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  • 1
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Biology_xData processing ; Computer science ; Computer software ; Computer Science ; Konferenzschrift 1996 ; Problemlösen ; Parallelverarbeitung ; Evolutionsstrategie ; Neuronales Netz ; Genetischer Algorithmus ; Simulated annealing
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9783540706687
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1141
    DDC: 006.3
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    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Quantum statistics. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (279 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030057343
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics Series ; v.953
    DDC: 530.13300000000004
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Reference -- Contents -- 1 Basic Physics of Gases and Plasmas -- 1.1 Matter in Form of Gases and Plasmas -- 1.2 Basic Physics of Gases -- 1.2.1 Classical Gas Laws -- 1.2.2 Third Law of Thermodynamics and the Roots of Quantum Statistics -- 1.3 Basic Physics of Plasmas -- 1.3.1 Coulomb Interactions and Ionization Equilibrium -- Ionization Equilibrium Between Atoms, Electrons and Ions -- 1.3.2 Different Plasma States on Earth -- References -- 2 Elements of Quantum Statistical Theory -- 2.1 Many-Body Quantum Theory -- 2.1.1 Quantum States -- 2.1.2 Identity and Symmetry -- Symmetry Postulate (Pauli's Postulate) -- Symmetry Principle (Pauli's-Principle) -- 2.2 Quantum Dynamics of Many Particles -- 2.2.1 Schrödinger Equation -- Dynamics of the Symmetry Properties (Blochinzew 1953) -- 2.2.2 Pure and Mixed Ensembles -- 2.3 Standard Approximations for Many-Particle States -- 2.3.1 Hartree-Fock Approximation -- 2.3.2 Born-Oppenheimer Approximation, Virial Theorem and Coulomb Stability -- 2.3.3 Thomas-Fermi Theory of Multi-Electron Atoms -- 2.4 Quantum Statistical Ensemble Theory -- 2.4.1 Microcanonical and Canonical Ensembles -- 2.4.2 Grand Canonical Ensembles -- 2.5 Theory of Fluctuations and Relaxation Processes -- 2.5.1 Einstein-Onsager Relaxation Theory -- Linear Relaxation Processes -- 2.5.2 Correlations, Spectra, and Symmetry Relations -- References -- 3 Ideal Quantum Gases -- 3.1 Quantum Statistics of Oscillator and Phonon Gases -- 3.1.1 Einstein Model of Oscillations in Crystals -- 3.1.2 Debye Theory of Phonon Excitations in Lattices -- 3.2 Statistics of Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Gases -- 3.2.1 Development of the Quantum Statistics of Gases -- 3.2.2 Gases as Particle Systems with Additive Hamiltonian -- 3.3 Fermi- and Bose Distributions -- 3.3.1 Bose-Einstein Gases -- 3.3.2 Fermi-Dirac Gases. , 3.4 Thermodynamics Properties of Bose-Einstein Gases -- 3.5 Black Body Radiation and Relativistic Gases -- 3.5.1 Planck's Law of Radiation -- 3.5.2 Radiation as a Relativistic Gas -- 3.6 Thermodynamic Functions of Fermi Gases -- 3.6.1 The Ideal Fermi Gas -- 3.6.2 Fermi Gases in the High- and Low-Temperature Limits -- 3.7 Density-Dependent Fermi Gas Functions -- 3.7.1 Expansions for Weakly Degenerated Fermi Gases -- 3.7.2 Thermodynamics in Full Density Range -- 3.8 Hartree-Fock Theory of Weakly Interacting Electron Gases -- References -- 4 Density Operators and Other Tools of Quantum Statistics -- 4.1 Density Matrices and Operators -- 4.1.1 Density Matrices -- 4.1.2 von Neumann's Density Operators and Time Evolution -- 4.1.3 Maximum Entropy Principle and Thermodynamic Functions -- 4.2 Representations in Coordinate Space and Two-Time Functions -- 4.2.1 Coordinate Representations and Bloch Equations -- 4.2.2 Two-Time Density Operators -- 4.3 Bogolyubov's Reduced Density Operators -- 4.4 Slater-, Wigner- and Klimontovich Representations -- 4.4.1 Slater Representations -- 4.4.2 