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  • Springer  (16)
  • Oxford Univ. Press  (7)
  • Nature Research  (4)
  • 1
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    Food web changes under ocean acidification promote herring larvae survival (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2 . pp. 836-840.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Ocean acidification—the decrease in seawater pH due to rising CO2 concentrations—has been shown to lower survival in early life stages of fish and, as a consequence, the recruitment of populations including commercially important species. To date, ocean-acidification studies with fish larvae have focused on the direct physiological impacts of elevated CO2, but largely ignored the potential effects of ocean acidification on food web interactions. In an in situ mesocosm study on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae as top predators in a pelagic food web, we account for indirect CO2 effects on larval survival mediated by changes in food availability. The community was exposed to projected end-of-the-century CO2 conditions (~760 µatm pCO2) over a period of 113 days. In contrast with laboratory studies that reported a decrease in fish survival, the survival of the herring larvae in situ was significantly enhanced by 19 ± 2%. Analysis of the plankton community dynamics suggested that the herring larvae benefitted from a CO2-stimulated increase in primary production. Such indirect effects may counteract the possible direct negative effects of ocean acidification on the survival of fish early life stages. These findings emphasize the need to assess the food web effects of ocean acidification on fish larvae before we can predict even the sign of change in fish recruitment in a high-CO2 ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0514-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Effects of parental acclimation and energy limitation in response to high CO2 exposure in Atlantic cod (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 8 . Art.Nr. 8348.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), the dissolution of excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide in ocean waters, is a potential stressor to many marine fish species. Whether species have the potential to acclimate and adapt to changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry is still largely unanswered. Simulation experiments across several generations are challenging for large commercially exploited species because of their long generation times. For Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), we present first data on the effects of parental acclimation to elevated aquatic CO2 on larval survival, a fundamental parameter determining population recruitment. The parental generation in this study was exposed to either ambient or elevated aquatic CO2 levels simulating end-of-century OA levels (~1100 µatm CO2) for six weeks prior to spawning. Upon fully reciprocal exposure of the F1 generation, we quantified larval survival, combined with two larval feeding regimes in order to investigate the potential effect of energy limitation. We found a significant reduction in larval survival at elevated CO2 that was partly compensated by parental acclimation to the same CO2 exposure. Such compensation was only observed in the treatment with high food availability. This complex 3-way interaction indicates that surplus metabolic resources need to be available to allow a transgenerational alleviation response to ocean acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26711-y
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Appraisal of Warm-Temperate South African Mangrove Estuaries as Habitats to Enhance Larval Nutritional Condition and Growth of Gilchristella aestuaria (Family Clupeidae) Using RNA:DNA Ratios (2018)
    Springer
    In:  Estuaries and Coasts, 41 (5). pp. 1463-1474.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Estuaries are highly dynamic systems that serve as nursery areas to fishes and are likely to vary in nursery function, mostly due to habitat quality and food availability. Mangroves are thought to be good nurseries as they enhance food availability and protection, improving growth and survival of juvenile fishes. Food quantity and quality may be reflected in nutritional condition, which may in turn be a useful proxy for growth and survival of larval fishes. This study compared the nutritional condition and growth rate of 793 late stage larvae of estuarine roundherring, Gilchristella aestuaria, by using RNA:DNA indices to indirectly compare the feeding environment among similar warm-temperate mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries in South Africa during January 2015 and 2016. Results indicated that G. aestuaria larvae had differing nutritional conditions within the sampling years and within the estuaries. The standardised RNA:DNA (sRD) as well as the RNA residual index values were higher within mangrove estuaries only in 2016. The instantaneous growth rates (Gi) of larvae in mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries were similar; however, post-flexion larvae were found to have a higher Gi and sRD in mangrove estuaries. Turbidity was the major factor influencing the nutritional condition of G. aestuaria larvae. Mangroves have been found to act as sediment sinks and thus may provide advantages that increase feeding success for post-flexion larvae; however, more is yet to be understood in terms of feeding environment dynamics and how habitat quality influences the survival of larval fishes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s12237-018-0375-x
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  • 4
