Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Chemical Valorization of CO2 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CO2-Derived Fuels and Chemicals -- 2.1 Methane -- 2.2 Methanol -- 2.3 Dimethyl Ether -- 2.4 Formic Acid -- 2.5 Ethanol -- 2.6 CO2-Fischer-Tropsch Liquid Fuels -- 2.7 Carbon Monoxide-Syngas -- 3 CO2 Chemically Derived Materials -- 3.1 Polymers -- 3.2 CO2-Derived Building Materials -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Progress in Catalysts for CO2 Reforming -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Technologies for Capturing and Storing Carbon Dioxide -- 3 Technologies for Using Carbon Dioxide -- 4 Methane Dry Reforming Process -- 4.1 Progress in Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming (1928-1989) -- 4.2 Progress in Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming (1990-1999) -- 4.3 Progress in Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming (2000-2009) -- 4.4 Progress in Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming (2010-2019) -- 4.5 Current Status in the Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming -- 5 Dry Reforming of Other Compounds -- 6 Use of Steam or Oxygen in Dry Reforming of Methane and Other Compounds -- 7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fueled with Biogas -- 8 Commercialization of Dry Reforming Process -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Fuel Generation from CO2 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Approaches for Directly Converting CO2 to Fuels -- 2.1 Pure CO2 Decomposition Technology -- 2.2 Reagent-Based CO2 Conversion Technology -- 2.2.1 Dry Deformation of Methane Technology -- 2.2.2 Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 -- 3 Biological CO2 Fixation for Fuels -- 3.1 Thermochemical Conversion -- 3.1.1 Torrefaction -- 3.1.2 Pyrolysis -- 3.1.3 Thermochemical Liquefaction -- 3.1.4 Gasification -- 3.1.5 Direct Combustion -- 3.2 Biochemical Conversion -- 3.2.1 Biodiesel -- 3.2.2 Bioethanol -- 3.2.3 Biomethane -- 3.2.4 Biohydrogen -- 3.2.5 Bioelectricity -- 3.2.6 Volatile Organic Compounds. , 4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 4 Thermodynamics of CO2 Conversion -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon Dioxide Capture -- 3 Carbon Dioxide Utilisations -- 4 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 5 Thermodynamics of CO2 -- 5.1 The Thermodynamic Attainable Region (AR) -- 5.2 Using Hess's Law to Transform the Extents to G-H AR @ 25˚C -- 5.3 Increasing Temperature on G-H AR -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Enzymatic CO2 Conversion -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas -- 1.2 Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization -- 1.3 CO2 as a Chemical Feedstock -- 1.4 CO2 Conversion with Enzymes -- 2 Natural Conversion of CO2 in Cells -- 3 Enzymatic Conversion of CO2 in Cells -- 3.1 Conversion of CO2 by a Single Enzyme (in vitro) -- 3.1.1 Formate Dehydrogenase -- 3.1.2 Carbonic Anhydrase -- 3.1.3 Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase -- 3.1.4 Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO) -- 3.2 Conversion of CO2 by a Multi-Enzyme Cascade in vitro -- 3.3 Other Ways (Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation) -- 4 Industrial Applications -- 4.1 Alcohols -- 4.2 Organic Acids -- 4.3 Terpenoids -- 4.4 Fatty Acids -- 4.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 4.6 Calcium Carbonate -- 5 Summary and Future Prospects -- References -- 6 Electrochemical CO2 Conversion -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electrochemical CO2 Conversion -- 2.1 Fundamentals of the Process -- 2.2 Variants of Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 -- 2.2.1 Aqueous Electrolytes -- 2.2.2 Non-Aqueous Electrolytes -- 2.2.3 Solid Oxide Electrolytes -- 2.2.4 Molten Salt Electrolytes -- 3 Electrochemical CO2 Conversion from Molten Salts -- 3.1 Present State of Electrochemical Reduction of CO2in Molten Salts for the Production of Solid-Phase Carbonaceous Nanomaterials -- 3.2 Direct Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Chloride Melts. , 3.3 Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Molten Salts -- 3.4 The Mechanisms of Electrode Reactions Occurring at the Cathode and Anode -- 3.5 Prospects for CO2 Conversion in Molten Salts -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Mediated Organic Transformations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide -- 2.1 Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.3 Diels-Alder Reaction -- 2.4 Coupling Reaction -- 2.5 Oxidation Reaction -- 2.6 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Reaction -- 2.7 Iodination Reaction -- 2.8 Polymerization Reaction -- 2.9 Carbonylation Reaction -- 2.9.1 Acetalization Reaction -- 2.9.2 Olefin Metathesis Reaction -- 2.9.3 Synthesis of heterocycles -- Synthesis of α-alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates -- Synthesis of 4-Methyleneoxazolidin-2-Ones -- Synthesis of 5-Alkylidene-1, 3-Oxazolidin-2-Ones -- Synthesis of 6-Phenyl-3a, 4-Dihydro-1H-Cyclopenta[C]furan-5(3H)-One -- Synthesis of 3, 4, 5, 6-Tetraethyl-2H-Pyran-2-One -- 3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Theoretical Approaches to CO2 Transformations -- Abstract -- 1 Carbon Dioxide Properties -- 2 CO2 Transformation as an Undeniable Necessity -- 3 CO2 Activation -- 3.1 Methodologies of CO2 Activation -- 4 Theoretical Insight of CO2 Transformation -- 4.1 The Theoretical Approach in CO2 Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals -- 4.1.1 Carbon Monoxide -- 4.1.2 Methane -- 4.1.3 Methanol -- 4.1.4 Formic Acid -- 4.1.5 Heterocycles -- Cyclic Carbonates -- Cyclic Carbamate -- Quiznazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-Dione -- 4.1.6 Summary and Outlook -- 5 Theoretical Designing of Novel Catalysts Based on DFT Studies -- 5.1 Theoretical Designing: Problems and Opportunities -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Carbon Dioxide Conversion Methods -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Molecular Structure of CO2. , 3 Thermo-Kinetics of CO2 Conversion -- 4 CO2 Conversion Methods and Products -- 4.1 Fischer-Tropsch Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) -- 4.2 Mineralization -- 4.3 Chemical Looping Dry Reforming -- 4.4 Enzymatic Conversion -- 4.5 Photocatalytic and Photo-Electrochemical Conversion -- 4.6 Thermo-Chemical Conversion -- 4.7 Hydrogenation -- 4.8 Reforming -- 5 Economic Assessment of CO2Alteration to Valuable Products -- 5.1 Syngas -- 5.2 Methanol -- 5.3 Formic Acid -- 5.4 Urea -- 5.5 Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) -- 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Closing the Carbon Cycle -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods to Capture CO2 -- 3 CO2 Capture Technologies -- 4 CO2 Capture from the Air -- 5 Biomass and Waste-Based Chemicals -- 6 Advantages of Biomass-Based Chemicals -- 7 Replacement of Carbon-Based Energy Resources -- 8 Biomass Energy -- 9 Wind Energy -- 10 Solar Energy -- 11 Ocean Energy -- 12 Geothermal Energy -- 13 Hydrothermal Energy -- 14 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Carbon Dioxide Utilization to Energy and Fuel: Hydrothermal CO2 Conversion -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hydrothermal CO2 Conversion -- 2.1 Metals and Catalysts as Reductant -- 2.2 Organic Wastes as Reductant -- 2.3 Inorganic Wastes as Reductant -- 2.4 Biomass as Reductant -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Ethylenediamine-Carbonic Anhydrase Complex for CO2 Sequestration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) -- 3 Mechanism of Action for Biocarbonate Formation -- 4 Historical Background of Carbonic Anhydrase -- 5 Sources of Carbonic Anhydrase -- 6 Carbonic Anhydrase in