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  • NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-02-16
    Description: Thermodynamic arguments imply that global mean rainfall increases in a warmer atmosphere; however, dynamical effects may result in more significant diversity of regional precipitation change. Here we investigate rainfall changes in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~ 3 Ma), a time when temperatures were 2–3ºC warmer than the pre-industrial era, using output from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Projects phases 1 and 2 and sensitivity climate model experiments. In the Mid-Pliocene simulations, the higher rates of warming in the northern hemisphere create an interhemispheric temperature gradient that enhances the southward cross-equatorial energy flux by up to 48%. This intensified energy flux reorganizes the atmospheric circulation leading to a northward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and a weakened and poleward displaced Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Convergences Zones. These changes result in drier-than-normal Southern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics. The evaluation of the mid-Pliocene adds a constraint to possible future warmer scenarios associated with differing rates of warming between hemispheres.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: Nonparametric comparison of survival functions is one of the most commonly required task in failure time studies such as clinical trials, and for this, many procedures have been developed under various situations. This paper considers a situation that often occurs in practice but has not been discussed much: the comparison based on interval-censored data in the presence of unequal censoring. That is, one observes only interval-censored data, and the distributions of or the mechanisms behind censoring variables may depend on treatments and thus be different for the subjects in different treatment groups. For the problem, a test procedure is developed that takes into account the difference between the distributions of the censoring variables, and the asymptotic normality of the test statistics is given. For the assessment of the performance of the procedure, a simulation study is conducted and suggests that it works well for practical situations. An illustrative example is provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0277-6715
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0258
    Topics: Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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