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  • PANGAEA  (101)
  • AGU (American Geophysical Union)  (12)
  • Wiley  (12)
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  • 1
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    Tsunamigenic potential of a newly-discovered active fault zone in the outer Messina Strait, Southern Italy (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (5). pp. 2427-2435.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The 1908 Messina tsunami was the most catastrophic tsunami hitting the coastline of Southern Italy in the younger past. The source of this tsunami, however, is still heavily debated, and both rupture along a fault and a slope failure have been postulated as potential origin of the tsunami. Here we report a newly discovered active Fiumefreddo-Melito di Porto Salvo Fault Zone (F-MPS_FZ), which is located in the outer Messina Strait in a proposed landslide source area of the 1908 Messina tsunami. Tsunami modeling showed that this fault zone would produce devastating tsunamis by assuming slip amounts of ≥5 m. An assumed slip of up to 17 m could even generate a tsunami comparable to the 1908 Messina tsunami, but we do not consider the F-MPS_FZ as a source for the 1908 Messina tsunami because its E-W strike contradicts seismological observations of the 1908 Messina earthquake. Future researches on the F-MPS_FZ, however, may contribute to the tsunami risk assessment in the Messina Strait.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072647
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Seismic rupture during the 1960 Great Chile and the 2010 Maule earthquakes limited by a giant Pleistocene submarine slope failure (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  Terra Nova, 25 . pp. 472-477.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Determining factors that limit coseismic rupture is important to evaluate the hazard of powerful subduction zone earthquakes such as the 2011 Tohoku-Oki event (Mw = 9.0). In 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8), Chile was hit by such powerful earthquakes, the boundary of which was the site of a giant submarine slope failure with chaotic debris subducted to seismogenic zone depth. Here, a continuous décollement is absent, whereas away from the slope failure, a continuous décollement is seismically imaged. We infer that underthrusting of inhomogeneous slide deposits prevents the development of a décollement, and thus the formation of a thin continuous slip zone necessary for earthquake rupture propagation. Thus, coseismic rupture during the 1960 and 2010 earthquakes seems to be limited by underthrusted upper plate mass-wasting deposits. More generally, our results suggest that upper plate dynamics and resulting surface processes can play a key role for determining rupture size of subduction zone earthquakes
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/ter.12060
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) (2015)
    Wiley
    In:  Basin Research, 27 (1). pp. 84-101.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Lake Ohrid, located on the Balkan Peninsula within the Dinaride–Albanide–Hellenide mountain belt, is a tectonically active graben within the South Balkan Extensional Regime (SBER). Interpretation of multichannel seismic cross sections and bathymetric data reveals that Lake Ohrid formed during two main phases of deformation: (1) a transtensional phase which opened a pull-apart basin, and (2) an extensional phase which led to the present geometry of Lake Ohrid. After the initial opening, a symmetrical graben formed during the Late Miocene, bounded by major normal faults on each side in a pull-apart type basin. The early-stage geometry of the basin has a typical rhomboidal shape restricted by two sets of major normal faults. Thick undisturbed sediments are present today at the site where the acoustic basement is deepest, illustrating that Lake Ohrid is a potential target for drilling a long and continuous sediment core for studying environmental changes within the Mediterranean region. Neotectonic activity since the Pliocene takes place along the roughly N–S-striking Eastern and Western Major Boundary Normal Faults that are partly exposed at the present lake floor. The tectono-sedimentary structure of the basin is divided into three main seismic units overlying the acoustic basement associated with fluvial deposits and lacustrine sediments. A seismic facies analysis reveals a prominent cyclic pattern of high- and low-amplitude reflectors. We correlate this facies cyclicity with vegetation changes within the surrounding area that are associated with glacial/interglacial cycles. A clear correlation is possible back to ca. 450 kyrs. Extrapolation of average sedimentation rates for the above mentioned period results in age estimate of ca. 2 Myrs for the oldest sediments in Lake Ohrid.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/bre.12063
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    The Sahara Slide: initiation and processes from headwall to deposit of a giant submarine slide (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11 (7). Q07014.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-07
