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  • Articles  (103)
  • Data  (218)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle-laden Eurasian Arctic sea ice: observations from July and August 1987 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 7 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: During the summer 1987 expedition of the polar research vessel‘Polarstern’in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, sea ice at about 84-86°N and 20-30°E was found to have high concentrations of particulate material. The particle-laden ice occurred in patches which often darkened more than half the ice surface at our northernmost positions. Much of this ice appeared to be within the Siberian Branch of the Transpolar Drift stream, which transports deformed, multi-year ice from the Siberian shelves westward across the Eurasian Basin. Lithogenic sediment, which is the major component of the particulate material, may have been incorporated during ice formation on the shallow Siberian seas. Diatoms collected from the particle-rich ice surfaces support this conclusion, as assemblages were dominated by a marine benthic species similar to that reported from sea ice off the coast of northeast Siberia. Based on drift trajectories of buoys deployed on the ice it appears that much of the particle-laden ice exited the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait and joined the East Greenland Current.Very different sea ice characteristics were found east of the Yermak Plateau and north of Svalbard and Frans Josef Land up to about 83-84°N. Here sea ice was thinner, less deformed, with lower amounts of lithogenic sediment and diatoms. The diatom assemblage was dominated by planktonic freshwater species. Trajectories of buoys deployed on sea ice in this region indicated a tendency for southward transport to the Yermak Plateau or into the Barents Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1989.tb00604.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiolarian taxa from Southern Ocean sediment traps (Atlantic sector) (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study gives a first inventory of radiolarian taxa collected with sediment traps in different areas of the Southern Ocean (Drake Passage, Powell Basin and Bransfield Strait). It includes 66 taxa or taxa groups of which 46 were already described. Two previously described species groups and 20, yet undescribed, taxa are documented. The name Protocystis bicornis (Haecker) is replaced by P. spinosus as it is a later homonym of P. bicornis (Borgert). The occurrence pattern of the radiolarian taxa indicates distinct differences in the species composition between neritic environments (Bransfield Strait and Powell Basin) and pelagic, open ocean conditions (Drake Passage).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243108
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiolarian flux in Antarctic waters (Drake Passage, Powell Basin, Bransfield Strait) (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 357-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of radiolarians collected during sediment trap experiments in the Drake Passage, the northern Powell Basin, and the King George Basin of the Bransfield Strait provides new information on the fluxes of radiolarian shells in Antarctic waters, on the annual flux pattern, the species distribution and its ecological significance, and on alteration processes of the radiolarian shells in the water column and at the sediment/water interface. A 28-month monitoring with time-series sediment traps in the Bransfield Strait indicates an annual flux pattern characterized by short-term flux pulses during austral summer, which reach daily fluxes of up to 5 × 103 shells m−2 and which account for more than 90% of the total annual flux. The distinct seasonal variations are linked to variations in the sea ice coverage. Other controlling factors are the production of phytoplankton and the impact by zooplankton grazers, e.g., krill. During the summer flux pulses the vertical fluxes of radiolarians range between ca. 3 and 21 × 104 shells m−2, values that are one or more orders of magnitudes lower than fluxes observed at sites in the tropical and northern high-latitude ocean. Significant lateral transport of radiolarians was documented during the austral summer in the Bransfield Strait by a factor of 10 increase of the radiolarian flux in the lower portion of the water column and the species composition trapped in deeper waters. Radiolarian assemblages associated with pelagic and neritic environments characterized by typical Antarctic taxa (Antarctissa spp.) and a group of species with bipolar distribution (e.g. Plectacantha oikiskos, Phormacantha hystrix), respectively, are distinguished. While the signal of polycystine radiolarians is relatively well recorded in the sediments, the shells of phaeodarians, which were observed at fluxes of up to 1 × 103 shells m−2day−1 in the upper portion of the water column, are almost completely dissolved during settling through the water column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    Distribution and ecology data of planktic Foraminifera in the North Pacific (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Taylor, Ben J; Rae, James W B; Gray, William Robert; Darling, Kate F; Burke, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Abelmann, Andrea; Maier, Edith; Esper, Oliver; Ziveri, Patrizia (2018): Distribution and ecology of planktic Foraminifera in the North Pacific: Implications for paleo-reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 191, 256-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.006