Wigner-Representation -- 4.4.3 Klimontovich's Microscopic Density -- 4.5 Density Functionals, Virial Theorems and Stability -- 4.5.1 Kohn-Sham and Thomas-Fermi Functionals -- 4.5.2 Coulomb Stability and Virial Theorem -- 4.6 Second Quantization -- 4.6.1 Occupation Number Representations -- 4.6.2 Second Quantization -- 4.6.3 Klimontovich Operator in Second Quantization -- 4.7 Green's Functions -- 4.7.1 Definition and Relations for Green's Functions -- 4.7.2 Thermodynamics and Green's Functions -- 4.8 Pair Bound States and Bethe-Salpeter Equation -- References -- 5 Real Gas Quantum Statistics -- 5.1 Cluster Expansions for Real Gases -- 5.2 Slater Functions and Virial Coefficients -- 5.2.1 General Density Expansions -- 5.2.2 Slater Sums for Pair Correlations. , 5.3 The Second Virial Coefficient -- 5.3.1 Virial Coefficient Including Exchange Effects -- 5.3.2 Beth-Uhlenbeck Method for Non-associating Gases -- 5.4 Equation of State for Gases with Deep Bound States -- 5.4.1 Fugacity Expansions -- 5.4.2 Chemical Picture -- 5.5 Helium and Other Quantum Gases at Low Temperature -- 5.5.1 Virial Expansion for Helium -- 5.5.2 Phase Transitions in Low-Temperature Gases -- 5.6 Weakly Interacting Quantum Gases -- 5.6.1 Bloch Equation -- 5.6.2 Slater Function and Free Energy -- References -- 6 Quantum Statistics of Dilute Plasmas -- 6.1 Basic Physics of Plasmas -- 6.1.1 Screening and Lattice Formation in Coulomb Systems -- 6.1.2 The Divergence of the Partition Function -- 6.2 Pair Correlations on Non-degenerate Plasmas -- 6.2.1 Density Matrix of Pairs -- 6.2.2 Method of Effective Potentials -- 6.3 Thermodynamics of the Classical Electron Gas and Quantum Corrections -- 6.3.1 Classical Bogolyubov Expansions -- 6.3.2 Quantum Corrections -- 6.4 Screening and Thermodynamic Functions of Non-degenerate Plasmas -- 6.4.1 Debye-Hückel Screening -- 6.4.2 Ring Functions -- 6.5 The Pair Bound State Contributions -- 6.5.1 Mean-Mass Approximation-Symmetrical Plasmas -- 6.5.2 The Second Virial Coefficient for General Plasmas -- 6.6 Evaluation of the Second Virial Coefficients -- 6.6.1 The Exchange Contributions to the Virial Functions -- 6.6.2 Direct Contributions to the Virial Functions -- References -- 7 Non-ideality and Deep Bound States in Plasmas -- 7.1 Higher Order Expansions with Respect to Density -- 7.1.1 Cluster Expansions with Respect to Density -- 7.1.2 Density Expansions of Pressure and Free Energy -- 7.2 Bound States and Fugacity Expansions -- 7.2.1 Cluster Series in Fugacity -- 7.2.2 Series in Powers of Fugacity -- 7.3 Bound States and Saha Equation -- 7.3.1 Fugacity Expansion and Ideal Mass Action Laws. , 7.3.2 Ionization and Saha Equation Including Screening -- 7.4 Further Problems of Non-ideality in Plasmas -- References -- 8 Non-equilibrium: Kinetic Equations -- 8.1 Development of Classical and Quantum Kinetic Theory -- 8.2 Pauli's Master Equation Approach and H-Theorem -- 8.3 Stochastic Dynamics Including a Heat Bath -- 8.4 Bogolyubov's Kinetic Theory Based on Reduced Density Operators -- 8.5 Bogolyubov's Derivation of the Quantum Boltzmann Equation -- 8.5.1 Operator Equations -- 8.5.2 Quantum Boltzmann Equation for Homogeneous Systems -- 8.6 Theory of Fluctuations and Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations -- 8.6.1 Basic Einstein-Onsager-Kubo Relations -- 8.6.2 Brownian Motion and Onsager-Casimir Relations -- 8.7 Quantum Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations -- 8.7.1 Nyquist Theorem and Callen-Welton Theorems -- 8.7.2 Klimontovich-Silin Theory of Plasma Fluctuations -- References -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Self-organizing systems. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (535 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9783527636815
    DDC: 003.7
    Language: English