Microorganism -- 6.1 Micrococcus Lylae, Micrococcus Luteus, and Pseudomonas Fragi -- 6.2 Bacillus Subtilis and Citrobacter Freundii -- 6.3 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae -- 6.4 Helicobacter Pylori -- 7 Plant Carbonic Anhydrase -- 8 Overview of CO2. , 9 Sources of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -- 10 Effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -- 11 Carbon Dioxide Capturing -- 12 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sequestration -- 13 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sequestration by Carbonic Anhydrase -- 14 Separation System for CO2 Sequestration -- 15 Cryogenic Separation -- 16 Membrane Separation -- 17 Absorption -- 18 Adsorption -- 19 Bioreactors for CO2 Sequestration -- 20 Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilization -- 21 Ethylenediamine for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capturing -- 22 CO2 Capturing and Sequestration with Ethylenediamine-Carbonic Anhydrase Complex -- 23 CO2 Capturing and Sequestration Design and Optimization: Challenges and Future Prospects -- 24 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Green Pathway of CO2 Capture -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Molecular Structure of Carbon Dioxide -- 3 CO2 Capture System -- 3.1 Post-Combustion System -- 3.2 Pre-Combustion System -- 3.3 Oxy-Fuel Combustion System -- 4 Absorption Technology -- 4.1 Green Absorption with Ionic Liquids -- 4.1.1 Properties and Uses of Ionic Liquids -- 4.1.2 CO2 Solubility in PILs -- 4.1.3 CO2 Absorption in PILs with Carboxylate Anion -- 4.2 Reaction Mechanism Involved in CO2-Absorption -- 5 Adsorption Technology -- 5.1 Organic Adsorbents -- 5.1.1 Activated Charcoal -- 5.1.2 Biochar -- 5.1.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) -- 5.2 Other CO2 Adsorbents -- 5.2.1 Metal Oxide-Based Absorbents -- 5.2.2 Zeolites -- 5.3 Biological Processes of CO2Sequestration -- 5.3.1 Carbon Utilization by Forest and Agricultural Management -- 5.3.2 Ocean Fertilization -- 5.3.3 CO2 Capture by Microalgae -- 5.4 Electrochemical Ways for CO2 Capture -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Carbon Derivatives from CO2 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Artificial Photoreduction -- 3 Electrochemical Reduction -- 4 Hydrogenation -- 5 Synthesis of Organic Carbonates -- 6 Reforming. , 7 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with Water.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Biomass-Derived Polyurethanes for Sustainable Future -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chemicals for Preparation of Polyurethanes -- 1.2 Importance of Green Chemicals and Synthesis Methods -- 1.3 Characteristics of Biomaterials for Polyurethanes -- 2 Bio-Oils as a Renewable Resource for Polyurethanes -- 2.1 Epoxidation and Ring-Opening Reactions -- 2.2 Hydroformation and Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.3 Ozonolysis -- 2.4 Thiol-Ene Reaction -- 2.5 Transesterification Reaction -- 3 Terpenes as Green Starting Chemicals for Polyurethanes -- 4 Lignin for Green Polymers -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Mechanochemistry: A Power Tool for Green Synthesis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Mechanochemistry -- 3 Principles of Mechanochemistry -- 3.1 Mechanisms and Kinetics of Mechanochemistry -- 3.2 Effects of Reaction Parameters -- 4 Mechanochemical Synthesis of Materials -- 4.1 Mechanochemical Synthesis of Co-crystals -- 4.2 Mechanochemistry in Inorganic Synthesis -- 4.3 Mechanochemistry in Organic Synthesis -- 4.4 Mechanochemistry in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) -- 4.5 Mechanochemistry in Porous Organic Materials (POMs) -- 4.6 Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polymers -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Future Trends in Green Synthesis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Green Chemistry Metrics -- 2.1 Atom Economy (AE) -- 2.2 Environmental Factor (E Factor) -- 2.3 Process Mass Intensity (PMI) -- 2.4 Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME) -- 3 Application of Green Concept in Synthesis -- 3.1 Solvent-Based Organic Synthesis -- 3.2 Aqueous Medium -- 3.2.1 Micellar Media -- 3.2.2 Different Non-Aqueous Media -- Ionic Liquids -- Fluorous Media -- Supercritical Fluid -- Solvent-Free Synthesis -- 4 Future Trends -- References -- 4 Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Methods for Metallic Nanoparticle Biosynthesis -- 3 Green Biosynthesis of Metallic NPs -- 3.1 Gold Nanoparticles -- 3.2 Platinum Nanoparticles -- 3.3 Silver Nanoparticles -- 3.4 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles -- 3.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles -- 4 Different Parts Used for the Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles -- 4.1 Fruit -- 4.2 Stem -- 4.3 Seeds -- 4.4 Flowers -- 4.5 Leaves -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Green Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Advantages of Green Synthesis Methods -- 3 Green Synthesis Methods for Hierarchically Structured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials -- 3.1 Biological Methods -- 3.1.1 Using Microorganism -- Microorganisms as Reactant -- Microorganism as Template -- 3.1.2 Using Plant -- Plant as Reactant -- Plant as Template -- 3.1.3 Using Other Green Templates -- 3.2 Physical and Chemical Methods -- 3.2.1 Green Techniques -- 3.2.2 Green Reagents -- 3.2.3 Green Solvents -- 4 Growth Mechanism of Metal and Metal Oxide HSNs -- 4.1 Biological Method -- 4.1.1 Biomolecules as Reagents -- 4.1.2 Biomolecules as Templates -- 4.2 Physical and Chemical Methods -- 5 Applications of Hierarchically Structured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials -- 5.1 Biomedical Application -- 5.2 Environmental Remediation -- 5.2.1 Wastewater Treatment -- 5.2.2 Energy Storage -- 5.2.3 Sensing -- 6 Present Challenges and Future Prospect -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Bioprivileged Molecules -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Four Carbon 1,4-Diacids -- 2.1 Succinic Acid -- 2.2 Fumaric Acid -- 2.3 Malic Acid -- 3 Furan 2,5-Dicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) -- 4 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HPA) -- 5 Glucaric Acid -- 6 Glycerol -- 7 Aspartic Acid -- 8 Itaconic Acid -- 9 3-Hydroxybutyrolactone -- 10 Sorbitol -- 11 Xylitol -- 12 Glutamic Acid -- 13 Levulinic Acid. , 14 Emerging Molecules -- 15 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Membrane Reactors for Green Synthesis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Reaction Enzymatic MR Using Supercritical CO2-IL -- 2.1 Ionic Liquid Media Effect on Free CLAB -- 2.2 Butyl Propionate Synthesis Using Active Membranes SC-CO2 and SC-CO2/IL -- 2.3 Butyl Propionate Synthesis Using Active Membranes in Hexane/IL -- 3 Mixed Ionic Electronic MR -- 3.1 Methane Flow Rate and Concentration Effects on Side II of Membrane -- 3.2 Steam Flow Effect on Side I of Membrane -- 3.3 Temperature Effect -- 4 Green Synthesis of Methanol in a Membrane Reactor -- 5 Green Fuel Energy -- 5.1 Green H2 Energy -- 5.2 Biofuel Energy -- 5.3 Green Fuel Additive -- 6 Biocatalyst Membrane Reactors -- 7 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Application of Membrane in Reaction Engineering for Green Synthesis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Applications of Membrane Reactors in Reaction Engineering -- 2.1 Syngas Production -- 2.2 Hydrogen Production -- 2.3 CO2 Thermal Decomposition -- 2.4 Higher Hydrocarbon Production -- 2.5 Methane Production -- 2.6 Ammonia Production -- 3 Environmental Impacts -- 4 Conclusions and Future Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Photo-Enzymatic Green Synthesis: The Potential