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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of Respiratory Chain Activity in Mitochondrial and Synaptosomal Fractions Isolated from the Gerbil Brain After Graded Ischaemia (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In this study we have examined (1) the integrated function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by polarographic measurements and (2) the activities of the respiratory chain complexes I, II–III, and IV as well as the ATP synthase (complex V) in free mitochondria and synaptosomes isolated from gerbil brain, after a 30-min period of graded cerebral ischaemia. These data have been correlated with cerebral blood flow (CBF) values as measured by the hydrogen clearance technique. Integrated functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, using both NAD-linked and FAD-linked substrates, was initially affected at CBF values of ∼35 ml 100 g−1 min−1, and declined further as the CBF was reduced. The individual mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, however, showed differences in sensitivity to graded cerebral ischaemia. Complex I activities decreased sharply at blood flows below ∼30 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (mitochondria and synaptosomes) and complex II–III activities decreased at blood flows below 20 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (mitochondria) and 35–30 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (synaptosomes). Activities declined further as CBF was reduced below these levels. Complex V activity was significantly affected only when the blood flow was reduced below 15–10 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (mitochondria and synaptosomes). In contrast, complex IV activity was unaffected by graded cerebral ischaemia, even at very low CBF levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052222.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Reperfusion Following Cerebral Ischaemia on the Activity of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in the Gerbil Brain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of reperfusion following 30 min of cerebral ischaemia on brain mitochondrial respiratory chain activity has been studied in the gerbil. The state 3 respiration rates with both FAD- and NAD-linked substrates were reduced after ischaemia. After 5 min of reperfusion, state 3 respiration with FAD-linked substrates was restored, but levels of NAD-linked substrates did not return to control values until 30 min of reperfusion. By 120 min of reperfusion state 3 respiration decreased relative to control values with all substrates studied. Measurement of the individual respiratory chain complexes showed that complex I, complex II–III, and complex V activities were reduced after ischaemia. By 5 min of reperfusion complex II–III activity was restored, but the activities of complexes I and V did not return to control values until 30 min of reperfusion. In contrast, complex IV activity was unaffected by ischaemia or 5 and 30 min of reperfusion but was significantly reduced after 120 min of reperfusion, possibly owing to free radical production and lipid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041698.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The symptomatology of the climacteric in relation to hormonal and cytological factors (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 91 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Climacteric symptomatology was investigated in a group of non-selected women aged between 54 and 56 years of age, Vasomotor complaints and dyspareunia, in particular, were noted and related to plasma hormone levels and vaginal cytology. Only 33% of those women who were within 5 years of the menopause had symptoms of a magnitude that might require hormone replacement therapy. Neither the vasomotor complaints nor dyspareunia correlated with the hormone levels or cytology findings to such an extent as to be helpful in planning treatment. Aarently only a minority of women in their middle 50s demonstrate a symptomatic need for hormone replacement therapy and laboratory investigations are of little use in their identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb05279.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple Models of Agglutinated Foraminifera Test Construction (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 46 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The characteristic grain size distributions observed in the test walls of agglutinated foraminifera can be replicated by numerical simulations. the logistics employed by the model parallel those seen in foraminifera during culturing experiments of test construction. Both fractal and log-normal grain distributions are generated by a simple space-filling algorithm. However, to generate the specific grain distributions observed in foramimferan tests a strong preference for selecting larger grains from the available sediment must be effected. the exclusion of smaller grains, during selection, produces log-normal grain distributions similar to those previously observed. These and similar modelling techniques may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of shell construction employed by protists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb05121.x
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  • 5
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    A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era (2017)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Nature Publishing Group, 4(170088), pp. 1-33, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Description: Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850–2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Megadroughts in the Common Era and the Anthropocene (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 3(11), pp. 741-757, ISSN: 2662-138X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Exceptional drought events, known as megadroughts, have occurred on every continent outside Antarctica over the past ~2,000 years, causing major ecological and societal disturbances. In this Review, we discuss shared causes and features of Common Era (Year 1–present) and future megadroughts. Decadal variations in sea surface temperatures are the primary driver of megadroughts, with secondary contributions from radiative forcing and land–atmosphere interactions. Anthropogenic climate change has intensified ongoing megadroughts in south-western North America and across Chile and Argentina. Future megadroughts will be substantially warmer than past events, with this warming driving projected increases in megadrought risk and severity across many regions, including western North America, Central America, Europe and the Mediterranean, extratropical South America, and Australia. However, several knowledge gaps currently undermine confidence in understanding past and future megadroughts. These gaps include a paucity of high-resolution palaeoclimate information over Africa, tropical South America and other regions; incomplete representations of internal variability and land surface processes in climate models; and the undetermined capacity of water-resource management systems to mitigate megadrought impacts. Addressing these deficiencies will be crucial for increasing confidence in projections of future megadrought risk and for resiliency planning.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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