    Note: Physics of Self-Organization and Evolution -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to the Field of Self-Organization -- 1.1 Basic Concepts -- 1.2 History of Evolution as a Short Story -- 1.3 Structure, Self-organization, and Complexity -- 1.4 Entropy, Equilibrium, and Nonequilibrium -- 1.5 Dynamics, Stability, and Instability -- 1.6 Self-Organization of Information and Values -- 2 Fundamental Laws of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics -- 2.1 The Thermodynamic Way of Describing Nature - Basic Variables -- 2.2 Three Fundamental Laws and the Gibbs Relation of Thermodynamics -- 2.3 Thermodynamic Potentials, Inequalities, and Variational Principles -- 2.4 Irreversible Processes and Self-Organization -- 2.5 Irreversible Radiation Transport -- 2.6 Irreversible Processes and Fluctuations -- 2.7 Toward a Thermodynamics of Small Systems Far from Equilibrium -- 3 Evolution of Earth and the Terrestrial Climate -- 3.1 The Photon Mill -- 3.2 Black-Body Radiation Model of Earth -- 3.3 Local Seasonal Response -- 3.4 Atmospheric Cooling Rate -- 3.5 Black-Body Model with Atmosphere -- 3.6 Humidity and Latent Heat -- 3.7 Greenhouse Effect -- 3.8 Spatial Structure of the Planet -- 3.9 Early Evolution of Earth -- 4 Nonlinear Dynamics, Instabilities, and Fluctuations -- 4.1 State Space, Dynamic Systems, and Graphs -- 4.2 Deterministic Dynamic Systems -- 4.3 Stochastic Models for Continuous Variables and Predictability -- 4.4 Graphs - Mathematical Models of Structures and Networks -- 4.5 Stochastic Models for Discrete Variables -- 4.6 Stochastic Processes on Networks -- 5 Self-Reproduction, Multistability, and Information Transfer as Basic Mechanisms of Evolution -- 5.1 The Role of Self-Reproduction and Multistability -- 5.2 Deterministic Models of Self-Reproduction and Bistability -- 5.3 Stochastic Theory of Birth-and-Death Processes. , 5.4 Stochastic Analysis of the Survival of the New -- 5.5 Survival of the New in Bistable Systems -- 5.6 Multistability, Information Storage, and Information Transfer -- 6 Competition and Selection Processes -- 6.1 Discussion of Basic Terms -- 6.2 Extremum Principles -- 6.3 Dynamical Models with Simple Competition -- 6.4 Stochastic of Simple Competition Processes -- 6.5 Competition in Species Networks -- 6.6 Selection and Coexistence -- 6.7 Hyperselection -- 6.8 Selection in Ecological Systems -- 6.9 Selection with Sexual Replication -- 6.10 Selection between Microreactors -- 6.11 Selection in Social Systems -- 7 Models of Evolution Processes -- 7.1 Sequence-Evolution Models -- 7.2 Evolution on Fitness Landscapes -- 7.3 Evolution on Smooth Fisher-Eigen Landscapes -- 7.4 Evolution on Random Fisher-Eigen Landscapes -- 7.5 Evolution on Lotka-Volterra Landscapes -- 7.6 Axiomatic Evolution Models -- 7.7 Boolean Behavior in the Positive Cone -- 7.8 Axiomatic Description of a Boolean Reaction System -- 7.9 Reducible, Linear, and Ideal Boolean Reaction Systems -- 7.10 Minor and Major of a Boolean Reaction System -- 7.11 Selection and Evolution in Boolean Reaction Systems -- 8 Self-Organization of Information and Symbols -- 8.1 Symbolic Information -- 8.2 Structural Information -- 8.3 Extracting Structural Information -- 8.4 Physical Properties of Symbols -- 8.5 Properties of the Ritualization Transition -- 8.6 Genetic Code -- 8.7 Sexual Recombination -- 8.8 Morphogenesis -- 8.9 Neuronal Networks -- 8.10 Spoken Language -- 8.11 Possession -- 8.12 Written Language -- 8.13 Money -- 9 On the Origin of Life -- 9.1 Catalytic Cascades in Underoccupied Networks -- 9.2 Formation of Spatial Compartments -- 9.3 Replicating Chain Molecules -- 9.4 Molecular Information Processing -- 9.5 Darwinian Evolution -- 10 Conclusion and Outlook. , 10.1 Basic Physical Concepts and Results -- 10.2 Quo Vadis Evolutio? -- References -- Index.