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    Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate administration during early life: effects on performance, immunity and microbial community of European sea bass yolk-sac larvae (2017)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 7 (1). Art.No. 15022.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: The reliable production of marine fish larvae is one of the major bottlenecks in aquaculture due to high mortalities mainly caused by infectious diseases. To evaluate if the compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) might be a suitable immunoprophylactic measure in fish larviculture, its capacity to improve immunity and performance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) yolk-sac larvae was explored. PHB was applied from mouth opening onwards to stimulate the developing larval immune system at the earliest possible point in time. Larval survival, growth, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles and disease resistance were assessed. PHB administration improved larval survival and, furthermore, altered the larva-associated microbiota composition. The bacterial challenge test using pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum revealed that the larval disease resistance was not influenced by PHB. The expression profiles of 26 genes involved e.g. in the immune response showed that PHB affected the expression of the antimicrobial peptides ferritin (fer) and dicentracin (dic), however, the response to PHB was inconsistent and weaker than previously demonstrated for sea bass post-larvae. Hence, the present study highlights the need for more research focusing on the immunostimulation of different early developmental stages for gaining a more comprehensive picture and advancing a sustainable production of high quality fry.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14785-z
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Quantifying top-down control and ecological traits of the scyphozoan Aurelia aurita through a dynamic plankton model (2018)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Plankton Research, 40 (6). pp. 678-692.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Aurelia aurita (Linneaus, 1758) is a cosmopolitan scyphozoan, probably the most investigated jellyfish in temperate and highly productive coastal ecosystems. Despite a prominent top-down control in plankton food webs, a mechanistic understanding of A. aurita population dynamics and trophic interactions has been barely addressed. Here we develop a food web dynamic model to assess A. aurita role in the seasonal plankton dynamics of the Kiel Fjord, southwestern Baltic Sea. The model couples low trophic level dynamics, based on a classical Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus (NPZD) model, to a stage-resolved copepod model (referencing Pseudocalanus sp.) and a jellyfish model (A. aurita ephyra and medusa) as consumers and predators, respectively. Simulations showed the relevance of high abundances of A. aurita, which appear related with warm winter temperatures, promoting a shift from a copepod-dominated food web to a ciliate and medusa dominated one. The model captured the intraspecific competition triggered by the medusae abundance and characterized by a negative relationship between population density and individual size/weight. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of an emergent trait such as size shaping the food web functioning, driving predation rates and population dynamics of A. aurita, driving its sexual reproductive strategy at the end of the pelagic phase.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fby041
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Salinity dependence of recruitment success of the sea star Asterias rubens in the brackish western Baltic Sea (2015)
    Springer
    In:  Helgoland Marine Research, 69 (2). pp. 169-175.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: Salinity strongly influences development and distribution of the sea star Asterias rubens. In Kiel Fjord, located in the western Baltic Sea, A. rubens is the only echinoderm species and one of the main benthic predators controlling blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) abundance. However, Kiel Fjord with an average salinity of about 15 is located close to the eastern distribution boundary of A. rubens in the Baltic Sea. In this study, we combined field and laboratory investigations to test whether the salinity of Kiel Fjord is high enough to enable successful development of A. rubens. Sea star eggs were fertilized in vitro, and development was monitored in the laboratory at four salinities (9, 12, 15 and 18) for 10 weeks. At a salinity of 9, development ceased prior to the blastula stage. At a salinity of 12, no larvae reached metamorphosis. At higher salinities, larvae developed normally and metamorphosed into juvenile sea stars. Abundances of A. rubens larvae and settled juveniles were also observed in Kiel Fjord and correlated to salinity values measured from March until June during 6 years (2005–2010). Results revealed high A. rubens settlement rates only in 2009, the year when salinity was the highest and least variable during the period of spawning and larval development. It appears that only years with high and stable salinities permit recruitment of A. rubens in Kiel Fjord. Projected desalination of the Baltic Sea could shift the distribution of A. rubens in the western Baltic Sea north-westwards and may lead to local extinction of a keystone species of the benthic ecosystem.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    DOI: 10.1007/s10152-015-0425-8
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  • 7
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    Within- and transgenerational effects of ocean acidification on life history of marine three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 161 (7). pp. 1667-1676.