GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations (2014)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 14(14), pp. 20083-20115, ISSN: 1680-7316
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and 5 the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol 10 models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparision. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over 15 the industrial era. The sensitivity of modeled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The United States' next generation of atmospheric composition and coastal ecosystem measurements : NASA's Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Mission (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93 (2012): 1547–1566, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00201.1.
    Description: The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95°–100°W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame.
    Description: Funding for GEO-CAPE definition activities is provided by the Earth Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    Description: 2013-04-01
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET – first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals (2011)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 4 (3). pp. 583-597.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-31
    Description: The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Bardoxolone methyl analogs RTA 405 and dh404 are well tolerated and exhibit efficacy in rodent models of Type 2 diabetes and obesity (2013)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-16
    Description: Bardoxolone methyl and related triterpenoids are well tolerated and efficacious in numerous animal models potentially relevant to patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. These agents enhance glucose control and regulate lipid accumulation in rodent models of diabetes and obesity, and improve renal function, reduce inflammation, and prevent structural injury in models of renal disease. However, a recent study in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats noted poor tolerability with the bardoxolone methyl analog RTA 405 within 1 mo after treatment initiation, although this study was confounded in part by the use of an impure RTA 405 batch. To investigate these discordant observations, the present studies were conducted to further characterize triterpenoids in rodent models of diabetes and obesity. A follow-up study was conducted in ZDF rats with two related triterpenoids (RTA 405 and dh404) for 1.5 mo. Consistent with previous rodent experience, and in contrast to the more recent ZDF report, ZDF rats administered RTA 405 or dh404 exhibited no adverse clinical signs, had laboratory values similar to controls, and exhibited no evidence of adverse liver or kidney histopathology. Additionally, RTA 405 was well tolerated in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic rats and high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. The present results are consistent with the overall published body of data obtained with triterpenoids and provide further evidence that these molecules are well tolerated without adverse effects on hepatobiliary or renal function in rodent models of diabetes and obesity.
    Print ISSN: 1931-857X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1466
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Cotransporters and Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Redundant Roles for PiT-1 and PiT-2 [Basic Science] (2013)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-17
    Description: Objective— Elevated serum phosphate has emerged as a major risk factor for vascular calcification. The sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, PiT-1, was previously shown to be required for phosphate-induced osteogenic differentiation and calcification of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but its importance in vascular calcification in vivo and the potential role of its homologue, PiT-2, have not been determined. We investigated the in vivo requirement for PiT-1 in vascular calcification using a mouse model of chronic kidney disease and the potential compensatory role of PiT-2 using in vitro knockdown and overexpression strategies. Approach and Results— Mice with targeted deletion of PiT-1 in VSMCs were generated (PiT-1 sm ). PiT-1 mRNA levels were undetectable, whereas PiT-2 mRNA levels were increased 2-fold in the vascular aortic media of PiT-1 sm compared with PiT-1 flox/flox control. When arterial medial calcification was induced in PiT-1 sm and PiT-1 flox/flox by chronic kidney disease followed by dietary phosphate loading, the degree of aortic calcification was not different between genotypes, suggesting compensation by PiT-2. Consistent with this possibility, VSMCs isolated from PiT-1 sm mice had no PiT-1 mRNA expression, increased PiT-2 mRNA levels, and no difference in sodium-dependent phosphate uptake or phosphate-induced matrix calcification compared with PiT-1 flox/flox VSMCs. Knockdown of PiT-2 decreased phosphate uptake and phosphate-induced calcification of PiT-1 sm VSMCs. Furthermore, overexpression of PiT-2 restored these parameters in human PiT-1–deficient VSMCs. Conclusions— PiT-2 can mediate phosphate uptake and calcification of VSMCs in the absence of PiT-1. Mechanistically, PiT-1 and PiT-2 seem to serve redundant roles in phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs.
    Print ISSN: 1079-5642
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4636
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dabrafenib Dose Selection, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics (2014)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: Purpose: Dabrafenib is a selective, potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of the BRAF V600-mutant kinase that has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. We report the rationale for dose selection in the first-in-human study of dabrafenib, including pharmacokinetics, tissue pharmacodynamics, 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy- D -glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) pharmacodynamics, and dose–response relationship. Experimental Design: Dabrafenib was administered orally once, twice (BID), or three times daily (TID). Selected dose cohorts were expanded to collect adequate data on safety, pharmacokinetics, or pharmacodynamics. A recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was chosen based on safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and response data. Results: One hundred and eighty-four patients were enrolled and treated with doses ranging from 12 mg once daily to 300 mg BID in 10 cohorts. Pharmacokinetic assessment of dabrafenib demonstrated a less-than-dose-proportional increase in exposure after repeat dosing above 150 mg BID. Similar to parent drug concentrations, exposure for all metabolites demonstrated less-than-dose-proportional increases. Predicted target inhibition of pERK (〉80%) was achieved at 150 mg BID, with a similar magnitude of inhibition at higher doses in BRAF V600 mutation melanoma biopsy samples. Although there was large variability between patients, FDG uptake decreased with higher daily doses in patients with BRAF V600 mutation–positive melanoma. A favorable activity and tolerability profile was demonstrated at 150 mg BID. There was no improvement with TID dosing compared with BID dosing, based on FDG-PET and tumor response analyses in patients with melanoma. Conclusion: The RP2D of dabrafenib was determined to be 150 mg BID after considering multiple factors, including pharmacokinetics, tissue pharmacodynamics, FDG-PET pharmacodynamics, and the dose–response relationship. A maximum tolerated dose for dabrafenib was not determined. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4449–58. ©2014 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Process development of treatment plants for dyeing wastewater (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-02
