2.2 Breach Flow-Slide -- 19.3 Physical-Based Models -- 19.3.1 Static Liquefaction -- 19.3.2 Breach Flow-Slide -- 19.3.3 Applicability of Physical-Based Models -- 19.4 Empirical Method -- 19.4.1 Basic Information and Mean Flow-Slide Frequency -- 19.4.2 General Applicability to Other Regions in the Netherlands -- 19.4.3 Influence of Local Soil Characteristics and Slope Geometry -- 19.5 Semi-empirical Method -- 19.5.1 Determination of P(ZVliquefaction) -- 19.5.2 Determination of P(ZVbreachflow) -- 19.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 20: Submarine Slope Stability Assessment of the Central Mediterranean Continental Margin: The Gela Basin -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Geological Setting -- 20.3 Material and Methods -- 20.3.1 Shipboard and Laboratory Analysis -- 20.3.2 Overpressure Estimation -- 20.3.3 Slope Stability Analysis -- 20.4 Results -- 20.4.1 Physical and Geotechnical Properties -- 20.4.2 Slope Stability Analysis -- 20.5 Discussion -- 20.5.1 Preconditioning Factors -- 20.5.2 Triggering Factors -- 20.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV Monitoring, Observation and Repeated Surveys of Active Slope Failure Processes. , Chapter 21: The 1930 Landslide in Orkdalsfjorden: Morphology and Failure Mechanism.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Geography ; Oceanography ; Sedimentology ; Physical geography ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Meereskunde ; Massenbewegung
    Description / Table of Contents: Submarine mass movements are a hidden geohazard with large destructive potential for submarine installations and coastal areas. This hazard and associated risk is growing in proportion with increasing population of coastal urban agglomerations, industrial infrastructure, and coastal tourism. Also, the intensified use of the seafloor for natural resource production, and deep sea cables constitutes an increasing risk. Submarine slides may alter the coastline and bear a high tsunamogenic potential. There is a potential link of submarine mass wasting with climate change, as submarine landslides can uncover and release large amounts greenhouse gases, mainly methane, that are now stored in marine sediments. The factors that govern the stability of submarine slopes against failure, the processes that lead to slope collapses and the collapse processes by themselves need to be better understood in order to foresee and prepare society for potentially hazardous events. This book volume consists of a collection of cutting edge scientific research by international experts in the field, covering geological, geophysical, engineering and environmental aspects of submarine slope failures. The focus is on understanding the full spectrum of challenges presented by this major coastal and offshore geohazard
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XVI, 683 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9783319009711
    Series Statement: Advances in natural and technological hazards research 37
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben , Physical properties of sedimentsGas hydrates and role of interstitial fluids in submarine slope failure -- Slope stability and risk assessment -- Monitoring, observation and repeated surveys of active slope failure processes -- Understanding failure processes from submarine landslide geomorphology -- Interaction between ocean circulation and MTDs -- Landslide generated tsunamis -- Long-term record of submarine landslides and MTD paleoseismology -- Outcrops of ancient submarine landslides.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-08
    Description: The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected seas (NEAM). NEAMTHM18 was designed as a three-phase project. The first two phases were dedicated to the model development and hazard calculations, following a formalized decision-making process based on a multiple-expert protocol. The third phase was dedicated to documentation and dissemination. The hazard assessment workflow was structured in Steps and Levels. There are four Steps: Step-1) probabilistic earthquake model; Step-2) tsunami generation and modeling in deep water; Step-3) shoaling and inundation; Step-4) hazard aggregation and uncertainty quantification. Each Step includes a different number of Levels. Level-0 always describes the input data; the other Levels describe the intermediate results needed to proceed from one Step to another. Alternative datasets and models were considered in the implementation. The epistemic hazard uncertainty was quantified through an ensemble modeling technique accounting for alternative models’ weights and yielding a distribution of hazard curves represented by the mean and various percentiles. Hazard curves were calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI) distributed at an average spacing of ∼20 km. Precalculated probability maps for five maximum inundation heights (MIH) and hazard intensity maps for five average return periods (ARP) were produced from hazard curves. In the entire NEAM Region, MIHs of several meters are rare but not impossible. Considering a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (ARP≈2,475 years), the POIs with MIH 〉5 m are fewer than 1% and are all in the Mediterranean on Libya, Egypt, Cyprus, and Greece coasts. In the North-East Atlantic, POIs with MIH 〉3 m are on the coasts of Mauritania and Gulf of Cadiz. Overall, 30% of the POIs have MIH 〉1 m. NEAMTHM18 results and documentation are available through the TSUMAPS-NEAM project website (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/), featuring an interactive web mapper. Although the NEAMTHM18 cannot substitute in-depth analyses at local scales, it represents the first action to start local and more detailed hazard and risk assessments and contributes to designing evacuation maps for tsunami early warning.