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  • 4
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Description / Table of Contents: Evolutionary algorithms, evolutionary strategies, structural analysis and optimization of sequences, classification of strategies, structural optimization, optimization of networks, applications in physics
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 135 p. = 2605 kB, text
    Edition: [Electronic ed.]
    Language: German , English
    Note: Contract no. BMBF 01IB403B , nIndex , Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - Bibliographic datas partially researched
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (571 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319666372
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology Series
    DDC: 530
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Physics of Dense Gases, Nonideal Plasmas, and High Energy Density Matter -- 1.1 Strongly Coupled Fluid Matter: A New Field of Physics -- 1.2 Physics of Dense Classical Fluids -- 1.2.1 Van der Waals Equation of State and Interactions -- 1.2.2 Statistical Theory of Dense Classical Gases -- 1.3 Quantum Physics of Strongly Coupled Gases -- 1.3.1 Correlations in Bose--Einstein and Fermi--Dirac Gases -- 1.3.2 Quantum Statistics of Interacting Gases -- 1.4 Ionic Fluids and Dense Low-Temperature Plasmas -- 1.4.1 Coulomb Forces and Debye--Hückel--Wigner Theories -- 1.4.2 Ionization and Association Equilibria -- 1.5 Quantum Statistics of Coulomb Systems -- 1.5.1 Quantum Interactions, Screening, and Regularization -- 1.5.2 Coulomb Phase Transitions -- 1.6 Development of Computer Simulation Methods -- 1.6.1 The Metropolis Algorithm -- 1.6.2 Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 1.7 Transport Theory of Nonideal Gases and Plasmas -- 1.7.1 Extension of Boltzmann's Theory to Dense Gases -- 1.7.2 Kinetic Theory of Dense Plasmas -- 1.8 Dense Gases and Plasmas in the Laboratory and in the Sun -- 1.8.1 Studies of Ionization Phenomena -- 1.8.2 Generation of Fluids with High Energy Densities -- 1.9 Relativistic Plasmas and Matter with Extreme Energy Density -- 1.9.1 Relativistic, Subhadronic and Quark--Gluon Plasmas -- 1.9.2 Plasmas Generated by Relativistic Particle Beams -- 1.10 Dense Gases and Plasmas in Astrophysics -- 1.10.1 High Energy Densities in Astrophysical Systems -- 1.10.2 Relativistic Plasmas in Our Universe -- References -- 2 Strong Correlations and Equation of State of Dense Gases -- 2.1 Classical Molecular Distribution Functions and Density Expansions -- 2.1.1 Distribution Functions and Ornstein--Zernike Relations -- 2.1.2 Virial Expansions. , 2.2 Integral Equation Methods and Prototype Hard Sphere Systems -- 2.2.1 Percus--Yevick and Hypernetted-Chain Equations -- 2.2.2 Hard Core Fluids and Fluid Mixtures -- 2.3 Quantum Effects -- 2.3.1 Bose--Einstein and Fermi--Dirac Gases -- 2.3.2 Density Expansions Including Interaction Effects -- 2.4 Pair Correlations and Beth--Uhlenbeck Method -- 2.4.1 Slater Sums for Pairs and Second Virial Coefficient -- 2.4.2 Beth--Uhlenbeck Representation for Real Gases -- 2.5 Representations in the Grand Canonical Ensemble -- 2.5.1 Fugacity Expansions -- 2.5.2 Fugacity Expansions and the Chemical Picture -- 2.6 Strong Exchange Correlations in Fermi--Dirac Gases -- 2.6.1 Pair Correlations and Thermodynamics -- 2.6.2 Hartree--Fock Contributions -- 2.7 Quantum Statistics of Prototype Yukawa Gases -- 2.7.1 Perturbation Theory for Pair Density