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  • Suicide  (3)
  • Androgen receptor  (2)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychopharmakologie ; Suizid ; Schizophrenie ; Risikofaktoren ; Psychopathologie ; Keywords Psychopharmacology ; Suicide ; Schizophrenia ; Risk facotrs ; Psychopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For all 5.352 patients treated for schizophrenia at the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich in 1981 and 1992, detailed routine and data processing-assisted documentations were made of the psychopharmacological therapies. Nineteen of the patients committed suicide while undergoing inpatient treatment; the control group consisted of all other patients (n=5.333). More than 77 sociodemographic and anamnestic variables as well as 195 items from the admission summaries were taken into account while comparing the groups. Furthermore, the pharmacological data were classified according to drug groups and comparison was based on the mean frequency of prescription of each group. We analyzed the mean number of prescriptions for neuroleptics, tranquilizers, and antidepressants, which were further differentiated into sedating and nonsedating types. For frequently administered drugs, mean daily doses were also compared. Bivariate analysis of the data suggests that the suicide cases presented depressive signs, symptoms, and tendencies already present on admission more frequently than with controls; the same applies to previously attempted suicides. Discriminating analysis showed that the variables “feeling of loss of feelings,“ thought insertion,”“visible depression,”“free-floating anxiety,”“suicidal tendencies,” and “previously attempted suicide” have the greatest predictive value with respect to suicide, in descending order. No differences in psychopharmacological treatment between suicides and controls were found, apart from a significantly higher percentage of antidepressive treatments and a higher mean number of antidepressant prescriptions for the suicides.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei allen 5.352 im Zeitraum 1981–1992 in der Psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität München stationär aufgenommenen schizophrenen Patienten wurde systematisch sowohl eine Routinedokumentation mit dem AMDP-System als auch eine computergestützte Dokumentation der pharmakologischen Behandlung durchgeführt. 19 dieser Patienten suizidierten sich während des stationären Aufenthaltes, wobei die Kontrollgruppe aus allen übrigen Patienten gebildet wurde (n=5.333). In den Gruppenvergleich gingen alle soziodemographischen und krankheitsanamnestischen Variablen sowie alle Items des AMDP-Aufnahmebefundes ein. Ferner wurden die pharmakologischen Daten nach Medikamentengruppen zusammengefasst und hinsichtlich der Verordnungshäufigkeiten der jeweiligen Pharmakagruppen verglichen. Die bivariate Auswertung zeigte neben häufigeren Suizidversuchen in der Vorgeschichte ein bei den säteren Suizidenten bereits bei Aufnahme häufiger vorliegendes depressiv-suizidales Syndrom, wobei diskriminanzanalytisch in absteigender Reihenfolge die Variablen “Gefühl der Gefühllosigkeit”, “Gedankeneingebung”, “beobachtete Depression”, “frei flottierende Angst”, “Suizidalität” und “Suizidversuch in der Vorgeschichte” die größte prädiktive Kraft in Richtung Suizid entfalteten. Mit Ausnahme einer signifikanten Erhöhung sowohl des prozentualen Anteils der antidepressiv behandelten Patienten als auch der mittleren Anzahl der Antidepressivaverordnungen in der Suizidgruppe fanden sich keine Anhaltspunkte für eine zwischen den beiden Gruppen wesentlich differierende psychopharmakologische Behandlung.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 187 (1987), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Androgen receptor ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Ontogeny ; Puberty ; Prostate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of cytosolic androgen receptor, DNA and soluble protein, contents of DHT, and in-vivo uptake of3H-DHT were measured in rat ventral prostates at 5-day intervals during sexual development. Regarding prostate weight two phases of growth were noted being separated by a period of stagnation from Day 40 to 45. Cytosolic androgen receptor, particle-bound DHT, and uptake of3H-DHT into the 100,000-g sediment showed a clear pattern: a maximum in the prepubertal animal at age Day 20, a minimum at age Day 30 (4 days after the early pubertal rise of LH, testosterone, and DHT) followed by a second maximum on Day 55 (2 days before the beginning of fertility), and a second minimum in the young mature animal on Day 70. An intermediate peak seen at age Day 37 was not significant. Neither the time-dependent profile of the cytosolic androgen receptor nor the contents and in vivo uptake of DHT were correlated to concentrations of circulating gonadotrophins, growth hormone, and sex-steroids measured during puberty in the same strain of animals. Therefore, the regulating mechanism remains unclear.