of Combining Photo-Catalysis and Enzymes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle -- 3 Enzymes Involved in Light-Driven Catalysis -- 3.1 Heme-Containing Enzymes -- 3.1.1 Cytochrome P450 -- 3.1.2 Peroxidases -- 3.2 Flavin-Based Enzyme -- 3.2.1 Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases -- 3.2.2 Old Yellow Enzymes -- 3.3 Metal Cluster-Centered Enzyme -- 3.3.1 Hydrogenases -- 3.3.2 Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases -- 4 Nanoparticle-Based Activation of Enzyme -- 5 Applications in Photo-Biocatalysis -- 5.1 Isolated Enzymes/Cell Lysates -- 6 Summary and Future Scope -- References. , 10 Biomass-Derived Carbons and Their Energy Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of Biomass Materials -- 2.1 Plant-Based Carbons -- 2.2 Fruit-Based Carbons -- 2.3 Animal-Based Carbons -- 2.4 Microorganism-Based Carbons -- 3 Activation of Biomass-Derived Carbons -- 3.1 Activation of Carbons -- 3.1.1 Chemical Activation of Carbons -- 3.1.2 Carbon Activation Through Physical Method -- 3.1.3 Self-activation of Carbons -- 3.2 Pyrolysis Techniques -- 3.2.1 Effect of Temperature -- 3.2.2 Effect of Residence Time -- 3.2.3 Heating Rate Effect -- 3.2.4 Size of the Particle -- 3.3 Microwave-Assisted Technique -- 3.4 Carbonization by Hydrothermal -- 3.5 Ionothermal Carbonization -- 3.6 Template Method -- 4 Energy Storage Applications of Biomass Carbons -- 4.1 Supercapacitors -- 4.2 Li/Na-Ion Batteries -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials via Electrochemical Method -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Green Synthesis -- 2.1 Application of Biology in Green Synthesis -- 2.2 Green Synthesis Based on the Application of Solvent -- 3 Computational Data and Analysis -- 4 Electrochemical Method -- 5 Electrodeposition Method -- 5.1 Experimental Setup for Electrodeposition -- 6 Research Work: Using Green Electrochemical Methods for Nanomaterials Synthesis -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Microwave-Irradiated Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Class of Bio-heterocycles: Green Avenues and Sustainable Developments -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines [Abbreviated as 2-Aryl-IPs]. -- 2.1 Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic Heteroaryl Boronates and Imidazopyridine-Quinazoline Hybrids Under MW-irradiations -- 2.2 MW-Irradiated Synthesis of IPs Using Multi-Component Strategy Under Neat Conditions. , 2.3 One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-H-Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine Under MW-Irradiations -- 2.4 Microwave-Assisted Amine-Triggered Benzannulation Strategy for the Preparation of 2,8-Diaryl-6-Aminoimidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines -- 2.5 MW-Assisted NaHCO3-catalyzed Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in PEG400 Media and Its Practical Application in the Synthesis of 2,3-Diaryl-IP Class of Bio-Heterocycles -- 2.6 MW-Irradiated, Ligand-Free, Palladium-Catalyzed, One-Pot 3-component Reaction for an Efficient Preparation of 2,3-Diarylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines -- 2.7 MW-Assisted Water-PEG400-mediated Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-IP via Multi-Component Reaction (MCR) -- 2.8 Microwave-Irradiated Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Under Neat, Catalyst-Free Conditions -- 2.9 Green Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in H2O -- 2.10 Microwave-Assisted Neat Synthesis of Substituted 2-Arylimidazo[1,2-a]Pyridines -- 2.11 Microwave-Assisted Nano SiO2 Neat Synthesis of Substituted 2-Arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines -- 2.12 Microwave-Assisted NaHCO3-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-phenyl-IPs -- 3 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3-amino-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines [3-amino-2-aryl-IPs] -- 3.1 Microwave-Irradiated Synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Fluorous Multi-component Pathway -- 3.2 MW-Irradiated Synthetic Protocol for 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via MCR Pathway -- 3.3 MW-Assisted Sequential Ugi/Strecker Reactions Involving 3-Center-4-Component and 3-Center-5-Component MCR Strategy -- 3.4 One-Pot, 4-component Cyclization/Suzuki Coupling Leading to the Rapid Formation of 2,6-Disubstituted-3-Amino-IPs Under Microwave Irradiations -- 3.5 ZnCl2-catalyzed MCR of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Using MW Conditions -- 3.6 Microwave-Promoted Preparation of N-(3-arylmethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-Yl)Benzamides. , 3.7 MW-Assisted Multi-component Neat Synthesis of Benzimidazolyl-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Anti-Adhesive Coatings: A Technique for Prevention of Bacterial Surface Fouling -- 1.1 Bacterial Surface Fouling (Biofouling) -- 1.2 Negative Effects of Biofouling by Bacteria on Practical Applications -- 1.3 Anti-Adhesive Coatings for Preventing Bacterial Surface Fouling -- 1.3.1 Hydrophilic Polymers -- 1.3.2 Zwitterionic Polymers -- 1.3.3 Super-Hydrophobic Polymers -- 1.3.4 Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) -- 1.3.5 Protein and Glycoprotein-Based Coatings -- 1.4 Bifunctional Coatings With Anti-Adhesive and Antibacterial Properties -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Lignin-Based Adhesives -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Native Lignin and Source of Technical Lignin -- 2.2.1 Native Lignin -- 2.2.2 Technical Lignins -- 2.3 Limitations of Technical Lignins -- 2.3.1 Heterogeneity of Technical Lignins -- 2.3.2 Reactivity of Technical Lignins -- 2.4 Lignin Pre-Treatment/Modification for Adhesive Application -- 2.4.1 Physical Pre-Treatment -- 2.4.2 Chemical Modification -- 2.5 Challenges and Prospects -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Green Adhesive for Industrial Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Advanced Green Adhesives Categories- Industrial Applications -- 3.2.1 Keta Spire Poly Etherether Ketone Powder Coating -- 3.2.2 Bio-Inspired Adhesive in Robotics Field Application -- 3.2.3 Bio-Inspired Synthetic Adhesive in Space Application -- 3.2.3.1 Micro Structured Dry Adhesive Fabrication for Space Application -- 3.2.4 Natural Polymer Adhesive for Wood Panel Industry -- 3.2.5 Tannin Based Bio-Adhesive for Leather Tanning Industry -- 3.2.6 Conductive Adhesives in Microelectronics Industry -- 3.2.7 Bio-Resin Adhesive in Dental Industry -- 3.2.8 Green Adhesive in Fiberboard Industry -- 3.3 Conclusions and Future Scope. , References -- Chapter 4 Green Adhesives for Biomedical Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Main Raw Materials of Green Adhesives: Structure, Composition, and Properties -- 4.2.1 Chitosan -- 4.2.2 Alginate -- 4.2.3 Lignin -- 4.2.4 Lactic Acid PLA -- 4.3 Properties Characterization of Green Adhesives for Biomedical Applications -- 4.3.1 Diffraction X-Rays (DRX) -- 4.3.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 4.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM Images) -- 4.3.4 Wettability or Contact Angle (CA) -- 4.3.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) -- 4.3.6 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) -- 4.3.7 Thermal Analysis (TG/DTG/DTA and DSC Curves) -- 4.3.8 Surface Area and Porosimetry Analyzer (ASAP) -- 4.3.9 Mechanical Properties of Green Adhesives -- 4.4 Biomedical Applications of Natural Polymers -- 4.4.1 Alginate -- 4.4.1.1 Biomedical Applications of Alginate -- 4.4.2 Chitosan -- 4.4.2.1 Biomedical Applications of Chitosan -- 4.4.3 Lignin -- 4.4.3.1 Biomedical Applications of Lignin -- 4.4.4 Polylactide (PLA) -- 4.4.4.1 Biomedical Applications of PLA -- 4.5 Final Considerations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 Waterborne Adhesives -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Motivation for the Use of Waterborne Adhesives -- 5.1.1.1 Sustainability and Environment Regulations -- 5.1.1.2 Circular Economy -- 5.1.1.3 Avoid Harmful Emissions -- 5.1.1.4 Development of Novel and Sustainable End Products -- 5.1.2 Environmental Effects and Mankind Toxicity Analysis -- 5.2 Performance of Waterborne Adhesives: An Overview -- 5.2.1 Waterborne Polyurethane (WBPU) Adhesives -- 5.2.1.1 Chemical Structure of Waterborne PU -- 5.2.1.2 Performances of WBPU Adhesives -- 5.2.2 Waterborne Epoxy Adhesive -- 5.