Operators -- 2.7.2 Perturbation Expansion for the Free Energy -- 2.8 Analytical Properties of Thermodynamic Functions of Yukawa Systems -- 2.8.1 Bound States and Analytical Properties -- 2.8.2 Exact Virial Coefficient and Thermodynamic Functions -- 2.9 Strongly Correlated Bose Gases at Low Temperatures -- 2.9.1 Noninteracting Bose Gases -- 2.9.2 Interacting Bose Gases and Phase Transitions -- References -- 3 Coulomb Systems. Screening and Ionization Problems -- 3.1 Classical Systems with Coulomb Interactions -- 3.1.1 Long Range of Coulomb Interactions. Screening -- 3.1.2 Plasma Parameter Expansions and Prototype Models -- 3.1.3 OCPs and the Ion Sphere Model -- 3.2 Charged Hard Sphere Systems -- 3.2.1 Debye--Hückel Approximation -- 3.2.2 Mean Spherical and Hypernetted Chain Approximations -- 3.3 Quantum Debye--Hückel Theory of Screening -- 3.3.1 Quantum Debye--Hückel Approximation -- 3.3.2 Reduced Mass Approximation -- 3.4 Slater Functions and Effective Potential Approach. , 3.4.1 Effective Potential Approach of Kelbg and Deutsch -- 3.4.2 Extensions by Wigner--Onsager Corrections -- 3.5 Plasmons and Collective Mode Expansions -- 3.5.1 Plasma Wave Excitations -- 3.5.2 Collective Mode Expansions -- 3.6 Ionization Equilibrium Between Atoms, Electrons, and Ions -- 3.6.1 Eggert--Saha Equation for Ideal Plasmas -- 3.6.2 Regularization of the Atomic Partition Function -- 3.7 Bound States and Ionization Equilibrium in Nonideal Plasmas -- 3.7.1 Weakly Nonideal EOS and Saha Equation -- 3.7.2 Nonideality in Atomic Partition Functions -- 3.8 Correlations in Noble Gas and Alkali Plasmas -- 3.8.1 Effective Potentials for Noble Gas and Alkali Plasmas -- 3.8.2 Correlations and Thermodynamic Functions -- 3.9 Models of First Order Phase Transitions in Ionized Gases -- 3.9.1 Van der Waals and Debye--Hückel--Bjerrum Models -- 3.9.2 Estimate of Critical Points in QDHA and KEPA -- 3.10 Discussion of Plasma Transitions in Theory and Experiment -- 3.10.1 Survey of Results on Plasmas and Ionic Fluids -- 3.10.2 PPT in Hydrogen, Noble Gas, and Alkali Plasmas -- References -- 4 Coulomb Correlations and EOS of Nondegenerate Nonideal Plasmas -- 4.1 Short-Range Quantum Effects in Low Density Plasmas -- 4.1.1 Pairs of Particles -- 4.1.2 Kelbg Potential -- 4.2 Screening in Weakly Coupled Plasmas -- 4.2.1 Screened Correlations in Nondegenerate Plasmas -- 4.2.2 Pair Correlations in Many-Component Systems -- 4.3 Non-diagonal Pair Density Operators -- 4.3.1 Diagonal and Non-diagonal Pair Density Matrix -- 4.3.2 Discussion of the Off-Diagonal Effective Potentials -- 4.4 Quantum Corrections in Thermodynamics -- 4.4.1 First Order Corrections to Classical OCP Results -- 4.4.2 Higher Order Screening Contributions -- 4.4.3 Screening in Weakly Correlated Mixtures -- 4.5 Virial Expansion in the Reduced Mass Approximation. , 4.5.1 Free Energy and Pressure in the RMA -- 4.5.2 Compatibility with the Mass Action Law Approach -- 4.6 Low Density Expansions for Coulomb Systems -- 4.6.1 Virial Expansion for Arbitrary Mass Relations -- 4.6.2 Screened Cluster Integrals -- 4.7 Exact Second Order Coulomb Virial Functions -- 4.7.1 Exchange Contribution to Coulomb Virial Functions -- 4.7.2 Direct Contributions to Coulomb Virial Functions -- 4.8 Discussion of Virial Functions and Thermodynamic Potentials -- 4.8.1 Analytical Properties of Virial Functions -- 4.8.2 Virial Expansion of Thermodynamic Functions -- References -- 5 Plasma Bound States in Grand Canonical and Mixed Representations -- 5.1 Fugacity Expansions