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  • ICES  (6)
  • Nature Research  (4)
  • The Company of Biologists  (3)
  • 1
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    Juvenile Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) use a time-compensated sun compass for orientation (2022)
    The Company of Biologists
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, 225(18), pp. jeb244607-, ISSN: 0022-0949
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-12
    Description: Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), an ecologically and economically important species in the northern hemisphere, shows pronounced seasonal migratory behaviour. To follow distinctive migration patterns over hundreds of kilometers between feeding, overwintering and spawning grounds, they are probably guided by orientation mechanisms. We tested whether juvenile spring-spawning Atlantic herring, caught in the western Baltic, use a sun compass for orientation just before they start leaving their hatching area. Fish were randomly divided into two groups, one of them clock-shifted 6 h backwards, to investigate whether they shift their orientation direction accordingly. Individual fish were placed in a circular bowl and their orientation was tested multiple times with the sun as a sole visual orientational cue. Our results show for the first time that juvenile Atlantic herring use a time-compensated sun compass during their migration. Their swimming direction was impaired, but still present, even when the sky was very cloudy, indicating additional orientation capabilities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Food web changes under ocean acidification promote herring larvae survival (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2 . pp. 836-840.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Ocean acidification—the decrease in seawater pH due to rising CO2 concentrations—has been shown to lower survival in early life stages of fish and, as a consequence, the recruitment of populations including commercially important species. To date, ocean-acidification studies with fish larvae have focused on the direct physiological impacts of elevated CO2, but largely ignored the potential effects of ocean acidification on food web interactions. In an in situ mesocosm study on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae as top predators in a pelagic food web, we account for indirect CO2 effects on larval survival mediated by changes in food availability. The community was exposed to projected end-of-the-century CO2 conditions (~760 µatm pCO2) over a period of 113 days. In contrast with laboratory studies that reported a decrease in fish survival, the survival of the herring larvae in situ was significantly enhanced by 19 ± 2%. Analysis of the plankton community dynamics suggested that the herring larvae benefitted from a CO2-stimulated increase in primary production. Such indirect effects may counteract the possible direct negative effects of ocean acidification on the survival of fish early life stages. These findings emphasize the need to assess the food web effects of ocean acidification on fish larvae before we can predict even the sign of change in fish recruitment in a high-CO2 ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0514-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Effects of parental acclimation and energy limitation in response to high CO2 exposure in Atlantic cod (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 8 . Art.Nr. 8348.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), the dissolution of excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide in ocean waters, is a potential stressor to many marine fish species. Whether species have the potential to acclimate and adapt to changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry is still largely unanswered. Simulation experiments across several generations are challenging for large commercially exploited species because of their long generation times. For Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), we present first data on the effects of parental acclimation to elevated aquatic CO2 on larval survival, a fundamental parameter determining population recruitment. The parental generation in this study was exposed to either ambient or elevated aquatic CO2 levels simulating end-of-century OA levels (~1100 µatm CO2) for six weeks prior to spawning. Upon fully reciprocal exposure of the F1 generation, we quantified larval survival, combined with two larval feeding regimes in order to investigate the potential effect of energy limitation. We found a significant reduction in larval survival at elevated CO2 that was partly compensated by parental acclimation to the same CO2 exposure. Such compensation was only observed in the treatment with high food availability. This complex 3-way interaction indicates that surplus metabolic resources need to be available to allow a transgenerational alleviation response to ocean acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26711-y
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate administration during early life: effects on performance, immunity and microbial community of European sea bass yolk-sac larvae (2017)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 7 (1). Art.No. 15022.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: The reliable production of marine fish larvae is one of the major bottlenecks in aquaculture due to high mortalities mainly caused by infectious diseases. To evaluate if the compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) might be a suitable immunoprophylactic measure in fish larviculture, its capacity to improve immunity and performance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) yolk-sac larvae was explored. PHB was applied from mouth opening onwards to stimulate the developing larval immune system at the earliest possible point in time. Larval survival, growth, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles and disease resistance were assessed. PHB administration improved larval survival and, furthermore, altered the larva-associated microbiota composition. The bacterial challenge test using pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum revealed that the larval disease resistance was not influenced by PHB. The expression profiles of 26 genes involved e.g. in the immune response showed that PHB affected the expression of the antimicrobial peptides ferritin (fer) and dicentracin (dic), however, the response to PHB was inconsistent and weaker than previously demonstrated for sea bass post-larvae. Hence, the present study highlights the need for more research focusing on the immunostimulation of different early developmental stages for gaining a more comprehensive picture and advancing a sustainable production of high quality fry.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14785-z
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Growth of Atlantic herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.) in response to climatic long term trends (NAO) and to hydrographical features in the Northern Sea in the period 1990-1997 (1999)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Council Meeting 1999, 29.09.-02.10.1999, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: Herring larvae were sampled during the lllLS in the ICES area IVa from 1990 to 1997. Larval growth was determined based on otolith microstructure analysis from larvae of 7-25mm standard length. The data were correlated to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the intlow of Atlantic water (AW) at the same period. The study showed a strong correlation between positive NAO years with a higher inflow of AW and subsequently higher larval growth rates. which could be an indication of favorable growth conditions