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Some studies have demonstrated that elevated CO2 concentrations in ocean waters negatively impact metabolism and development of marine fish. Particularly, early developmental stages are probably more susceptible to ocean acidification due to insufficient regulations of their acid-base balance. Transgenerational acclimation can be an important mechanism to mediate impacts of increased CO2 on marine species, yet very little is known about the potential of parental effects in teleosts. Therefore, transgenerational effects were investigated on life history in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus by acclimating parents (collected in April 2012, 55A degrees 03'N, 8A degrees 44'E) and offspring to ambient (similar to 400 A mu atm) and elevated (similar to 1,000 A mu atm) CO2 levels and measured parental fecundity as well as offspring survival, growth and otolith characteristics. Exposure to elevated CO2 concentrations led to an increase in clutch size in adults as well as increased juvenile survival and growth rates between 60 and 90 days post-hatch and enlarged otolith areas compared with fish from ambient CO2 concentrations. Moreover, transgenerational effects were observed in reduced survival and body size 30 days post-hatch as well as in enlarged otoliths at the end of the experiment, when fathers or both parents were acclimated to the high-CO2 environment. These results may suggest that elevated CO2 concentrations had rather positive effects on life-history traits of three-spined sticklebacks, but that parental acclimation can modify these effects without improving offspring fitness. Although the mechanistic basis of such transgenerational acclimation remains unclear, selective gradients within generations seem to determine the direction of transgenerational effects.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-014-2450-6
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  • 8
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    Egg and early larval stages of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua, are robust to high levels of ocean acidification (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 160 (8). pp. 1825-1834.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will lower the pH in ocean waters, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). Despite its potentially detrimental effects on calcifying organisms, experimental studies on the possible impacts on fish remain scarce. While adults will most likely remain relatively unaffected by changes in seawater pH, early life-history stages are potentially more sensitive, due to the lack of gills with specialized ion-regulatory mechanisms. We tested the effects of OA on growth and development of embryos and larvae of eastern Baltic cod, the commercially most important fish stock in the Baltic Sea. Cod were reared from newly fertilized eggs to early non-feeding larvae in 5 different experiments looking at a range of response variables to OA, as well as the combined effect of CO2 and temperature. No effect on hatching, survival, development, and otolith size was found at any stage in the development of Baltic cod. Field data show that in the Bornholm Basin, the main spawning site of eastern Baltic cod, in situ levels of pCO2 are already at levels of 1,100 μatm with a pH of 7.2, mainly due to high eutrophication supporting microbial activity and permanent stratification with little water exchange. Our data show that the eggs and early larval stages of Baltic cod seem to be robust to even high levels of OA (3,200 μatm), indicating an adaptational response to CO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-011-1876-3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Essential fatty acid (docosahexaeonic, DHA) availability affects growth of larval herring in the field (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 161 (1). pp. 239-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-09
    Description: Larval fish growth and survival depends not only on prey quantity, but also on prey quality. To investigate effects of prey fatty acid concentration on larval herring growth, we collected different prey organisms and larval herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the Kiel Canal during the spring season of 2009. Along with biotic background data, we analysed fatty acids both in prey organisms and in the larvae and used biochemically derived growth rates of the larvae as the response variable. Larval herring reached their highest RNA/DNA derived growth rates only at high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration. When the ratio of copepodids to lesser quality cirriped nauplii was low, larval growth and larval DHA concentration were both significantly negatively affected. This was true even as prey abundance was increasing. This finding indicates that even in mixed, natural feeding conditions, growth variations are associated with DHA availability in larval fish.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-013-2313-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Temperature effects on vital rates of different life stages and implications for population growth of Baltic sprat (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 159 . pp. 2621-2632.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus S.) is a key species in the pelagic ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Most stocks of small pelagic species are characterized by natural, fishery-independent fluctuations, which make it difficult to predict stock development. Baltic sprat recruitment is highly variable, which can partly be related to climate-driven variability in hydrographic conditions. Results from experimental studies and field observations demonstrate that a number of important life history traits of sprat are affected by temperature, especially the survival and growth of early life stages. Projected climate-driven warming may impact important processes affecting various life stages of sprat, from survival and development during the egg and larval phases to the reproductive output of adults. This study presents a stage-based matrix model approach to simulate sprat population dynamics in relation to different climate change scenarios. Data obtained from experimental studies and field observations were used to estimate and incorporate stage-specific growth and survival rates into the model. Model-based estimates of population growth rate were affected most by changes in the transition probability of the feeding larval stage at all temperatures (+0, +2, +4, +6 °C). The maximum increase in population growth rate was expected when ambient temperature was elevated by 4 °C. Coupling our stage-based model and more complex, biophysical individual-based models may reveal the processes driving these expected climate-driven changes in Baltic Sea sprat population dynamics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1933-6
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