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 451-462 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Androgen receptor ; Diurnal rhythm ; Rat ventral prostate ; Seasonal rhythm ; Testosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Low- and high-salt (600 mM KCl) extractable androgen receptors were measured in the ventral prostate lobes of 70-day-old rats which were housed in constant environmental conditions (22 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% air humidity, light 6.00 h–18.00 h). Seasonal variations were observed during 2 years, exhibiting elevations in late summer and autumn and depressions in late winter and spring time. These fluctuations were superposed by steep changes from month to month. The maximum and minimum values of the low- and high-salt extractable receptors differed within 1 year by a factor 8.5 and 2.4, respectively. Both receptor fractions showed a diurnal rhythm as measured during 1 day in January with maximal concentrations at 9.00 h (low-salt: median = 1 308 fmol/mg DNA) and minimal values at 18.00 (424) and 24.00 (230). The electrophoretic mobility in agar gel of pH 8.2 also showed a diurnal variation with maximal values at 18.00 h in either receptor fraction. Neither the seasonal nor the diurnal variations were correlated to the corresponding rhythms of serum testosterone concentrations. As steroid receptors may be regulated by neural transmission, in a final experiment the parasympathic innervation of the prostate was blocked by infiltrating the plexus pelvicus with a local anesthetic drug. One hour later, the total receptor concentration was not changed, while the ratio of low- to high-salt extractable receptors and the electrophoretic mobility of both fractions were elevated as compared to the control animals. This finding indicates that peripheral neural transmission rather than circulating testosterone may be involved in the regulation of androgen receptors in rat ventral prostate.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Unipolar ; Bipolar ; Depression ; Suicidality ; Suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present analyses was to evaluate differences in suicidality (past suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts at time of admission and completed suicides during the hospital stay) between bipolar and unipolar depressed inpatients. Apart from a higher frequency of past suicide attempts in bipolar depressed patients (26.6% in bipolar vs. 17.8% in unipolar patients), findings do not indicate any further differences in suicidality (suicidal thoughts (about 40% in both groups) and completed suicides during the hospital stay (0.8% in both groups)) between bipolar and unipolar patients. Factors with a predictive value for suicidal thoughts at the time of admission were a positive family history for affective disorders, past suicide attempts, and the depressive and paranoid hallucinatory syndrome (all associated with an increased risk). Female gender, an older age at hospitalisation and a longer duration of the illness were found to be associated with a lower probability for having suicidal tendencies at the time of admission. The risk for committing suicide during the hospital stay was increased if the patients had a history of past suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts at the time of admission. A more pronounced depressive syndrome at time of admission was slightly associated with a lower risk of committing suicide.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Suicide ; Attempted suicide ; Suicidal act ; Parasuicidal act ; Suicide prevention services ; Suicid ; Suicidversuch ; Suicidale Handlung ; Parasuicidale Handlung ; Selbstmordverhütungsinstitutionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 150 Patienten mit Tablettenselbstmordversuch warden soziale und psychiatrische Daten analysiert. Die sozialen Daten werden in Beziehung gesetzt zu einer Vergleichsgruppe von Suicidenten. Bei den psychiatrischen Daten werden insbesondere Informationen über das Selbstmordverhalten herausgearbeitet. Der letzte Teil der Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Bekanntheit und der Inanspruchnahme von Selbstmordverhütungsinstitutionen.
