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  • Articles  (6)
  • Cyanobacteria  (2)
  • Diatoms  (2)
  • Breast cancer  (1)
  • Eddy-wind interaction  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ cytokine production by breast cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 3 (1996), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Immunohistochemistry Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Tumor growth factor-beta 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Human breast cancers progressively grow despite the presence of extensive lymphocytic infiltration and specific antitumor immune recognition, thereby calling into question the competency of breast tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The function of breast TILs in vivo and their possible role in the suppression of an antitumor immune response are largely unknown. Methods: The cytokines produced in situ by lymphocytes in 89 breast carcinomas and 14 benign breast lesions were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The majority of tumor and benign breast samples contained T-cell infiltrates, which were disclosed using an anti-CD3 antibody stain. The percentage of tumor samples in which ⩾3% of the lymphocytes were producing cytokines was as follows: interleukin (IL)-2 45%, IL-4 36%, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 28%, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) 20%, IL-10 11%, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 4%, and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 3%. Production of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1 by TILs in breast cancers exceeded that detected in benign breast lesions (p〈0.005). Significantly more tumor samples contained lymphocytes producing IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β1, and TNF-α than IFN-γ and GM-CSF (p〈0.002 for each comparison). One or more of the potentially immunoinhibitory cytokines—IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-β1—were produced by lymphocytes in 44% of the specimens. No significant associations were seen between lymphocyte production of a particular cytokine and disease-free survival (median follow-up 43 months). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical techniques can be used to detect cytokine secretion by TILs in preserved tissue. The relative lack of secretion of IFN-γ and GM-CSF, rather than a deficiency of IL-2, may explain why the antitumor immune response to breast cancer is impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02305798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Phosphorus supply drives rapid turnover of membrane phospholipids in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in The ISME Journal 5 (2011): 1057–1060, doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.192.
    Description: In low phosphorus (P) marine systems phytoplankton replace membrane phospholipids with non-phosphorus lipids, but it is not known how rapidly this substitution occurs. Here, when cells of the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were transferred from P-replete medium to P-free medium, the phospholipid content of the cells rapidly declined within 48 h from 45±0.9% to 21±4.5% of total membrane lipids; the difference was made up by non-phosphorus lipids. Conversely, when P-limited T. pseudonana were resupplied with P, cells reduced the percentage of their total membrane lipid contributed by a non-phosphorus lipid from 43±1.5% to 7.3±0.9% within 24 h, while the contribution by phospholipids rose from 2.2±0.1% to 44±3%. This dynamic phospholipid reservoir contained sufficient P to synthesize multiple haploid genomes, suggesting that phospholipid turnover could be an important P source for cells. Field observations of phytoplankton lipid content may thus reflect short-term changes in P supply and cellular physiology, rather than simply long-term adjustment to the environment.
    Description: This research was funded by NSF OCE-0646944 and OCE- 1045670 (B.V.M.), OCE-0723677 and OCE-0549794 (S.T.D.), and by the Graduate School, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (P.M).
    Keywords: Betaine lipids ; DGCC ; Lipid substitution ; Non-phosphorus lipids ; Phosphatidylcholine ; Diatoms
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Mesoscale eddies and Trichodesmium spp. distributions in the southwestern North Atlantic (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 4129–4150, doi:10.1002/2015JC010728.
    Description: Correlations of Trichodesmium colony abundance with the eddy field emerged in two segments of Video Plankton Recorder observations made in the southwestern North Atlantic during fall 2010 and spring 2011. In fall 2010, local maxima in abundance were observed in cyclones. We hypothesized surface Ekman transport convergence as a mechanism for trapping buoyant colonies in cyclones. Idealized models supported the potential of this process to influence the distribution of buoyant colonies over time scales of several months. In spring 2011, the highest vertically integrated colony abundances were observed in anticyclones. These peaks in abundance correlated with anomalously fresh water, suggesting riverine input as a driver of the relationship. These contrasting results in cyclones and anticyclones highlight distinct mechanisms by which mesoscale eddies can influence the abundance and distribution of Trichodesmium populations of the southwestern North Atlantic.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge support of this research by NSF and NASA. A NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship supported E. Olson's graduate studies.
    Keywords: Eddy-wind interaction ; Amazon plume ; Video plankton recorder
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (2008): 1049-1056, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010.
    Description: The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.
    Description: This paper was developed under the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) core research project on HABs and Eutrophication and the GEOHAB regional focus on HABs in Asia. GEOHAB is supported by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), which are, in turn, supported by multiple agencies, including NSF and NOAA of the USA.
    Keywords: Urea dumping ; Ocean fertilization ; Carbon credits ; Sulu Sea ; Carbon sequestration ; Harmful algae ; Toxic dinoflagellates ; Cyanobacteria ; Hypoxia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 5
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    Alkaline phosphatase activities for in situ and incubation samples from RV/Atlantic Explorer cruise AE1812 cruise transect from Bermuda to Rhode Island in May 2018. (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: AE1812 Alkaline phosphatase
    Description: This dataset reports alkaline phosphatase activities (APA) for 3 incubation runs and 33 in situ samples collected on RV/Atlantic Explorer cruise AE1812 in May 2018. The samples were collected between Bermuda and Rhode Island. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739973
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1558506
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Diatoms
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 6
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    Arsenate resistance in the unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 2 (2011): 214, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00214.
    Description: The toxic arsenate ion can behave as a phosphate analog, and this can result in arsenate toxicity especially in areas with elevated arsenate to phosphate ratios like the surface waters of the ocean gyres. In these systems, cellular arsenate resistance strategies would allow phytoplankton to ameliorate the effects of arsenate transport into the cell. Despite the potential coupling between arsenate and phosphate cycling in oligotrophic marine waters, relatively little is known about arsenate resistance in the nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria that are key components of the microbial community in low nutrient systems. The unicellular diazotroph, Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501, was able to grow at reduced rates with arsenate additions up to 30 nM, and estimated arsenate to phosphate ratios of 6:1. The genome of strain WH8501 contains homologs for arsA, arsH, arsB, and arsC, allowing for the reduction of arsenate to arsenite and the pumping of arsenite out of the cell. The short-term addition of arsenate to the growth medium had no effect on nitrogen fixation. However, arsenate addition did result in the up-regulation of the arsB gene with increasing arsenate concentrations, indicating the induction of the arsenate detoxification response. The arsB gene was also up-regulated by phosphorus stress in concert with a gene encoding the high-affinity phosphate binding protein pstS. Both genes were down-regulated when phosphate was re-fed to phosphorus-stressed cells. A field survey of surface water from the low phosphate western North Atlantic detected expression of C. watsonii arsB, suggestive of the potential importance of arsenate resistance strategies in this and perhaps other systems.
    Description: This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation #OCE-0451419, and the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education.
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Phosphorus ; Marine ; Arsenate ; Diazotroph ; Crocosphaera
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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