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Using Polyfurfuryl Alcohol as Thermoset Adhesive/Sealant -- 6.1 Introduction. , 6.2 Furfuryl Alcohol as Adhesives -- 6.3 Polyfurfuryl Alcohol as Sealants -- 6.3.1 Effect of Different Parameters on the Curing of PFA-Based Sealants -- 6.4 Applications -- 6.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 7 Bioadhesives -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 History of Bioadhesives -- 7.3 Classification of Bioadhesives -- 7.4 Mechanism of Bioadhesion -- 7.4.1 Mechanical Interlocking -- 7.4.2 Chain Entanglement -- 7.4.3 Intermolecular Bonding -- 7.4.4 Electrostatic Bonding -- 7.5 Testing of Bioadhesives -- 7.5.1 In Vitro Methods -- 7.5.1.1 Shear Stress Measurements -- 7.5.1.2 Peel Strength Evaluation -- 7.5.1.3 Flow Through Experiment and Plate Method -- 7.5.2 Ex Vitro Methods -- 7.5.2.1 Adhesion Weight Method -- 7.5.2.2 Fluorescent Probe Methods -- 7.5.2.3 Falling Liquid Film Method -- 7.6 Application of Bioadhesives -- 7.6.1 Bioadhesives as Drug Delivery Systems -- 7.6.2 Bioadhesives as Fibrin Sealants -- 7.6.3 Bioadhesives as Protein-Based Adhesives -- 7.6.4 Bioadhesives in Tissue Engineering -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Polysaccharide-Based Adhesives -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Cellulose-Derived Adhesive -- 8.2.1 Esterification -- 8.2.1.1 Cellulose Nitrate -- 8.2.1.2 Cellulose Acetate -- 8.2.1.3 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate -- 8.2.2 Etherification -- 8.2.2.1 Methyl Cellulose -- 8.2.2.2 Ethyl Cellulose -- 8.2.2.3 Carboxymethyl Cellulose -- 8.3 Starch-Derived Adhesives -- 8.3.1 Alkali Treatment -- 8.3.2 Acid Treatment -- 8.3.3 Heating -- 8.3.4 Oxidation -- 8.4 Natural Gums Derived-Adhesives -- 8.5 Fermentation-Based Adhesives -- 8.6 Enzyme Cross-Linked-Based Adhesives -- 8.7 Micro-Biopolysaccharide-Based Adhesives -- 8.8 Mechanism of Adhesion -- 8.9 Tests for Adhesion Strength -- 8.10 Applications -- 8.10.1 Biomedical Applications -- 8.10.2 Food Stuffs Applications -- 8.10.3 Pharmaceutical Applications. , 8.10.4 Agricultural Applications -- 8.10.5 Cigarette Manufacturing -- 8.10.6 Skin Cleansing Applications -- 8.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Wound Healing Adhesives -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Wound -- 9.2.1 Types of Wounds -- 9.2.1.1 Acute Wounds -- 9.2.1.2 Chronic Wounds -- 9.3 Structure and Function of the Skin -- 9.4 Mechanism of Wound Healing -- 9.5 Wound Closing Techniques -- 9.6 Wound Healing Adhesives -- 9.7 Types of Wound Healing Adhesives Based Upon Site of Application -- 9.7.1 External Use Wound Adhesives -- 9.7.1.1 Steps for Applying External Wound Healing Adhesives on Skin [30] -- 9.7.2 Internal Use Wound Adhesives -- 9.8 Types of Wound Healing Adhesives Based Upon Chemistry -- 9.8.1 Natural Wound Healing Adhesives -- 9.8.1.1 Fibrin Sealants/Fibrin-Based Tissue Adhesives -- 9.8.1.2 Albumin-Based Adhesives -- 9.8.1.3 Collagen and Gelatin-Based Wound Healing Adhesives -- 9.8.1.4 Starch -- 9.8.1.5 Chitosan -- 9.8.1.6 Dextran -- 9.8.2 Synthetic Wound Healing Adhesives -- 9.8.2.1 Cyanoacrylate -- 9.8.2.2 Poly Ethylene Glycol-Based Wound Adhesives (PEG) -- 9.8.2.3 Hydrogels -- 9.8.2.4 Polyurethane -- 9.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Green-Wood Flooring Adhesives -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Wood Flooring -- 10.2.1 Softwood Flooring -- 10.2.2 Hardwood Flooring -- 10.2.3 Engineered Wood Flooring -- 10.2.4 Laminate Flooring -- 10.2.5 Vinyl Flooring -- 10.2.6 Agricultural Residue Wood Flooring Panels -- 10.3 Recent Advances About Green Wood-Flooring Adhesives -- 10.3.1 Xylan -- 10.3.2 Modified Cassava Starch Bioadhesives -- 10.3.3 High-Efficiency Bioadhesive -- 10.3.4 Bioadhesive Made From Soy Protein and Polysaccharide -- 10.3.5 Green Cross-Linked Soy Protein Wood Flooring Adhesive -- 10.3.6 "Green" Bio-Thermoset Resins Derived From Soy Protein Isolate and Condensed Tannins. , 10.3.7 Development of Green Adhesives Using Tannins and Lignin for Fiberboard Manufacturing -- 10.3.8 Cottonseed Protein as Wood Adhesives -- 10.3.9 Chitosan as an Adhesive -- 10.3.10 PE-cg-MAH Green Wood Flooring Adhesive -- References -- Chapter 11 Synthetic Binders for Polymer Division -- List of Abbreviations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Classification of Adhesives Based on Its Chemical Properties -- 11.2.1 Thermoset Adhesives -- 11.2.2 Thermoplastic Adhesives -- 11.2.3 Adhesive Blends -- 11.3 Adhesives Characteristics -- 11.4 Adhesives Classification Based on Its Function -- 11.4.1 Permanent Adhesives -- 11.4.2 Removable Adhesives -- 11.4.3 Repositionable Adhesives -- 11.4.4 Blended Adhesives -- 11.4.5 Anaerobic Adhesives -- 11.4.6 Aromatic Polymer Adhesives -- 11.4.7 Asphalt -- 11.4.8 Adhesives Based on Butyl Rubber -- 11.4.9 Cellulose Ester Adhesives -- 11.4.10 Adhesives Based on Cellulose Ether -- 11.4.11 Conductive Adhesives -- 11.4.12 Electrically Conductive Adhesive Materials -- 11.4.13 Thermally Conductive Adhesives -- 11.5 Resin -- 11.5.1 Unsaturated Polyester Resin -- 11.5.2 Monomers -- 11.5.2.1 Unsaturated Polyester -- 11.5.2.2 Alcohol Constituents -- 11.5.2.3 Constituents Like Anhydride and Acid -- 11.5.3 Vinyl Monomers of Unsaturated Polyester Resins -- 11.5.4 Styrenes -- 11.5.5 Acrylates and Methacrylates -- 11.5.6 Vinyl Ethers -- 11.5.7 Fillers -- 11.6 Polyurethanes -- 11.6.1 Monomers -- 11.6.1.1 Diisocyanates -- 11.6.1.2 Phosgene Route -- 11.6.1.3 Phosgene-Free Route -- 11.6.1.4 Polyols -- 11.6.1.5 Vinyl Functionalized Polyols -- 11.6.1.6 Polyols Based on Modified Polyurea -- 11.6.1.7 Polyols Based on Polyester -- 11.6.1.8 Acid and Alcohols-Based Polyesters -- 11.6.2 Rectorite Nanocomposites -- 11.6.3 Zeolite -- 11.7 Epoxy Resins -- 11.7.1 Monomers -- 11.7.1.1 Epoxides -- 11.7.1.2 Hyper Branched Polymers. , 11.7.2 Epoxide Resins Based on Liquid Crystalline Structure.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Application of MOFs and Their Derived Materials in Sensors -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Application of MOFs and Their Derived Materials in Sensors -- 1.2.1 Optical Sensor -- 1.2.1.1 Colorimetric Sensor -- 1.2.1.2 Fluorescence Sensor -- 1.2.1.3 Chemiluminescent Sensor -- 1.2.2 Electrochemical Sensor -- 1.2.2.1 Amperometric Sensor -- 1.2.2.2 Impedimetric, Electrochemiluminescence, and Photoelectrochemical Sensor -- 1.2.3 Field-Effect Transistor Sensor -- 1.2.4 Mass-Sensitive Sensor -- 1.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Their Derivatives in Piezo/Ferroelectrics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Brief Introduction to Piezo/Ferroelectricity -- 2.2 Fundamentals of Piezo/Ferroelectricity -- 2.