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-06
    Description: Planktic foraminifera census data have been used to reconstruct past temperatures through transfer functions, as well as changes in ocean ecosystems, chemistry and circulation. Here we present new multinet, plankton net and core-top census data from 20 sites in the Subpolar North Pacific. We combine these with previous data to provide an up to date compilation of North Pacific planktic foraminifera assemblage data. Our compilation is used to define 6 faunal zones: the subpolar zone; transitional zone; upwelling zone; subtropical zone; east equatorial zone; west equatorial zone; based on the distribution of 10 major species of planktic foraminifera. Two species of planktic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globigerina bulloides provide the basis for many subpolar paleo-reconstructions. Through the analysis of new multinet and CTD data we find that G. bulloides and N. pachyderma are predominantly found within 0-50 m of the water column and coincide with high food availability. N. pachyderma also shows a strong temperature control and can thrive in food poor waters where temperatures are low. Both species bloom seasonally, particularly during the spring bloom of March to June, with G. bulloides exhibiting greater seasonal variation. We suggest that percentage abundance of N. pachyderma in paleo-assemblages can be used to assess relative changes in past temperature, with G. bulloides abundance more likely to reflect changes in food availability. By comparing our core-top and multinet data, we also find a dissolution bias of G. bulloides over N. pachyderma in the North Pacific, which may enrich assemblages in the latter species.
    Keywords: AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Physical oceanography and chlorophyll from selected CTD stations during SONNE cruise SO202/1 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-06
    Keywords: AWI; Bering Sea; Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; INOPEX; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; North Pacific Ocean; Oxygen; Salinity; SO202/1; SO202/1_02-1; SO202/1_10-1; SO202/1_13-1; SO202/1_14-1; SO202/1_15-1; SO202/1_27-2; SO202/1_31-1; SO202/1_33-1; SO202/1_34-1; Sonne; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 35893 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Abundances of planktic foraminifera from multinet samples taken during the SONNE cruise SO202/1 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-06
    Keywords: AWI; Bering Sea; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Foraminifera, planktic; Globigerina bulloides; Globigerinella siphonifera; Globigerinita glutinata; Globigerinoides ruber; Globoconella inflata; Globorotalia scitula; Globorotaloides hexagonus; INOPEX; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Neogloboquadrina dutertrei; Neogloboquadrina incompta; Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral; North Pacific Ocean; SO202/1; SO202/1_02-5; SO202/1_10-4; SO202/1_13-3; SO202/1_14-4; SO202/1_15-3; SO202/1_27-4; SO202/1_31-2; SO202/1_33-2; SO202/1_34-2; Sonne; Turborotalita quinqueloba
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 574 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Palaeoceanographic data of sediment core MD01-2416
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Maier, Edith; Chapligin, Bernhard; Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Esper, Oliver; Ren, Jian; Friedrichsen, Hans; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2013): Combined oxygen and silicon isotope analysis of diatom silica from a deglacial subarctic Pacific record. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28(6), 571-581, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2649
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: We present an SiF4 separation line, coupled to a laser fluorination system, which allows for an efficient combined silica d18O and d30Si analysis (50 min per sample). The required sample weight of 1.5-2.0 mg allows for high-resolution isotope studies on biogenic opal. Besides analytical tests, the new instrumentation set-up was used to analyse two marine diatom fractions (〉63 µm, 10-20 µm) with different diatom species compositions extracted from a Bølling/Allerød-Holocene core section [MD01-2416, North-West (NW) Pacific] to evaluate the palaeoceanographic significance of the diatom isotopic signals and to address isotopic effects related to contamination and species-related isotope effects (vital and environmental effects). While d30Si offsets between the two fractions were not discernible, supporting the absence of species-related silicon isotope effects, systematic offsets occur between the d18O records. Although small, these offsets point to species-related isotope effects, as bias by contamination can be discarded. The new records strengthen the palaeoceanographic history during the last deglaciation in the NW Pacific characterized by a sequence of events with varying surface water structure and biological productivity. With such palaeoceanographic evolution it becomes unlikely that the observed systematic d18O offsets signal seasonal temperature variability. This calls for reconsideration of vital effects, generally excluded to affect d18O measurements.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Paleoceanography of sediment cores SO202-27-6 and MD01-2416