    Description: The NEAMTHM18 was prepared in the framework of the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/) funded by the mechanism of the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations with grant no. ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26 (https://ec.europa.eu/echo/funding-evaluations/financing-civil-protection-europe/selected-projects/probabilistic-tsunami-hazard_en). The work by INGV authors also benefitted from funding by the INGV-DPC Agreement 2012-2021 (Annex B2).
    Description: Published
    Description: 616594
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment ; earthquake-generated tsunami ; hazard uncertainty analysis ; ensemble modeling ; maximum inundation height ; NEAM ; 05.08. Risk ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-10-01
    Description: European-Union Civil Protection Mechanism, DG-ECHO, Agreement Number: ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Europe ; NEAM ; Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean Sea ; Aegean Sea ; Marmara Sea ; Black Sea ; earthquake ; tsunami ; moment magnitude ; crustal fault ; subduction interface ; megathrust ; probabilistic hazard model ; natural hazard ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; 05.08. Risk ; 04.06. Seismology ; 03.02. Hydrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: Applying probabilistic methods to infrequent but devastating natural events is intrinsically challenging. For tsunami analyses, a suite of geophysical assessments should be in principle evaluated because of the different causes generating tsunamis (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, meteorological events, and asteroid impacts) with varying mean recurrence rates. Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analyses (PTHAs) are conducted in different areas of the world at global, regional, and local scales with the aim of understanding tsunami hazard to inform tsunami risk reduction activities. PTHAs enhance knowledge of the potential tsunamigenic threat by estimating the probability of exceeding specific levels of tsunami intensity metrics (e.g., run-up or maximum inundation heights) within a certain period of time (exposure time) at given locations (target sites); these estimates can be summarized in hazard maps or hazard curves. This discussion presents a broad overview of PTHA, including (i) sources and mechanisms of tsunami generation, emphasizing the variety and complexity of the tsunami sources and their generation mechanisms, (ii) developments in modeling the propagation and impact of tsunami waves, and (iii) statistical procedures for tsunami hazard estimates that include the associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. Key elements in understanding the potential tsunami hazard are discussed, in light of the rapid development of PTHA methods during the last decade and the globally distributed applications, including the importance of considering multiple sources, their relative intensities, probabilities of occurrence, and uncertainties in an integrated and consistent probabilistic framework.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1158–1198
    Description: 5T. Modelli di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-01-17
    Description: The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-East Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected Seas (NEAM). In this online data product, the hazard results are provided by hazard curves calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI), distributed in the North-East Atlantic (1,076 POIs), the Mediterranean Sea (1,130 POIs), and the Black Sea (137 POIs) at an average spacing of ~20 km. For each POI, hazard curves are given for the mean, 2nd, 16th, 50th, 84th, and 98th percentiles. Maps derived from hazard curves are Probability maps for Maximum Inundation Heights (MIH) of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 meters; Hazard maps for Average Return Periods (ARP) of 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 years. For each map, precalculated displays are provided for the mean, the 16th percentile, and the 84th percentile. All data are also made accessible through an interactive web mapper and through Open Geospatial Consortium standard protocols. The model was prepared in the framework of the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/) funded by the mechanism of the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (grant no. ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26).
    Description: European-Union Civil Protection Mechanism, DG-ECHO, Agreement Number ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Keywords: Europe ; NEAM ; Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean Sea ; Aegean Sea ; Marmara Sea ; Black Sea ; earthquake ; tsunami ; moment magnitude ; crustal fault ; subduction interface ; megathrust ; probabilistic hazard model ; natural hazard ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; 05.08. Risk ; 04.06. Seismology ; 03.02. Hydrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: Tsunamis are unpredictable and infrequent but potentially large impact natural disasters. To prepare, mitigate and prevent losses from tsunamis, probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods have been developed and have proved useful. However, large gaps and uncertainties still exist and many steps in the assessment methods lack information, theoretical foundation, or commonly accepted methods. Moreover, applied methods have very different levels of maturity, from already advanced probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for earthquake sources, to less mature probabilistic risk analysis. In this review we give an overview of the current state of probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analysis. Identifying research gaps, we offer suggestions for future research directions. An extensive literature list allows for branching into diverse aspects of this scientific approach.
    Description: Published
    Description: 628772
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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