of Thermodynamic Functions -- 5.1.1 Cluster Expansions in Fugacities -- 5.1.2 Fugacity Representations and the Saha Equation -- 5.2 Combinations Between Canonical and Grand-Canonical Density Expansions -- 5.2.1 Structure of the Lower Order Terms in the Density Expansion -- 5.2.2 Structure of Higher Order Contributions -- 5.3 Combined Density--Fugacity Expansions -- 5.3.1 Partial Summation of Density Series -- 5.3.2 Extended Representations of the EOS by Nonlinear Density Functions -- 5.4 Nonideality Effects in the Energy Spectrum -- 5.4.1 Energy Shifts in Effective Wave Equations -- 5.4.2 Hartree--Fock--Wigner Pressure at High Density -- References -- 6 Equations of State for Strongly Coupled Partially Ionized Plasmas -- 6.1 Coulomb Fluid Models and Electrical Field Energy -- 6.1.1 Electrical Field Correlations and Coulomb Energy -- 6.1.2 Coulomb Energy of Dense Electron Fluids -- 6.2 Chemical Potential and Internal Energy of Dense Electron--Ion Fluids -- 6.2.1 Reduced Mass Approximation and Beyond -- 6.2.2 Wigner Lattice Effects for Strong Coupling by Mode Restriction -- 6.2.3 Internal Energy of Free Charges Using HNC Calculations -- 6.3 Free Energy of Dense Plasmas. , 6.3.1 Main Contributions and Limits of the Free Energy -- 6.3.2 Padé Approximations for the Plasma Free Energy -- 6.4 Advanced Chemical Models Including Bound States -- 6.4.1 Free Energy in the Chemical Picture -- 6.4.2 Geometry of the Free Energy Landscape -- 6.5 Thermodynamics of High-Pressure Plasmas -- 6.5.1 Advanced Chemical Models with Energy Shifts -- 6.5.2 Methods for Minimizing the Free Energy -- 6.6 Hydrogen-Like and Helium-Like Plasmas at Ultrahigh Pressures -- 6.6.1 Hydrogen and Deuterium Hugoniots and Isentropes -- 6.6.2 Helium and Other Plasmas of Light Elements -- References -- 7 Kinetic Equations and Fluctuations in Nonideal Gases and Plasmas -- 7.1 Stochastic Kinetics -- 7.1.1 Smoluchowski--Fokker--Planck and Master Equations -- 7.1.2 Stochastic Kinetics of Pauli and Tolman -- 7.2 Quantum Kinetics and Transport Theory -- 7.2.1 Lorentz Kinetics and Relaxation Approximation -- 7.2.2 Bogoliubov Quantum Kinetic Theory -- 7.3 Irreversibility, Boltzmann, and Kullback Entropy. H-Theorems -- 7.3.1 Entropies and Pauli Dynamics -- 7.3.2 H-Theorems -- 7.4 Fluctuation--Dissipation Relations -- 7.4.1 Classical Relations -- 7.4.2 Quantum Fluctuation--Dissipation Relations -- 7.5 Plasma Fluctuations and Kinetic Equations -- 7.5.1 Quantum Correlations of the Electrical Field -- 7.5.2 Kinetic Equations and Fluctuation--Dissipation Relations -- References -- 8 Hopping Kinetics, Quantum Dynamics and Transport -- 8.1 Electron Hopping Kinetics -- 8.1.1 Hopping Dynamics of Electrons in Tight-Binding Models -- 8.1.2 Pauli Hopping Dynamics of Tight-Binding Electrons -- 8.2 Time Correlations and Linear Response -- 8.2.1 Time Correlations in the Tight-Binding Approximation -- 8.2.2 Linear Response Theory -- 8.3 Molecular Dynamics with Effective Potentials -- 8.3.1 Simple Models of Effective Interactions -- 8.3.2 Molecular Dynamics with Kelbg-Type Potentials. , 8.4 Wigner Dynamics with Momentum-Dependent Potentials.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden :Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH,
    Keywords: Synergetics. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (319 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783658129521
    Language: German
