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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    R/V Meteor cruise report M72/3 : marine gas hydrates of the eastern Black Sea ; M72, Leg 3a, Istanbul - Trabzon, 17 March - 3 April, 2007 ; M72, Leg 3b, Trabzon - Istanbul, 3 - 23 April, 2007 ; cruise within the framework of the BMBF/DFG special programme Geotechnologien: "METRO - Methane and methane hydrates within the Black Sea: structural analyses, quantification and impact of a dynamic methane reservoir" (2007)
    Bremen : Fachbereich Geowiss., Univ.
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Natural gas Hydrates ; Fahrtbericht ; gas hydrates ; Black Sea ; Gashydrate ; Methanlagerstätte ; Schwarzes Meer ; Meteor
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 130, A41 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen 261
    DDC: 550
    RVK:
    TI 7560
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 128 - 130
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vodyanitskii mud volcano, Sorokin trough, Black Sea : geological characterization and quantification of gas bubble streams (2009)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Marine and petroleum geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1984, (2009), 0264-8172
    In: year:2009
    In: extent:13
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 13 , Ill., garph. Darst
    ISSN: 0264-8172
    URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00531-007-0264-1
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.010
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Authigenic carbonate precipitates from the NE Black Sea : a mineralogical, geochemical, and lipid biomarker study (2009)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Geologische Rundschau, Berlin : Springer, 1910, 98(2009), 3, Seite 677-695, 0016-7835
    In: volume:98
    In: year:2009
    In: number:3
    In: pages:677-695
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00531-007-0264-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s00531-007-0264-1
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Brennendes Eis : Methanhydrat am Meeresgrund (1999)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Heidelberg : Spektrum-der-Wiss.-Verl.-Ges., 1978, (1999), 6, Seite 62-73, 0170-2971
    In: year:1999
    In: number:6
    In: pages:62-73
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    ISSN: 0170-2971
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In situ hydrocarbon concentrations from pressurized cores in surface sediments, northern Gulf of Mexico (2007)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine chemistry, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972, 107(2007), 4, Seite 498-515, 0304-4203
    In: volume:107
    In: year:2007
    In: number:4
    In: pages:498-515
    Description / Table of Contents: Two newly developed coring devices, the Multi-Autoclave-Corer and the Dynamic Autoclave Piston Corer were deployed in shallow gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico during research cruise SO174 (Oct- Nov 2003). For the first time, they enable the retrieval of near-surface sediment cores under ambient pressure. This enables the determination of in situ methane concentrations and amounts of gas hydrate in sediment depths where bottom water temperature and pressure changes most strongly influence gas/hydrate relationships. At seep sites of GC185 (Bush Hill) and the newly discovered sites at GC415, we determined the volume of low-weight hydrocarbons (C1 through C5) from nine pressurized cores via controlled degassing. The resulting in situ methane concentrations vary by two orders of magnitudes between 0.031 and 0.985 mol kg -1 pore water below the zone of sulfate depletion. This includes dissolved, free, and hydrate-bound CH4. Combined with results from conventional cores, this establishes a variability of methane concentrations in close proximity to seep sites of five orders of magnitude. In total four out of nine pressure cores had CH4 concentrations above equilibrium with gas hydrates. Two of them contain gas hydrate volumes of 15% (GC185) and 18% (GC415) of pore space. The measurements prove that the highest methane concentrations are not necessarily related to the highest advection rates. Brine advection inhibits gas hydrate stability a few centimeters below the sediment surface at the depth of anaerobic oxidation of methane and thus inhibits the storage of enhanced methane volumes. Here, computerized tomography (CT) of the pressure cores detected small amounts of free gas. This finding has major implications for methane distribution, possible consumption, and escape into the bottom water in fluid flow systems related to halokinesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0304-4203
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.008
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complex plumbing systems in the near subsurface: Geometries of authigenic carbonates from Dolgovskoy Mound (Black Sea) constrained by analogue experiments (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine and petroleum geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1984, 25(2008), 6, Seite 457-472, 0264-8172
    In: volume:25
    In: year:2008
    In: number:6
    In: pages:457-472
    Description / Table of Contents: Targeted sampling on the Dolgovskoy Mound (northern Shatsky Ridge) revealed the presence of spectacular laterally extensive and differently shaped authigenic carbonates. The sampling stations were selected based on sidescan sonar and profiler images that show patchy backscatter and irregular and discontinuous reflections in the near subsurface. The interpretation of acoustic data from the top part of the mound supports the seafloor observations and the sampling that revealed the presence of a complex subsurface plumbing system characterized by carbonates and gas. The crusts sampled consist of carbonate cemented layered hemipelagic sedimentary Unit 1 associated with several centimetres thick microbial mats. Three different carbonate morphologies were observed: (a) tabular slabs, (b) subsurface cavernous carbonates consisting of void chambers up to 20 cm 3 in size and (c) chimney and tubular conduits vertically oriented or forming a subhorizontal network in the subsurface. The methanogenic origin of the carbonates is established based on visual observations of fluids seepage structures, 13C depletion of the carbonates (γ13C varying between -36.7 promille and -27.4 promille), and by thin carbonate layers present within the thick microbial mats. Laboratory experiments with a HeleShaw cell were conducted in order to simulate the gas seepage through contrasting grain size media present on the seafloor. Combined petrography, visual observations and sandbox simulations allowed a characterization of the dynamics and the structures of the plumbing system in the near subsurface. Based on sample observations and the experiments, three observed morphologies of authigenic carbonates are interpreted, respectively, as (a) Darcian porous flow through the finely laminated clayey/coccolith-rich layers, (b) gas accumulation chambers at sites where significant fluid escape was impeded by thicker clayey layers forming the laminated Unit1 and (c) focussed vertical fluid venting and subhorizontal migration of overpressured