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks for Piezo/ Ferroelectricity -- 2.4 Ferro/Piezoelectric Behavior of Various MOFs -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Fabrication and Functionalization Strategies of MOFs and Their Derived Materials "MOF Architecture" -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fabrication and Functionalization of MOFs -- 3.2.1 Metal Nodes -- 3.2.2 Organic Linkers -- 3.2.3 Secondary Building Units -- 3.2.4 Synthesis Methods -- 3.2.4.1 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Method -- 3.2.4.2 Microwave Synthesis -- 3.2.4.3 Electrochemical Method -- 3.2.4.4 Mechanochemical Synthesis -- 3.2.4.5 Sonochemical (Ultrasonic Assisted) Method -- 3.2.4.6 Diffusion Method -- 3.2.4.7 Template Method -- 3.2.5 Synthesis Strategies -- 3.3 MOF Derived Materials -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Application of MOFs and Their Derived Materials in Molecular Transport -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 MOFs as Nanocarriers for Membrane Transport -- 4.2.1 MIL-89 -- 4.2.2 MIL-88A -- 4.2.3 MIL-100 -- 4.2.4 MIL-101 -- 4.2.5 MIL-53 -- 4.2.6 ZIF-8. , 4.2.7 Zn-TATAT -- 4.2.8 BioMOF-1 (Zn) -- 4.2.9 UiO (Zr) -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Role of MOFs as Electro/-Organic Catalysts -- 5.1 What Is MOFs -- 5.2 MOFs as Electrocatalyst in Sensing Applications -- 5.3 MOFs as Organic Catalysts in Organic Transformations -- 5.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6 Application of MOFs and Their Derived Materials in Batteries -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Metal-Organic Frameworks -- 6.2.1 Classification and Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks -- 6.2.2 Potential Applications of MOFs -- 6.2.3 Synthesis of MOFs -- 6.3 Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.3.1 Historical Perspectives and Classification of Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.3.2 MOF Based Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.4 Ionic Liquids -- 6.4.1 Properties of Ionic Liquids -- 6.4.2 Ionic Liquid Incorporated MOF -- 6.5 Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.5.1 General Description of Ionic Conductivity -- 6.5.2 Models for Ionic Transport in Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.5.3 Impedance Spectroscopy and Ionic Conductivity Measurements -- 6.5.4 Concept of Mismatch and Relaxation -- 6.5.5 Scaling of ac Conductivity -- 6.6 IL Incorporated MOF Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes -- 6.7 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Fine Chemical Synthesis Using Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Oxidation Reaction -- 7.2.1 Epoxidation -- 7.2.2 Sulfoxidation -- 7.2.3 Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols -- 7.3 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction -- 7.4 Transesterification Reaction -- 7.5 C-C Bond Formation Reactions -- 7.5.1 Heck Reactions -- 7.5.2 Sonogashira Coupling -- 7.5.3 Suzuki Coupling -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Application of Metal Organic Framework and Derived Material in Hydrogenation Catalysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 The Active Centers in Parent MOF Materials. , 8.1.2 The Active Centers in MOF Catalyst -- 8.1.3 Metal Nodes -- 8.2 Hydrogenation Reactions -- 8.2.1 Hydrogenation of Alpha-Beta Unsaturated Aldehyde -- 8.2.2 Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde -- 8.2.3 Hydrogenation of Nitroarene -- 8.2.4 Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds -- 8.2.5 Hydrogenation of Benzene -- 8.2.6 Hydrogenation of Quinoline -- 8.2.7 Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide -- 8.2.8 Hydrogenation of Aromatics -- 8.2.9 Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid -- 8.2.10 Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes -- 8.2.11 Hydrogenation of Phenol -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Application of MOFs and Their Derived Materials in Solid-Phase Extraction -- 9.1 Solid-Phase Extraction -- 9.1.1 Materials in SPE -- 9.2 MOFs and COFs in Miniaturized Solid-Phase Extraction (µSPE) -- 9.3 MOFs and COFs in Miniaturized Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction (D-µSPE) -- 9.4 MOFs and COFs in Magnetic-Assisted Miniaturized Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction (m-D-µSPE) -- 9.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Anticancer and Antimicrobial MOFs and Their Derived Materials -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Anticancer MOFs -- 10.2.1 MOFs as Drug Carriers -- 10.2.2 MOFs in Phototherapy -- 10.3 Antibacterial MOFs -- 10.4 Antifungal MOFs -- References -- Chapter 11 Theoretical Investigation of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials for the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical and Pe -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 General Synthesis Routes -- 11.2.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis -- 11.2.2 Solvothermal Synthesis of MOFs -- 11.2.3 Room Temperature Synthesis -- 11.2.4 Microwave Assisted Synthesis -- 11.2.5 Mechanochemical Synthesis -- 11.2.6 Electrochemical Synthesis -- 11.3 Postsynthetic Modification in MOF -- 11.4 Computational Method -- 11.5 Results and Discussion. , 11.5.1 Binding Behavior Between MIL-100 With the Adsorbates (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Oxybenzone) -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Hybrid Composites for Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 VOCs and Their Potential Hazards -- 12.2.1 Other Sources of VOCs -- 12.3 VOCs Removal Techniques -- 12.4 Fabricated MOF for VOC Removal -- 12.4.1 MIL Series MOFs -- 12.4.2 Isoreticular MOFs -- 12.4.2.1 Adsorption Comparison of the Isoreticular MOFs -- 12.4.3 NENU Series MOFs -- 12.4.4 MOF-5, Eu-MOF, and MOF-199 -- 12.4.5 Amine-Impregnated MIL-100 -- 12.4.6 Biodegradable MOFs MIL-88 Series -- 12.4.7 Catalytic MOFs -- 12.4.8 Photo-Degradating MOFs -- 12.4.9 Some Other Studied MOFs -- 12.5 MOF Composites -- 12.5.1 MIL-101 Composite With Graphene Oxide -- 12.5.2 MIL-101 Composite With Graphite Oxide -- 12.6 Generalization Adsorptive Removal of VOCs by MOFs -- 12.7 Simple Modeling the Adsorption -- 12.7.1 Thermodynamic Parameters -- 12.7.2 Dynamic Sorption Methods -- 12.8 Factor Affecting VOCs Adsorption -- 12.8.1 Breathing Phenomena -- 12.8.2 Activation of MOFs -- 12.8.3 Applied Pressure -- 12.8.4 Relative Humidity -- 12.8.5 Breakthrough Conditions -- 12.8.6 Functional Group of MOFs -- 12.8.7 Concentration, Molecular Size, and Type of VOCs -- 12.9 Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 13 Application of Metal-Organic Framework and Their Derived Materials in Electrocatalysis -- List of Abbreviations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Perspective Synthesis of MOF and Their Derived Materials -- 13.3 MOF for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction -- 13.4 MOF for Oxygen Evolution Reaction -- 13.5 MOF for Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- 13.6 MOF for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction -- 13.6.1 Electrosynthesis of MOF for CO2 Reduction -- 13.6.2 Composite Electrodes as MOF for CO2 Reduction. , 13.6.3 Continuous Flow Reduction of CO2 -- 13.6.4 CO2 Electrochemical Reduction in Ionic Liquid -- 13.7 MOF for Electrocatalytic Sensing -- 13.8 Electrocatalytic Features of MOF -- 13.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 14 Applications of MOFs and Their Composite Materials in LightDriven Redox Reactions -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 MOFs as Photocatalysts -- 14.1.2 Charge Transfer Mechanisms -- 14.1.3 Methods of Synthesis -- 14.2 Pristine MOFs and Their Application in Photocatalysis -- 14.2.1 Group 4 Metallic Clusters -- 14.2.2 Groups 8, 9, and 10 Metallic Clusters -- 14.2.3 Group 11 Metallic Clusters -- 14.2.4 Group 12 Metallic Clusters -- 14.3 Metal Nanoparticles-MOF Composites and Their Application in Photocatalysis -- 14.3.1 Ag-MOF Composites -- 14.3.2 Au-MOF Composites -- 14.3.3 Cu-MOF Composites -- 14.3.4 Pd-MOF Composites -- 14.3.5 Pt-MOF Composites -- 14.4 Semiconductor-MOF Composites and Their Application in Photocatalysis -- 14.4.1 TiO2-MOF Composites -- 14.4.2 Graphitic Carbon Nitride-MOF Composites -- 14.4.3 Bismuth-Based Semiconductors -- 14.4.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide-MOF Composites -- 14.4.5 Silver-Based Semiconductors -- 14.4.6 Other Semiconductors -- 14.5 MOF-Based Multicomponent Composites and Their Application in Photocatalysis -- 14.5.1 Semiconductor-Semiconductor-MOF Composites -- 14.5.2 Semiconductor-Metal-MOF Composites -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Also of Interest -- Check out these other forthcoming and published titles from Scrivener Publishing -- EULA.

Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- MXenes for Sensors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of MXenes -- 3. MXenes for sensing applications -- 3.1 Electronic sensors -- 3.2 Biosensing -- 4. Characterization -- 5. Final Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 -- A Newly Emerging MXene Nanomaterial for Environmental Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physiochemical properties of MXenes nanomaterials -- 2.1 Crystal structure -- 2.1.2 Surface chemical structure -- 2.1.3 Band gap structure -- 2.2 Synthesis of MXenes nanomaterials -- 3. MXenes for environmental application -- 3.1 Adsorption -- 3.1.1 Adsorption of organic pollutants -- 3.1.2 Adsorption of inorganic pollutants -- 3.1.3 Adsorption of gaseous pollutants -- 3.1.4 Adsorption of other pollutants -- 3.2 Photocatalysis -- 3.3 Antimicrobial activity -- 3.4 Membrane filtration -- Conclusion and remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 -- Two-Dimensional MXene as a Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Family of Mxenes -- 3. Structural properties of Mxenes -- 4. Preparation of Mxenes -- 5. Mxenes for hydrogen storage -- 6. Computational and theoretical study on hydrogen storage over MXenes -- 7. Experimental study of Mxenes -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 -- MXenes for Electrocatalysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MXenes forHER -- 2.1 The mechanism of HER -- 2.2 MXene-based catalysts for HER -- 3. MXene for OER -- 3.1 The mechanism of OER -- 3.2 MXene-based catalysts for OER -- 4. MXene for NRR -- 4.1 The mechanism of NRR -- 4.2 MXene-based catalysts for NRR -- Conclusion and outlook -- References -- 5 -- MXenes Composites -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Significance of MXenes composites -- 3. MAX phases in MXenes -- 4. Processing of MXene composites -- 4.1 Synthesis of MXenes -- 4.2 Surface modifications. , 5. Structural and mechanical properties -- 6. Electronic properties -- 7. Surface state properties -- 8. Transport and optical properties -- 9. Magnetic properties -- 10. Applications of MXenes in different fields -- 10.1 Low work function emitters -- 10.2 Catalysts and photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution -- 10.3 Energy conversion for thermoelectric devices -- 10.4 Energy storage -- 10.5 Biomedical applications -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 -- MXenes for Supercapacitors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Supercapacitor background -- 3. Synthesis approaches -- 3.1 MXene -- 3.2 Element doped MXenes -- 3.3 MXene-based nanocomposites -- 3.4 MXene quantum dots -- 4. Structures, properties and supercapacitor applications -- 4.1 Single/few-layered MXene-based supercapacitors -- 4.2 Element doped MXenes -- 4.3 MXene composites-based supercapacitors -- Summary and outlook -- References -- 7 -- MXenes for Sodium-Ion Batteries -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Na-ion batteries -- 3. Summary -- References -- 8 -- MXenes for Biomedical Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MXenes as antibacterial agent -- 3. MXenes as biosensors -- 4. MXenes in bio-imaging -- 5. Therapeutic applications of MXenes -- Discussion -- References -- 9 -- MXene and its Sensing Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MXenes based sensors -- 2.1 MXene for electrochemical (bio) sensing -- 2.2 MXenes for optical sensing -- 2.3 MXene for gas sensing -- 2.4 MXene for piezoresistive sensing -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- back-matter -- Keyword Index -- About the Editors.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis Approaches -- 1.2.1 Selection of Synthetic Raw Materials -- 1.2.2 Solvent Volatility Method -- 1.2.3 Diffusion Method -- 1.2.3.1 Gas Phase Diffusion -- 1.2.3.2 Liquid Phase Diffusion -- 1.2.4 Sol-Gel Method -- 1.2.5 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis Method -- 1.2.6 Stripping Method -- 1.2.7 Microwave Synthesis Method -- 1.2.8 Self-Assembly -- 1.2.9 Special Interface Synthesis Method -- 1.2.10 Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis Method -- 1.2.11 Ultrasonic Synthesis -- 1.3 Structures, Properties, and Applications -- 1.3.1 Structure and Properties of MOFs -- 1.3.2 Application in Biomedicine -- 1.3.3 Application in Gas Storage -- 1.3.4 Application in Sensors -- 1.3.5 Application in Chemical Separation -- 1.3.6 Application in Catalysis -- 1.3.7 Application in Gas Adsorption -- 1.4 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 2D Black Phosphorus -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Research on Black Phosphorus -- 2.2.1 The Structure and Properties -- 2.2.1.1 The Structure of Black Phosphorus -- 2.2.1.2 The Properties of Black Phosphorus -- 2.2.2 Preparation Methods -- 2.2.2.1 Mechanical Exfoliation -- 2.2.2.2 Liquid-Phase Exfoliation -- 2.2.3 Antioxidant -- 2.2.3.1 Degradation Mechanism -- 2.2.3.2 Adding Protective Layer -- 2.2.3.3 Chemical Modification -- 2.2.3.4 Doping -- 2.3 Applications of Black Phosphorus -- 2.3.1 Electronic and Optoelectronic -- 2.3.1.1 Field-Effect Transistors -- 2.3.1.2 Photodetector -- 2.3.2 Energy Storage and Conversion -- 2.3.2.1 Catalysis -- 2.3.2.2 Batteries -- 2.3.2.3 Supercapacitor -- 2.3.3 Biomedical -- 2.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 2D Metal Carbides -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthesis Approaches -- 3.2.1 Ti3C2 Synthesis. , 3.2.2 V2C Synthesis -- 3.2.3 Ti2C Synthesis -- 3.2.4 Mo2C Synthesis -- 3.3 Structures, Properties, and Applications -- 3.3.1 Structures and Properties of 2D Metal Carbides -- 3.3.1.1 Structures and Properties of Ti3C2 -- 3.3.1.2 Structural Properties of Ti2C -- 3.3.1.3 Structural Properties of Mo2C -- 3.3.1.4 Structural Properties of V2C -- 3.3.2 Carbide Materials in Energy Storage Applications -- 3.3.2.1 Ti3C2 -- 3.3.2.2 Ti2C -- 3.3.2.3 V2C -- 3.3.2.4 Mo2C -- 3.3.3 Metal Carbide Materials in Catalysis Applications -- 3.3.3.1 Ti3C2 -- 3.3.3.2 V2C -- 3.3.3.3 Mo2C -- 3.3.4 Metal Carbide Materials in Environmental Management Applications -- 3.3.4.1 Ti3C2 in Environmental Management Applications -- 3.3.4.2 Ti2C in Environmental Management Applications -- 3.3.4.3 V2C in Environmental Management Applications -- 3.3.4.4 Mo2C in Environmental Management Applications -- 3.3.5 Carbide Materials in Biomedicine Applications -- 3.3.5.1 Ti3C2 in Biomedicine Applications -- 3.3.5.2 Ti2C in Biomedicine Applications -- 3.3.5.3 V2C in Biomedicine Applications -- 3.3.5.4 Mo2C in Biomedicine Applications -- 3.3.6 Carbide Materials in Gas Sensing Applications -- 3.3.6.1 Ti3C2 in Gas Sensing Applications -- 3.3.6.2 Ti2C in Gas Sensing Applications -- 3.3.6.3 V2C in Gas Sensing Applications -- 3.3.6.4 Mo2C in Gas Sensing Applications -- 3.4 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 2D Carbon Materials as Photocatalysts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbon Nanostructured-Based Materials -- 4.2.1 Forms of Carbon -- 4.2.2 Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructured-Based Materials -- 4.3 Photo-Degradation of Organic Pollutants -- 4.3.1 Graphene, Graphene Oxide, Graphene Nitride (g-C3N4) -- 4.3.1.1 Graphene-Based Materials -- 4.3.1.2 Graphene Nitride (g-C3N4) -- 4.3.2 Carbon Dots (CDs) -- 4.3.3 