    Description: The Sahara Slide is a giant submarine landslide on the northwest African continental margin. The landslide is located on the open continental slope offshore arid Western Sahara, with a headwall at a water depth of ∼2000 m. High primary productivity in surface waters drives accumulation of thick fine-grained pelagic/hemipelagic sediment sequences in the slide source area. Rare but large-scale slope failures, such as the Sahara Slide that remobilized approximately 600 km3 of sediment, are characteristic of this sedimentological setting. Seismic profiles collected from the slide scar reveal a stepped profile with two 100 m high headwalls, suggesting that the slide occurred retrogressively as a slab-type failure. Sediment cores recovered from the slide deposit provide new insights into the process by which the slide eroded and entrained a volcaniclastic sand layer. When this layer was entrained at the base of the slide it became fluidized and resulted in low apparent friction, facilitating the exceptionally long runout of ∼900 km. The slide location appears to be controlled by the buried headwall of an older slope failure, and we suggest that the cause of the slide relates to differential sedimentation rates and compaction across these scarps, leading to local increases of pore pressure. Sediment cores yield a date of 50–60 ka for the main slide event, a period of global sea level rise which may have contributed to pore pressure buildup. The link with sea level rising is consistent with other submarine landslides on this margin, drawing attention to this potential hazard during global warming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003066
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Three-dimensional seismic investigations of the Sevastopol mud volcano in correlation to gas/fluid migration pathways and indications for gas hydrate occurrences in the Sorokin Trough (Black Sea) (2008)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9 (Q05012).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: New 3-D seismic investigations carried out across the Sevastopol mud volcano in the Sorokin Trough present 3-D seismic data of a mud volcano in the Black Sea for the first time. The studies allow us to image the complex three-dimensional morphology of a collapse structured mud volcano and to propose an evolution model. The Sevastopol mud volcano is located above a buried diapiric structure with two ridges and controlled by fluid migration along a deep fault system, which developed during the growth of the diapirs in a compressional tectonic system. Overpressured fluids initiated an explosive eruption generating the collapse depression of the Sevastopol mud volcano. Several cones were formed within the depression by subsequent quiet mud extrusions. Although gas hydrates have been recovered at various mud volcanoes in the Sorokin Trough, no gas hydrates were sampled at the Sevastopol mud volcano. A BSR (bottom-simulating reflector) is missing in the seismic data; however, high-amplitude reflections (bright spots) observed above the diapiric ridge near the mud volcano at a relatively constant depth correspond to the approximate depth of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Thus we suggest that gas hydrates are present locally where gas/fluid flow occurs related to mud volcanism, i.e., above the diapir and close to the feeder channel of the mud volcano. Depth variations of the bright spots of up to 200 ms TWT might be caused by temperature variations produced by variable fluid flow.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2007GC001685
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Reflection Seismic Investigations In the Volcaniclastic Apron of Gran Canaria and Implications For Its Volcanic Evolution (1996)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 125 (2). pp. 519-536.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-07
    Description: High-resolution reflection seismic data obtained around Gran Canaria allow a detailed and consistent correlation of seismic reflectors of the northern and southern Canary Basins with the lithology drilled by DSDP Leg 47A SSE of Gran Canaria, as well as with major phases of volcanic activity on Gran Canaria as mapped onshore. Two prominent reflectors were chosen as marker horizons and correlated with the drilled lithology. the results indicate that reflector R7 above the Miocene volcaniclastic debris flows V1-V3 reflects the shield-building phase of Gran Canaria. Reflector R3 is interpreted as corresponding with the Pliocene Roque Nublo formation. The top of the massive island flank of Gran Canaria, defined by seismically chaotic facies, extends 44 to 72 km off the coast of Gran Canaria. West of Gran Canaria the flank of Tenerife onlaps the steeper and older flank of Gran Canaria, which, in turn, is onlapping the older flank of Fuerteventura to the east in a similar way. Erosional channels, which can also be traced up to 50 km from the area between Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura into the deeper northern basin, have been identified in the bathymetry. The data presented provide new detailed information for modelling the submarine and subaerial evolution of the central Canary Islands of Gran Canaria and Tenerife, i.e. the timing of their shield-building phases and later stages of major volcanic activity, as reflected by the position of prominent seismic reflectors in the seismic stratigraphy.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb00015.x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Scientific Ocean Drilling Behind the Assessment of Geo-Hazards from Submarine Slides (2007)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 88 (17). p. 192.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 8