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Maier, Edith; Méheust, Marie; Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Chapligin, Bernhard; Ren, Jian; Stein, Ruediger; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2015): Deglacial subarctic Pacific surface water hydrography and nutrient dynamics and links to North Atlantic climate variability and atmospheric CO2. Paleoceanography, 30(7), 949-968, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002763
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The glacial-to-Holocene evolution of subarctic Pacific surface water stratification and silicic acid (Si) dynamics is investigated based on new combined diatom oxygen (d18Odiat) and silicon (d30Sidiat) isotope records, along with new biogenic opal, subsurface foraminiferal d18O, alkenone-based sea surface temperature, sea ice, diatom, and core logging data from the NE Pacific. Our results suggest that d18Odiat values are primarily influenced by changes in freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS), while corresponding d30Sidiat are primarily influenced by changes in Si supply to surface waters. Our data indicate enhanced glacial to mid Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) NE Pacific surface water stratification, generally limiting the Si supply to surface waters. However, we suggest that an increase in Si supply during early HS1, when surface waters were still stratified, is linked to increased North Pacific Intermediate Water formation. The coincidence between fresh surface waters during HS1 and enhanced ice-rafted debris sedimentation in the North Atlantic indicates a close link between CIS and Laurentide Ice Sheet dynamics and a dominant atmospheric control on CIS deglaciation. The Bølling/Allerød (B/A) is characterized by destratification in the subarctic Pacific and an increased supply of saline, Si-rich waters to surface waters. This change toward increased convection occurred prior to the Bølling warming and is likely triggered by a switch to sea ice-free conditions during late HS1. Our results furthermore indicate a decreased efficiency of the biological pump during late HS1 and the B/A (possibly also the Younger Dryas), suggesting that the subarctic Pacific has then been a source region of atmospheric CO2.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 14 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    The seasonal sea-ice zone in the glacial Southern Ocean as a carbon sink, supplementary datasets (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Abelmann, Andrea; Gersonde, Rainer; Knorr, Gregor; Zhang, Xu; Chapligin, Bernhard; Maier, Edith; Esper, Oliver; Friedrichsen, Hans; Lohmann, Gerrit; Meyer, Hanno; Tiedemann, Ralf (2015): The seasonal sea-ice zone in the glacial Southern Ocean as a carbon sink. Nature Communications, 6, 8136, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9136
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Description: Reduced surface-deep ocean exchange and enhanced nutrient consumption by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean have been linked to lower glacial atmospheric CO2. However, identification of the biological and physical conditions involved and the related processes remains incomplete. Here we specify Southern Ocean surface-subsurface contrasts using a new tool, the combined oxygen and silicon isotope measurement of diatom and radiolarian opal, in combination with numerical simulations. Our data do not indicate a permanent glacial halocline related to melt water from icebergs. Corroborated by numerical simulations, we find that glacial surface stratification was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes. During glacial spring-summer, the mixed layer was relatively shallow, while deeper mixing occurred during fall-winter, allowing for surface-ocean refueling with nutrients from the deep reservoir, which was potentially richer in nutrients than today. This generated specific carbon and opal export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 12 datasets
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  • 10
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    (Supplementary Table 2) Vertical abundances of the radiolarian species Actinomma antarctica and Spongotrochus glacialis from four plankton stations (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-30
    Keywords: Actinomma antarctica; ANT-IX/4; Atlantic Ridge; AWI_Paleo; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Discovery Seamount; Event label; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Polarstern; PS18; PS18/259; PS18/261; PS18/263; PS18/265; PS2101-2; PS2103-3; PS2105-4; PS2107-2; Spongotrochus glacialis
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 59 data points
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