    Note: Intro -- Geleitwort -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Teil I: Entwicklungslinien der Synergetik -- 1 Ordnung aus Chaos: ein Rätsel? -- 1.1 Was ist Synergetik? -- 1.2 Erinnerungen an die Thermodynamik -- 1.3 Lasertheorie -- 1.4 Die Quantentheorie des Lasers -- 1.5 Grundlegende Einsichten und Konzepte -- 1.6 Herbert Fröhlich und die Versailler Tagungen -- 2 Ein neuer Ansatz -- 2.1 Der Weg zur Synergetik -- 2.2 Warum „Prinzipien"? -- 2.3 Ein erster Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der Synergetik -- 2.4 Das erste Synergetik-Symposium 1972 in Elmau -- 2.5 Weitere Synergetik-Symposien: Eine Auswahl -- 2.6 Anwendungen in Physik, Chemie, Biologie -- 3 Synergetik des Gehirns -- 3.1 Scott Kelso und die Fingerbewegung -- 3.2 Die Analyse elektrischer und magnetischer Felder des Gehirns -- 3.3 Kippfiguren -- 3.4 Der Synergetische Computer zur Mustererkennung -- 3.5 Annäherung an ein reales Gehirn -- 3.6 Psychologie, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie -- 4 Neue Einblicke -- 4.1 Betrachtungsebenen -- 4.2 Vom Wesen der Ordnungsparameter -- 4.3 Ist die Synergetik eine Universalwissenschaft? -- 4.4 Quo vadis, Synergetik? -- 4.5 Begegnungen mit den Mathematikern -- 5 Das mathematische Gerüst der Synergetik -- 5.1 Beispiel einer Ordnungsparametergleichung -- 5.2 Beispiel für das Versklavungsprinzip -- 5.3 Ordnungsparameter und Versklavung: Zirkuläre Kausalität -- 5.4 Systeme mit vielen Variablen: Woher kommen die Ordnungsparameter? -- 5.5 Verallgemeinerte Ginzburg-Landau-Gleichungen -- 5.6 Vom Ursprung der Analogien -- 5.7 Woher stammen Dämpfungen und Fluktuationen? -- 5.8 Dämpfungen und Fluktuationen in der Synergetik -- 5.9 Die Fokker-Planck-Gleichung -- 5.10 Mastergleichung -- 5.11 Das Theoriegebäude der Synergetik -- 6 Literatur -- Teil II: Zurückliegende Entwicklungen: Makroskopische Musterbildung in der Chemie noch vor der Synergetik -- 1 Einführende Bemerkungen. , 2 Fechner/Wetzlar - die „Wechselspannungsbatterie" -- 3 Rungebilder -- 4 Liesegang Systeme -- 5 Wilhelm Ostwalds oszillierende Auflösung des Chroms -- 6 Das Lotka-Modell -- 7 Autokatalyse -- 8 K.F. Bonhoeffer - Elektrochemische Oszillationen -- 9 Die Beloussow-Zhabotinsky-Reaktion -- 10 Die heterogen-katalytische Wasserstoffoxidation an Metallen -- 11 Literatur -- Teil III: Entwicklung der Synergetik und Theorie der Selbstorganisation in Osteuropa und der DDR 1971-1990 -- 1 Einleitung und Vorstellung der Protagonisten -- 2 Begriffsbildung und Vorgeschichte -- 3 Die Tradition der nichtlinearen Dynamik in Rußland -- 4 Zur Entwicklung der Theorie der Selbstorganisation und Synergetik in der DDR und besonders in Rostock und Berlin -- 5 Entwicklung der Synergetik in Osteuropa -- 6 Abschließende Bemerkungen -- 7 Literatur -- Teil IV: Konferenzen, Tagungen und Seminare zur Synergetik und Theorie der Selbstorganisation in Osteuropa und in der DDR -- 1 Erste Seminare und Vorlesungen -- 2 Die Tagungsreihe „Irreversible Prozesse und Selbstorganisation" (IPSO) -- 3 Tagungen in Osteuropa -- 4 Workshops, Kühlungsborner Kolloquien, Wartburg-Meetings -- 5 Abschließende Bemerkungen -- 6 Literatur -- Teil V: Entstehung der Chemischen Synergetik in Bremen - ein Fallbeispiel -- 1 Das Projekt „Oszi" - Projektstudium -- 2 Aufbau der Arbeitsgruppe „Angewandte Katalyse" -- 3 Einige Konferenzen 1982-1985 -- 3.1 Das Jahr 1982 - Elmau Symposium, Twente Dynamic Days, Gordon Research Conference -- 3.2 Das Jahr 1983 - „Asilomar Conference on Catalysis" -- 3.3 Das Jahr 1984 - Elmau Workshop on Synergetics, Bremen - Temporal Order, DBG Elmau - Dynamically