Carbon Spheres (CSs). , 4.4 Carbon-Based Materials for Hydrogen Production -- 4.5 Carbon-Based Materials for CO2 Reduction -- References -- Chapter 5 Sensitivity Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Based on Heterostructure of 2D BlueP/MoS2 and MXene -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Proposed SPR Sensor, Design Considerations, and Modeling -- 5.2.1 SPR Sensor and Its Sensing Principle -- 5.2.2 Design Consideration -- 5.2.2.1 Layer 1: Prism for Light Coupling -- 5.2.2.2 Layer 2: Metal Layer -- 5.2.2.3 Layer 3: BlueP/MoS2 Layer -- 5.2.2.4 Layer 4: MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Layer as BRE for Biosensing -- 5.2.2.5 Layer 5: Sensing Medium (RI-1.33-1.335) -- 5.2.3 Proposed Sensor Modeling -- 5.3 Results Discussion -- 5.3.1 Role of Monolayer BlueP/MoS2 and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and Its Comparison With Conventional SPR -- 5.3.2 Influence of Varying Heterostructure Layers for Proposed Design -- 5.3.3 Effect of Changing Prism Material and Metal on Performance of Proposed Design -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 2D Perovskite Materials and Their Device Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structure -- 6.2.1 Crystal Structure -- 6.2.2 Electronic Structure of 2D Perovskites -- 6.2.3 Structure of Photovoltaic Cell -- 6.3 Discussion and Applications -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Introduction and Significant Parameters for Layered Materials -- 7.1 Graphene -- 7.2 Phosphorene -- orthorhombic rhombohedral Simple cubic -- semiconductor semimetal metal -- 7.3 Silicene -- 7.4 ZnO -- 7.5 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) -- 7.6 Germanene and Stanene -- 7.7 Heterostructures -- References -- Chapter 8 Increment in Photocatalytic Activity of g-C3N4 Coupled Sulphides and Oxides for Environmental Remediation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 GCN Coupled Metal Sulphide Heterojunctions for Environment Remediation -- 8.2.1 GCN and MoS2-Based Photocatalysts. , 8.2.2 GCN and CdS-Based Heterojunctions -- 8.2.3 Some Other GCN Coupled Metal Sulphide Photocatalysts -- 8.3 GCN Coupled Metal Oxide Heterojunctions for Environment Remediation -- 8.3.1 GCN and MoO3-Based Heterojunctions -- 8.3.2 GCN and Fe2O3-Based Heterojunctions -- 8.3.3 Some Other GCN Coupled Metal Oxide Photocatalysts -- 8.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 9 2D Zeolites -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 What is 2D Zeolite? -- 9.1.2 Advancement in Zeolites to 2D Zeolite -- 9.2 Synthetic Method -- 9.2.1 Bottom-Up Method -- 9.2.2 Top-Down Method -- 9.2.3 Support-Assisted Method -- 9.2.4 Post-Synthesis Modification of 2D Zeolites -- 9.3 Properties -- 9.4 Applications -- 9.4.1 Petro-Chemistry -- 9.4.2 Biomass Conversion -- 9.4.2.1 Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass -- 9.4.2.2 Condensation Reactions -- 9.4.2.3 Isomerization -- 9.4.2.4 Dehydration Reactions -- 9.4.3 Oxidation Reactions -- 9.4.4 Fine Chemical Synthesis -- 9.4.5 Organometallics -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 2D Hollow Nanomaterials -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Structural Aspects of HNMs -- 10.3 Synthetic Approaches -- 10.3.1 Template-Based Strategies -- 10.3.1.1 Hard Templating -- 10.3.1.2 Soft Templating -- 10.3.2 Self-Templating Strategies -- 10.3.2.1 Surface Protected Etching -- 10.3.2.2 Ostwald Ripening -- 10.3.2.3 Kirkendall Effect -- 10.3.2.4 Galvanic Replacement -- 10.4 Medical Applications of HNMs -- 10.4.1 Imaging and Diagnosis Applications -- 10.4.2 Applications of Nanotube Arrays -- 10.4.2.1 Pharmacy and Medicine -- 10.4.2.2 Cancer Therapy -- 10.4.2.3 Immuno and Hyperthermia Therapy -- 10.4.2.4 Infection Therapy and Gene Therapy -- 10.4.3 Hollow Nanomaterials in Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- 10.4.4 Applications in Regenerative Medicine -- 10.4.5 Anti-Neurodegenerative Applications -- 10.4.6 Photothermal Therapy -- 10.4.7 Biosensors. , 10.5 Non-Medical Applications of HNMs -- 10.5.1 Catalytic Micro or Nanoreactors -- 10.5.2 Energy Storage -- 10.5.2.1 Lithium Ion Battery -- 10.5.2.2 Supercapacitor -- 10.5.3 Nanosensors -- 10.5.4 Wastewater Treatment -- 10.6 Toxicity of 2D HNMs -- 10.7 Future Challenges -- 10.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 11 2D Layered Double Hydroxides -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Structural Aspects -- 11.3 Synthesis of LDHs -- 11.3.1 Co-Precipitation Method -- 11.3.2 Urea Hydrolysis -- 11.3.3 Ion-Exchange Method -- 11.3.4 Reconstruction Method -- 11.3.5 Hydrothermal Method -- 11.3.6 Sol-Gel Method -- 11.4 Nonmedical Applications of LDH -- 11.4.1 Adsorbent -- 11.4.2 Catalyst -- 11.4.3 Sensors -- 11.4.4 Electrode -- 11.4.5 Polymer Additive -- 11.4.6 Anion Scavenger -- 11.4.7 Flame Retardant -- 11.5 Biomedical Applications -- 11.5.1 Biosensors -- 11.5.2 Scaffolds -- 11.5.3 Anti-Microbial Agents -- 11.5.4 Drug Delivery -- 11.5.5 Imaging -- 11.5.6 Protein Purification -- 11.5.7 Gene Delivery -- 11.6 Toxicity -- 11.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 12 Experimental Techniques for Layered Materials -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methods for Synthesis of Graphene Layered Materials -- 12.3 Selection of a Suitable Metallic Substrate -- 12.4 Graphene Synthesis by HFTCVD -- 12.5 Graphene Transfer -- 12.6 Characterization Techniques -- 12.6.1 X-Ray Diffraction Technique -- d D k -- 12.6.2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) -- 12.6.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 12.6.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) -- 12.6.5 UV-Visible Spectroscopy -- 12.6.6 Raman Spectroscopy -- 12.6.7 Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) -- 12.7 Potential Applications of Graphene and Derived Materials -- 12.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 13 Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Borophenes. , 13.1 Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN): An Introduction.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Editors -- Chapter 1. Polythiophene-Based Battery Applications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis -- 1.2.1 Electrochemical Polymerization -- 1.2.2 Chemical Synthesis -- 1.3 Battery Applications of PTs -- 1.3.1 PTs as Cathodic Materials -- 1.3.1.1 PTs as Active Materials -- 1.3.1.2 PTs as Binder -- 1.3.1.3 PTs as Conduction-Promoting Agents -- 1.3.2 PTs as Air Cathode -- 1.3.2.1 Li-Air Batteries -- 1.3.2.2 Aluminum-Air Battery -- 1.3.2.3 Zinc-Air Battery -- 1.3.3 PTs as Anodic Materials -- 1.3.3.1 PTs as Active Materials for Anode -- 1.3.3.2 PTs as Binders -- 1.3.3.3 PTs as Conduction Promoting Agents (CPAs) -- 1.3.4 PTs as Battery Separators -- 1.3.4.1 Li-Ion Batteries -- 1.3.4.2 Li-S Batteries -- 1.3.4.3 Li-O2 Batteries -- 1.3.5 PTs as Electrolytes -- 1.3.6 PTs as Coin-cell Cases -- 1.3.7 PTs as Li-O2 Catalyst -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. Synthetic Strategies and Significant Issues for Pristine Conducting Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conduction Mechanism -- 2.3 Synthesis of Conducting Polymers -- 2.3.1 Synthesis through Polymerization -- 2.3.1.1 Chain-Growth Polymerization -- 2.3.1.2 Step-Growth Polymerization -- 2.3.2 Synthesis by Doping with Compatible Dopants -- 2.3.2.1 Types of Doping Agents -- 2.3.2.2 Doping Techniques -- 2.3.2.3 Mechanism of Doping -- 2.3.2.4 Influence of Doping on Conductivity -- 2.3.3 Electrochemical Polymerization -- 2.3.4 Photochemical Synthesis -- 2.4 Various Issues for Synthesis -- 2.4.1 Vapor-Phase Polymerization -- 2.4.2 Hybrid Conducting Polymers -- 2.4.3 Nanostructure Conducting Polymers -- 2.4.4 Narrow Bandgap Conducting Polymers -- 2.4.5 Synthesis in Supercritical CO2 -- 2.4.6 Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Conducting Polymers -- 2.5 Applications. , 2.6 Future Scope for Applications -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3. Conducting Polymer Derived Materials for Batteries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theory -- 3.3 Discussion on Conducting Polymer-Derived Materials -- 3.3.1 PEDOT Derivatives -- 3.3.1.1 Structural Properties -- 3.3.1.2 Electrochemical Studies of PEDOT and Its Derivatives -- 3.3.1.3 Magnetic Properties -- 3.3.2 PPy for the Energy-Storage Devices -- 3.3.2.1 Structural Property of PPy -- 3.3.2.2 Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrol -- 3.3.2.3 Magnetic Properties -- 3.3.3 PANI for Battery Application -- 3.3.3.1 Structural Properties -- 3.3.3.2 Electrochemical Properties of PANI for Battery Electrode -- 3.3.3.3 Magnetic Properties of PANI -- 3.