    Description: A three-step methodology that integrates experiments, modeling and synthesis has been developed for the systematic development of a plant for treating dyeing wastewater for discharge and/or reuse. First, wastewater characteristics, discharge water standards, and reuse water quality specifications, etc. are collected as input information. Heuristics developed in our industrial practice and gleaned from the literature are used to guide the designer to come up with preliminary flow sheet alternatives. Then, bench-scale experiments and pilot plant tests for the relevant unit operations are performed. A computer code accepts the bench-scale and pilot plant experimental data for regression of model parameters and determines the superior process configuration and equipment operating conditions through sensitivity analysis. The workflow among various stakeholders to reach the final design is presented. Possible extension of the methodology to other industrial wastewater treatment plants is discussed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates EC coupling and heart failure in mice through regulation of FKBP12.6 (2012)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-03
    Description: Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. The cardiovascular transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 has been linked to experimental heart failure in mice, but the mechanisms by which it regulates myocardial function remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine how CHF1/Hey2 affects development of heart failure through examination of contractility in a myocardial knockout mouse model. We generated myocardial-specific knockout mice. At baseline, cardiac function was normal, but, after aortic banding, the conditional knockout mice demonstrated a greater increase in ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio compared with control mice (5.526 vs. 4.664 mg/g) and a significantly decreased ejection fraction (47.8 vs. 72.0% control). Isolated cardiac myocytes from these mice showed decreased calcium transients and fractional shortening after electrical stimulation. To determine the molecular basis for these alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, we first measured total sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores and calcium-dependent force generation in isolated muscle fibers, which were normal, suggesting a defect in calcium cycling. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated normal expression of most genes known to be involved in myocardial calcium cycling, with the exception of the ryanodine receptor binding protein FKBP12.6, which was expressed at increased levels in the conditional knockout hearts. Treatment of the isolated knockout myocytes with FK506, which inhibits the association of FKBP12.6 with the ryanodine receptor, restored contractile function. These findings demonstrate that conditional deletion of CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium leads to abnormalities in calcium handling mediated by FKBP12.6 that predispose to pressure overload-induced heart failure.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6135
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Varenicline Is a Potent Partial Agonist at {alpha}6{beta}2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat and Monkey Striatum [Neuropharmacology] (2012)
    The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: Extensive evidence indicates that varenicline reduces nicotine craving and withdrawal symptoms by modulating dopaminergic function at α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex). More recent data suggest that α6β2* nAChRs also regulate dopamine release and mediate nicotine reinforcement. The present experiments were therefore done to test the effect of varenicline on α6β2* nAChRs and their function, because its interaction with this subtype is currently unclear. Receptor competition studies showed that varenicline inhibited α6β2* nAChR binding ( K i = 0.12 nM) as potently as α4β2* nAChR binding ( K i = 0.14 nM) in rat striatal sections and with ~20-fold greater affinity than nicotine. Functionally, varenicline was more potent in stimulating α6β2* versus α4β2* nAChR-mediated [ 3 H]dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes with EC 50 values of 0.007 and 0.086 μM, respectively. However, it acted as a partial agonist on α6β2* and α4β2* nAChR-mediated [ 3 H]dopamine release with maximal efficacies of 49 and 24%, respectively, compared with nicotine. We also evaluated varenicline's action in striatum of monkeys, a useful animal model for comparison with humans. Varenicline again potently inhibited monkey striatal α6β2* ( K i = 0.13 nM) and α4β2* ( K i = 0.19 nM) nAChRs in competition studies. Functionally, it potently stimulated both α6β2* (EC 50 = 0.014 μM) and α4β2* (EC 50 = 0.029 μM) nAChR-mediated [ 3 H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes, again acting as a partial agonist relative to nicotine at both subtypes. These data suggest that the ability of varenicline to interact at α6β2* nAChRs may contribute to its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3565
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-0103
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genetic Modifiers Predisposing to Congenital Heart Disease in the Sensitized Down Syndrome Population [Original Articles] (2012)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: Background— About half of people with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit some form of congenital heart disease (CHD); however, trisomy for human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) alone is insufficient to cause CHD, as half of all people with DS have a normal heart, suggesting that genetic modifiers interact with dosage-sensitive gene(s) on Hsa21 to result in CHD. We hypothesize that a threshold exists in both DS and euploid populations for the number of genetic perturbations that can be tolerated before CHD results. Methods and Results— We ascertained a group of individuals with DS and complete atrioventricular septal defect and sequenced 2 candidate genes for CHD: CRELD1 , which is associated with atrioventricular septal defect in people with or without DS, and HEY2 , whose mouse ortholog ( Hey2 ) produces septal defects when mutated. Several deleterious variants were identified, but the frequency of these potential modifiers was low. We crossed mice with mutant forms of these potential modifiers to the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Crossing loss-of-function alleles of either Creld1 or Hey2 onto the trisomic background caused a significant increase in the frequency of CHD, demonstrating an interaction between the modifiers and trisomic genes. We showed further that, although each of these mutant modifiers is benign by itself, they interact to affect heart development when inherited together. Conclusions— Using mouse models of Down syndrome and of genes associated with congenital heart disease, we demonstrate a biological basis for an interaction that supports a threshold hypothesis for additive effects of genetic modifiers in the sensitized trisomic population.
    Keywords: Animal models of human disease, Cardiac development
    Print ISSN: 1942-325X
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-3268
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...