Organized Systems -- 3.4 Das Jahr 1985 - Kühlungsborn 3. IPSO Konferenz, Elmau, Gordon Research Conference -- 3.4.1 Kühlungsborn 3. IPSO Konferenz -- 3.4.2 Schloß Elmau - International Symposium on Synergetics 1985. , 3.4.3 Gordon Research Conference: Dynamic Instabilities in Chemical Systems - 1985 -- 4 Die CO-Oxidation - ein chemisches Beispiel für die Synergetik -- 5 Literatur -- Teil VI: Winterseminare auf dem Zeinisjoch - Diskussionen zur Synergetik -- 1 Die ersten Winterseminare auf dem Zeinisjoch -- 2 Oszillatorische Phänomene in der Physikalischen Chemie Winterseminare 1981 und 1982 -- 3 Aktuelle Fragen naturwissenschaftlicher Theorienbildung - Winterseminar 1983 -- 4 Phasen und Phasenumwandlungen - Winterseminar 1984 -- 5 Fraktale und zelluläre Automaten - Winterseminar 1985 -- 6 Der Alpengasthof Zeinisjoch - Familie Lorenz und Schneelawinen -- 7 Struktur und Dynamik heterogener, chemischer Systeme - Winterseminar 1988 -- 8 Messung und Selbstähnlichkeit - Winterseminar 1990 -- 9 Faszination des Diskreten - Das 10. Winterseminar auf dem Zeinisjoch 1992 Die Einheit wurde zur Realität -- 10 Liste der Winterseminare auf dem Zeinisjoch -- 11 Literatur -- Über die Autoren.
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  • 7
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (228 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642710049
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Synergetics Series ; v.33
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 97-98 (Apr. 2004), p. 37-42 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 45 (1986), S. 891-903 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Boltzmann strategies ; Darwin strategies ; annealing ; eigenvalue problems ; double dynamics ; chemical waves ; information compression on attractors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction-diffusion systems show a fast and rather complex response on patterns produced by external space- and/or time-dependent perturbations. For example, one-component autocatalytic reactions rapidly find the loci where the given space-dependent reaction rates have relatively high values by following a kind of Darwinian strategy (combining self-reproduction and diffusion). It is shown that a simulation of this strategy in combination with annealing (decreasing the diffusion rates in time) may be used as an alternative to thermodynamic annealing strategies. Many-component reactions, such as the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, show a more complex response to patterns impressed by illumination, for example. The response behavior and possible applications to dynamic information processing are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 33 (1983), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Transport processes ; electrolytic conductance ; diffusion approach ; direct correlation force ; HNC equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of the diffusion approach in the theory of transport processes of electrolytic solutions we introduce a “direct correlation force” as a generalization of the direct correlation function in equilibrium. Starting from an approximation for the three-particle distribution function we derive a HNC (hypernetted chain)-type equation for calculation of binary distribution functions in nonequilibrium. The derivation is consistent with equilibrium theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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