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. An Overview on Conducting Polymer-Based Materials for Battery Application -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Principle of Conducting Polymer Battery -- 4.3 Assortment of Conducting Polymer Electrodes for Battery Application -- 4.4 Mechanism of Conducting Polymers in Rechargeable Batteries -- 4.5 Organic Conducting Polymer for Lithium-ion Battery -- 4.5.1 Types of Organic Conducting Polymers -- 4.6 Synthesis of Conducting Polymer -- 4.6.1 Hard-template Method -- 4.6.2 Soft-template Method -- 4.6.3 Template-free Technique -- 4.6.4 Self-Assembly or Interfacial -- 4.6.5 Electrospinning -- 4.7 Characterization -- 4.7.1 Surface Characterization by AFM and AFMIR -- 4.7.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 4.7.3 Electrochemical Characterization -- 4.8 Applications of Various Conducting Polymers in Battery -- 4.8.1 Polyacetylene Battery -- 4.8.2 Polyaniline Batteries -- 4.8.3 Poly (p-phenylene) Batteries -- 4.8.4 Heterocyclic Polymer Batteries -- 4.9 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5. Polymer-Based Binary Nanocomposites -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Binary Composites. , 5.3 Nanostructured CPs -- 5.4 Strategies to Improve Performance -- 5.4.1 Low-dimensional Capacitors -- 5.4.2 Hybrid Capacitors -- 5.4.2.1 Hybrid Electrode Material -- 5.5 CP/Carbon-based Binary Composite -- 5.6 CP/Metal Oxides Binary Composites -- 5.7 CP/Metal Sulfides Binary Complexes -- 5.8 Other Cp-supported Binary Complexes -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Polyaniline-Based Supercapacitor Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Polyaniline (PANI) and Its Application Potential -- 6.3 Supercapacitors -- 6.3.1 PANI in Supercapacitors -- 6.3.2 PANI and Carbon Composites -- 6.3.3 PANI/Porous and Carbon Composites -- 6.3.4 PANI/Graphene Composites -- 6.3.5 PANI/CNTs Composites -- 6.3.6 Polyaniline Activation/Carbonization -- 6.3.7 Composites of Polyaniline with Various Conductive Polymer Blends -- 6.3.8 Composites of Polyaniline with Transition Metal Oxides -- 6.3.9 Composites of Polyaniline Core-Shells with Metal Oxides -- 6.3.10 PANI-modified Cathode Materials -- 6.3.11 PANI-modified Anode Materials -- 6.4 Redox-active Electrolytes for PANI Supercapacitors -- 6.5 Examples of Various Polyaniline-based Supercapacitor -- 6.5.1 Composites of Polyaniline Doped with CoCl2 as Materials for Electrodes -- 6.5.2 Composites of Polyaniline Nanofibers with Graphene as materials for electrodes -- 6.5.3 Composites of Polyaniline (PANI) with Graphene Oxide as Electrode Materials -- 6.5.4 Hybrid Films of Manganese Dioxide and Polyaniline as Electrode Materials -- 6.5.5 Composites of Activated Carbon/Polyaniline with Tungsten Trioxide as Electrode Materials -- 6.5.6 PANI- and MOF-based Flexible Solid-state Supercapacitors -- 6.5.7 Polyaniline-based Nickel Electrodes for Electrochemical Supercapacitors -- 6.5.8 Hydrogel of Ultrathin Pure Polyaniline Nanofibers in Supercapacitor Application -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 7. Conductive Polymer-derived Materials for Supercapacitor -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of Supercapacitor -- 7.3 Parameters of Supercapacitors -- 7.4 Conducting Polymers (CPs) as Electrode Materials -- 7.4.1 Class of Conducting Polymer as Supercapacitor Electrode -- 7.5 Polyaniline (PANI)-based Electrode -- 7.6 Polypyrrole (PPy)-based Electrode -- 7.7 Polythiophene (PTh)-based Electrode -- 7.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8. Conducting Polymer-Metal Based Binary Composites for Battery Applications -- 8.1 Conducting polymer (CPs) -- 8.2 Conducting polymers conductivity -- 8.3 Conducting polymer composites -- 8.3.1 Metal center nanoparticles -- 8.3.2 Metal nanoparticles -- 8.4 Conducting Polymer Based Binary Composites -- 8.4.1 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) -- 8.4.2 Poly (Thiophene) composite -- 8.4.3 Poly (Para-Phenylene Vinylene) composite -- 8.4.4 Poly (Carbazole) composite -- 8.4.5 Vanadium oxide based conducting composite -- 8.4.6 PANI-V2O5 composite -- 8.4.7 Poly(N-sulfo propyl aniline)-V2O5 composite -- 8.5 Conducting polymer composite battery applications -- 8.5.1 Conducting polymer composite for Lithium-ion (Li+) based battery -- 8.5.2 Conducting polymer composites for Sodium-ion (Na+) based Battery -- 8.5.3 Conducting Polymer composite for Mg-Ion (Mg+2) Based Battery -- 8.6 Conducting polymer based composites for electrode materials -- References -- Chapter 9. Novel Conducting Polymer-Based Battery Application -- 9.1 Conducting Polymers (CPs) -- 9.1.1 Poly(Acetylene) -- 9.1.2 Poly(Thiophene) -- 9.1.3 Poly(Aniline) -- 9.1.4 Poly(Pyrrole) -- 9.1.5 Poly(Paraphenylene) and Poly(Phenylene) -- 9.2 Battery Applications of Conducting Polymers -- 9.2.1 Lithium Sulfide batteries -- 9.2.2 Binder for Lithium sulfide battery cathode -- 9.2.3 Sulfur encapsulation for electrode materials. , 9.2.4 Sulfur Encapsulation through Conductive Polymers -- 9.2.5 Conducting polymer anodes for Lithium sulfide battery -- 9.2.6 Conducting polymer as materials interlayer -- 9.3 Li+-ion-based Battery Applications of Conducting Polymers -- 9.4 Na+- ion-based Battery Applications of Conducting Polymers -- 9.5 Mg+2-ion-based Battery Applications of Conducting Polymers -- References -- Chapter 10. Conducting Polymer-Carbon-Based Binary Composites for Battery Applications -- Abbreviations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Batteries -- 10.2.1 Types of Batteries -- 10.2.2 Electrode Materials -- 10.3 Conducting Polymer-Carbon-Based Binary Composite in Battery Applications -- 10.3.1 Polyaniline PANI-Carbon-Based Composite -- 10.3.2 Polypyrrole (PPy)-Carbon-Based Composite -- 10.3.3 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-Carbon-Based Composite -- 10.3.4 Others Conducting Polymer-Carbon-Based Composite -- 10.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. Polyethylenedioxythiophene-Based Battery Applications -- 11.1 Chemistry of PEDOT -- 11.1.1 PEDOT Synthesis and Morphology -- 11.1.1.1 Synthetic Techniques to Achieve Desired Morphologies -- 11.1.2 PEDOT-Based Nanocomposites -- 11.2 PEDOT-Based Polymers in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries -- 11.3 Lithium-Air Battery Based on PEDOT or PEDOT:PSS -- 11.3.1 PEDOT-Based Nanocomposites for Li-O2 Batteries -- 11.3.2 PEDOT:PSS-Based Li-O2 Battery Cathodes -- 11.4 Lithium and Alkali Ion Polythiophene Batteries -- 11.4.1 Cathodes -- 11.4.1.1 Cathode Binders and Composites -- 11.4.2 Anodes -- 11.4.2.1 Anode Binders and Composites -- 11.4.3 All-Polythiophene and Metal-Free Batteries -- References -- Chapter 12. Polythiophene-Based Supercapacitor Applications -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Properties of Polythiophene (PTh) -- 12.3 Synthesis of Polythiophene -- 12.4 Charge Storage in Polythiophene Electrochemical Capacitors. , 12.5 Polythiophene Electrode Fabrication.