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 6
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    The use of multivariate morphometrics to determine the nutritional condition of marine fish larvae (1991)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 1991, 26.09.1991, La Rochelle, France .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: The usefulness of multivariate morphometrics to distinguish between fed and starved fish larvae was tested on laboratory reared herring larvae (Clupea harengus ). Linear Discriminant Analysis was used to obtain a linear function which separates the two groups of larvae maximally. The calculations were based on twelve morphometric characters, taken individually by means of an image analysing system. A statistically significant separation of fed and starved larvae was obtained. The most important characters and the number of characters necessary for separation are outlined.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 7
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    Demonstrations of maternal effects of Atlantic cod: combining the use of unique mesocosm and novel molecular techniques - a new EU-project (2000)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 2000, 27.-30.09.2000, Brügge, Belgium ; pp. 1-20 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: One of the effects of fishing is a reduction in average age and size in exploited fish stocks, leading to an increasing proportion of recruit spawners in the stock. Current management practice assumes equal viability of offspring from first time spawners and from repeat spawners, despite the fact that that first time spawners often produce smaller eggs than older spawners. The aim of this EU-project is to follow offspring from families of first time spawning and older cod, reared under identical and semi-natural conditions in marine enclosures (mesocosms). The parental origin of the larvae is identified using microsatellite DNA methodology. The advantage of this approach, compared to traditional laboratory rearing, is that rearing conditions are close to natural conditions, and all larvae are reared in the same environment. This eliminates the tank-to-tank variability often observed in traditional rearing experiments. The fish are reared from hatching, through the larval and juvenile stages, until sexual maturity. Growth rates, survival and nutritional condition will be measured using methods such as RNA/DNA ratio and otolith micro increment analysis. The results will be related to parental origin and quality measures of the eggs. It is intended to incorporate the results into management models for improvement of fishery management strategies. In this paper we will focus on a description of the project
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 8
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    Effects of photoperiod and temperature on recent growth rates of sprat larvae in the Baltic Sea (2011)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference , 21.09.2011, Gdansk, Poland .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-09
    Description: Growth rate has been shown to effect survival and recruitment of marine fishes. How growth rates in the field are affected by larval development and environmental variability is poorly understood. Recent growth rates of sprat larvae, a key species in the Baltic Marine ecosystem, were determined by converting RNA/DNA ratios determined from individual larvae into recent growth based on a laboratory calibrated RNA/DNA temperature growth model. Several factors (larval size, temperature and photoperiod) that may contribute to the observed variability in recent growth sampled in the spawning seasons 2002 through 2004 were analyzed with a variety of models. Best fit was found for the Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). Larval size (dry weight), photoperiod and temperature terms explained 29 % and 36 % of the variability observed in recent growth of sprat larvae in the Baltic Sea, respectively.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 9
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    Comparison of biochemical and histological methods for the evaluation of the in situ nutritional condition of marine fish larvae (1989)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 1989, 05.10.1989, Den Haag, Netherlands .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: To estimate the importance of starvation induced mortality for recruitment of marine fish larvae three distinct methods were applied to determine the nutritional condition of fish larvae in situ. In addition to highly sensitive fluorescence techniques for analysing RNA/DNA ratios and tryptic enzyme activities histological standard methods were used to compare the nutritional status of fish larvae of the genus Vinciguerria (Photichthyidae) caught in two ecologically different areas of the Indian Ocean: In the central Arabian Sea and on the continental shelf of Pakistan. A comparison of the results elaborated by the distinct methods shows a trend towards better nutritional conditions for fish larvae from the offshore region.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 10
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    Transcriptome profiling reveals exposure to predicted end-of-century ocean acidification as a stealth stressor for Atlantic cod larvae (2019)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 9 (1). Art.Nr. 16908.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration dissolving in ocean waters, is impacting many fish species. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological impacts in fish. We used RNAseq to characterize the transcriptome of 3 different larval stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to simulated OA at levels (1179 µatm CO2) representing end-of-century predictions compared to controls (503 µatm CO2), which were shown to induce tissue damage and elevated mortality in G. morhua. Only few genes were differentially expressed in 6 and 13 days-post-hatching (dph) (3 and 16 genes, respectively), during a period when maximal mortality as a response to elevated pCO2 occurred. At 36 dph, 1413 genes were differentially expressed, most likely caused by developmental asynchrony between the treatment groups, with individuals under OA growing faster. A target gene analysis revealed only few genes of the universal and well-defined cellular stress response to be differentially expressed. We thus suggest that predicted ocean acidification levels constitute a “stealth stress” for early Atlantic cod larvae, with a rapid breakdown of cellular homeostasis leading to organismal death that was missed even with an 8-fold replication implemented in this study.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52628-1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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