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0264-8172
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.10.002
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and application of pressure-core-sampling systems for the investigation of gas- and gas-hydrate-bearing sediments (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Deep-sea research / 1, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993, 55(2008), 11, Seite 1590-1599, 1879-0119
    In: volume:55
    In: year:2008
    In: number:11
    In: pages:1590-1599
    Description / Table of Contents: Free or hydrate-bound gas in the seafloor has been of scientific, ecologic and economic interest for many years because it predominantly contains high concentrations of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. A prerequisite of accurate quantifications of gases in sediments is to preserve pressure and temperature close to the in situ conditions during recovery. Here we introduce two new sediment coring devices that allow for the recovery of near-surface gas- and gas-hydrate-bearing sediments and subsequent investigations using several different techniques such as visualisation by computerized tomography, quantitative degassing, and sediment and porewater analyses. The first coring tool, the Multiple Autoclave Corer (MAC), resembles a standard multiple corer in terms of applications, size and core length of about 55 cm. The second tool, the Dynamic Autoclave Piston Corer (DAPC), is similar to a piston corer in application and size and enables one to take cores of up to 2.5 m length. Both focus on the investigation of near-surface sediments, which are most strongly affected by changes in bottom-water temperature and hydrostatic pressure, which in turn influence continental slope stability. Some results from recent offshore applications show the potential of these tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1879-0119
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.06.006
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The thermal structure of the Dvurechenskii mud volcano and its implications for gas hydrate stability and eruption dynamics (2009)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine and petroleum geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1984, 26(2009), 9, Seite 1812-1823, 0264-8172
    In: volume:26
    In: year:2009
    In: number:9
    In: pages:1812-1823
    Description / Table of Contents: The sediment temperature distribution at mud volcanoes provides insights into their activity and into the occurrence of gas hydrates. If ambient pressure and temperature conditions are close to the limits of the gas hydrate stability field, the sediment temperature distribution not only limits the occurrence of gas hydrates, but is itself influenced by heat production and consumption related to the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates. Located in the Sorokin Trough in the northern Black Sea, the Dvurechenskii mud volcano (DMV) was in the focus of detailed investigations during the M72/2 and M73/3a cruises of the German R/V Meteor and the ROV Quest 4000 m in February and March 2007. A large number of in-situ sediment temperature measurements were conducted from the ROV and with a sensor-equipped gravity corer. Gas hydrates were sampled in pressurized cores using a dynamic autoclave piston corer (DAPC). The thermal structure of the DMV suggests a regime of fluid flow at rates decreasing from the summit towards the edges of the mud volcano, accompanied by intermittent mud expulsion at the summit. Modeled gas hydrate dissociation temperatures reveal that the gas hydrates at the DMV are very close to the stability limits. Changes in heat flow due to variable seepage rates probably do not result in changes in sediment temperature but are compensated by gas hydrate dissociation and formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0264-8172
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.021
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Fluidaustritte an kollidierenden Plattengrenzen (1997)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Geowissenschaften, Berlin : Ernst & Sohn, 1988, 15(1997), 9, Seite 282-286, 0933-0704
    In: volume:15
    In: year:1997
    In: number:9
    In: pages:282-286
    Type of Medium: Article
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISSN: 0933-0704
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pockmarks in the Northern Congo Fan area, SW Africa: Complex seafloor features shaped by fluid flow (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1964, 249(2008), 3/4, Seite 206-225, 1872-6151
    In: volume:249
    In: year:2008
    In: number:3/4
    In: pages:206-225
    Description / Table of Contents: Three pockmarks named "Hydrate Hole", "Black Hole", and"Worm Hole" were studied in the northern Congo Fan area at water depths around 3100 m. The cross-disciplinary investigations include seafloor observations by TV-sled, sampling by TV-guided grab and multicorer as well as gravity coring, in addition to hydroacoustic mapping by a swath system, a parametric sediment echosounder and a deep-towed sidescan sonar. The pockmarks are morphologically complex features consisting of one or more up to 1000 m wide and 10-15 m deep depressions revealed by swath-mapping. High reflection amplitudes in the sediment echosounder records indicate the presence of a 2530 m thick shallow sediment section with gas hydrates, which have been recovered by gravity corer. Hydrates, chemosynthetic communities, and authigenic carbonates clearly indicate fluid flow from depths, which we propose to be mainly in the form of ascending gas bubbles rather than advection of methane-rich porewater. Evidence for seepage at the seafloor is confined to small areas within the seafloor depressions and was revealed by characteristic backscatter facies. Small meter-scale sized depressions signified as pitsʺ exist in or close to the pockmarks but seafloor observations did not reveal evidence for the presence of typical seep organisms or authigenic carbonates. Areas of intermediate backscatter were inhabited by vesicomyid clams in soft sediments. High backscatter was associated with vestimentiferan tubeworms (Siboglinidae) and authigenic carbonates. We discuss the three different environments "pits","vesicomyid clams", "vestimentifera/carbonate" in the light of differences in the geochemical setting. Pits are probably formed by escaping gas bubbles but seepage is too transient to sustain chemosynthetic life. Vesicomyid clams are present in sediments with gas hydrate deposits. However, the hydrates occur several meters below the surface indicating a lower flux compared to the vestimentifera/carbonate environment. In the latter environment, accumulated carbonates and clam shells indicate that fine grained particles have been eroded away. Gas hydrates were found in this environment at depths below about 50 cm suggesting the highest supply with methane compared to the other environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1872-6151
    DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.010
    Language: English
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