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    A 500,000-year-long sediment archive drilled in eastern Anatolia (2011)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 92 (51). pp. 477-479.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Sedimentary archives host a wealth of information that can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate as well as the tectonic and volcanic histories of specific regions. Long and continuous archives from the oceans have been collected in thousands of locations by scientific ocean drilling programs over the past 40 years. In contrast, suitable continental archives are rare because terrestrial environments are generally nondepositional and/or subject to erosion. Lake sediments provide ideal drilling targets to overcome this limitation if suitable lakes at key locations have existed continuously for a long time.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2011EO510002
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 9
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    An interdisciplinary investigation of a recent submarine mass transport deposit at the continental margin off Uruguay (2011)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12 (8). Q08009.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Assessing frequency and extent of mass movement at continental margins is crucial to evaluate risks for offshore constructions and coastal areas. A multidisciplinary approach including geophysical, sedimentological, geotechnical, and geochemical methods was applied to investigate multistage mass transport deposits (MTDs) off Uruguay, on top of which no surficial hemipelagic drape was detected based on echosounder data. Nonsteady state pore water conditions are evidenced by a distinct gradient change in the sulfate (SO42−) profile at 2.8 m depth. A sharp sedimentological contact at 2.43 m coincides with an abrupt downward increase in shear strength from ∼10 to 〉20 kPa. This boundary is interpreted as a paleosurface (and top of an older MTD) that has recently been covered by a sediment package during a younger landslide event. This youngest MTD supposedly originated from an upslope position and carried its initial pore water signature downward. The kink in the SO42− profile ∼35 cm below the sedimentological and geotechnical contact indicates that bioirrigation affected the paleosurface before deposition of the youngest MTD. Based on modeling of the diffusive re-equilibration of SO42− the age of the most recent MTD is estimated to be 〈30 years. The mass movement was possibly related to an earthquake in 1988 (∼70 km southwest of the core location). Probabilistic slope stability back analysis of general landslide structures in the study area reveals that slope failure initiation requires additional ground accelerations. Therefore, we consider the earthquake as a reasonable trigger if additional weakening processes (e.g., erosion by previous retrogressive failure events or excess pore pressures) preconditioned the slope for failure. Our study reveals the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches to accurately recognize and date recent slope failures in complex settings such as the investigated area.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2011GC003669
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Submarine landslides around the Canary Islands (2001)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106 (B3). pp. 3977-3997.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-08
    Description: The morphology and structure of the submarine flanks of the Canary Islands were mapped using the GLORIA long-range side-scan sonar system, bathymetric multibeam systems, and sediment echosounders. Twelve young (〈2 Ma) giant landslides have been identified on the submarine flanks of the Canary Islands up to now. Older landslide events are long buried under a thick sediment cover due to high sedimentation rates around the Canary Islands. Most slides were found on the flanks of the youngest and most active islands of La Palma, El Hierro, and Tenerife, but young giant landslides were also identified on the flanks of the older (15–20 Ma) but still active eastern islands. Large-scale mass wasting is an important process during all periods of major magmatic activity. The long-lived volcanic constructive history of the islands of the Canary Archipelago is balanced by a correspondingly long history of destruction, resulting in a higher landslide frequency for the Canary Islands compared to the Hawaiian Islands, where giant landslides only occur late in the period of active shield growth. The lower stability of the flanks of the Canaries is probably due to the much steeper slopes of the islands, a result of the abundance of highly evolved intrusive and extrusive rocks. Another reason for the enhanced slope instability is the abundance of pyroclastic deposits on Canary Islands resulting from frequent explosive eruptions due to the elevated volatile contents in the highly alkalic magmas. Dike-induced rifting is most likely the main trigger mechanism for destabilization of the flanks. Flank collapses are a major geological hazard for the Canary Islands due to the sector collapses themselves as well as triggering of tsunamis. In at least one case, a giant lateral blast occurred when an active magmatic or hydrothermal system became unroofed during flank collapse.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JB900413
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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