    Notes: Summary Social and psychiatric data on patients who attempted suicide are analysed and compared with social data on a control group of persons who succeeded in committing suicide. Among the psychiatric data, information about presuicidal and suicidal behavior is elaborated. The last part of the analysis describes how many people know about and use suicide prevention services.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 206 (1932), S. 227-240 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde gezeigt, daß bei der Umsetzung von Natriumphosphat mit Calciumnitrat bei Gegenwart von überschüssigem Ammoniak in wäßriger Lösung als primäre Kristallart stets nur Hytlroxylapatit Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ausfällt und nicht Tricalciumphosphat, wie bisher angenommen wurde. Für das weitere Verhalten des Niederschlags beim Trocknen und für seine Gesamtzusammensetzung ist ausschlaggebend, ob bei der Fällung Gelegenheit gegeben war, überschüssiges P2,05 zu adsorbieren. Wenn das der Fall ist, so werden Zusammensetzungen erreicht, die der des Tricalciumpliosphats naheliegen. Diese Verbindung selbst, wird erst erhalten, wenn die Adsorptionsbindung durch Glühen zerstört wird. Dabei entstehen darin entsprechend der Gesamtzusammensetzung durch Reaktion im festen Zustand Gemenge von β-Tricalciumphosphat und Hydroxylapatit, vielfach auch mehr oder weniger reines Tricalciumphosphat.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicopper trihydroxide nitrite ; crystal structure ; i.r., Raman spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lattice Vibration Spectra. LXXVI. On Basic Copper Salts  -  Crystal Structure, IR and Raman Spectra of Cu2(OH)3NO2Single-crystal X-ray as well as IR and Raman data of Cu2(OH)3NO2 are presented and discussed with respect to an order-disorder (OD) phase transition and the strength of hydrogen bonds. Cu2(OH)3NO2 crystallizes pseudosymmetrically in the monoclinic space group P21/m (Z = 2, a = 562.22(4), b = 605.94(5), c = 663.55(4) pm and β = 95.415(5)°) forming a layered structure of edge-connected, elongated CuO6 octahedra (final R value 2.5% for 1047 symmetry averaged reflections with I ≥ 2.5 μ1). The NO2- ions are on a split position with dynamic disordering at ambient temperature. On temperature lowering the disorder is frozen out with a symmetry decrease to space group P21. The disorder of the NO2- ions causes four different arrangements of OH(2)- with different strengths of the H…O hydrogen bonds present OD stretching modes in the spectra of isotopically dilute samples 2628, 2535, 2435, and 2343 cm-1 at 90 K. The OH(1)- ions form weak H…N H-bonds to the lone-pair of the nitrogen atoms of the NO2- ions (vOD 2563 cm-1).
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur sowie die IR- und Raman-Spektren von Cu2(OH)3NO2 werden mitgeteilt und im Hinblick auf eine Ordnungs-Unordnungs(OD)-Phasenumwandlung sowie die Stärke der vorhandenen Wasserstoffbrücken diskutiert. Das basische Nitrit kristallisiert pseudosymmetrisch in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/m (Z = 2, R = 2,5%, 1047 symmetriegemittelte Reflexe mit 1 〉 2,5 μ1). Cu2(OH)3NO2 bildet eine Schichtenstruktur kantenverknüpfter, gestreckter CuO6-Oktaeder. Die Nitritionen befinden sich auf einer Splitlage mit dynamischer Fehlordnung bei Raumtemperatur. Bei niedrigeren Temperaturen friert die Fehlordnung unter Bildung von NO2--Zick-Zack-Ketten und Symmetrieerniedrigung zu P21 aus. Aufgrund der Fehlordnung der NO2--Ionen ergeben sich für die OH(2)--Ionen vier verschiedene Anordnungen mit entsprechend unterschiedlich starken H-Brücken (H…O). Die OH(1)--Ionen bilden H…N-Wasserstoffbrücken zum freien Elektronenpaar des N-Atoms der NO2--Ionen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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