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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Population aging -- Germany. ; Population aging -- Social aspects. ; Aging -- Health aspects. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (178 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642143533
    Series Statement: Schriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse Series ; v.21
    DDC: 612.67
    Language: German
    Note: Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Autorenverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Teil I - Festvortrag -- Müssen, dürfen, sollen, können, oder wollen ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 1 Müssen ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 2 Dürfen ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 3 Sollen ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 4 Können ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 5 Wollen ältere Menschen noch arbeiten? -- 6 Fazit -- Literaturhinweise -- Teil II - Prävention und Regeneration -- Mit körperlicher Aktivität das Altern gestalten -- 1 Perspektiven des Themas -- 2 Die Konstrukte -- 2.1 Gelingend Altern -- 2.2 Körperliche Aktivität -- 3 Präventive Wirkungen der körperlichen Aktivität im Alter -- 3.1 Aktivität, Aktivität im Alter und Sterblichkeit -- 3.2 Anpassungsvorgänge und gesteigerte Funktionstüchtigkeit -- 3.3 Körperliche Aktivität, psychische Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden -- 3.4 Körperliche Aktivität und „Teilhabe am Leben" -- 4 Ein Zwischenstand -- 5 Aktivitätsempfehlungen -- 6 Fazit -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Neuronale Plastizität bei gesundem und pathologischem Altern -- 1 Strukturelle und funktionelle Veränderungen im gesunden alternden Gehirn -- 2 Strukturelle Veränderungen im Gehirn bei gesundem Altern -- 3 Strukturelle Veränderungen bei MCI/AD -- 4 Funktionelle Veränderungen im Gehirn bei gesundem Altern -- 5 Funktionelle Veränderungen bei MCI/AD -- 6 Inhibition im Alter -- 7 Sensorik und Sensomotorik im Alter -- 8 Kann die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit im Alter erhalten oder verbessert werden? -- 9 Kognitive Trainings bei gesundem Altern -- 10 Kognitive Trainings bei leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung im Alter und bei Demenz -- 11 Körperliche Aktivität im Alter -- 12 Körperliche Trainings bei gesundem Altern -- 13 Körperliche Aktivität bei leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung im Alter und bei Demenz. , 14 Synergieeffekte von kombiniertem kognitiven und körperlichen Training -- 15 Sensorische und sensorimotorische Trainings -- 16 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Teil III - Biologische und technischeAssistenzsysteme -- Das Altern im Spiegelbild der Stammzellen - Irrwege und Auswege -- 1 Stammzellen als Hoffnungsträger der modernen Medizin -- 2 Entwicklung der Stammzellforschung -- 3 Kampf der Kulturen - Adulte und embryonale Stammzellen -- 4 Die Heilkraft adulter Stammzellen -- 5 Einsatz von Stammzellen in der Regenerativen Medizin -- 6 Regeneration von Gewebe im Reagenzglas -- 7 Stammzellen und Altern -- 8 Interaktion mit der Stammzellnische -- 9 Induzierte Pluripotente Stammzellen -- 10 Lektionen aus der Stammzellforschung -- 11 Fazit und Ausblick -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Elektronische Systeme zum Ersatz der defizienten Hörleistung -- 1 Funktionen des Hörens -- 2 Lärmexposition als Ursache der Schwerhörigkeit -- 3 Ausfall des cochleären Verstärkers -- 4 Implantierbare Hörsysteme -- 5 Teilimplantierbare Hörsysteme -- 6 Ausfall der Transduktion: Cochlea Implantat -- 7 Hörverlust im Alter -- 8 Hybridversorgung bei erhaltenem Tiefton-Restgehör -- 9 Zusammenfassung -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Endoprothetik und Alter - Lebensqualität oder Übertherapie? -- 1 Einführung -- 2 Endoprothetische Ersatzoperation bei Verschleißerkrankungen großer Gelenke -- 2.1 Hüftgelenk -- 2.2 Kniegelenk -- 2.3 Schultergelenk -- 2.4 Ellbogengelenk -- 2.5 Sprunggelenke -- 3 Endoprothetische Ersatzoperationen bei frischer Gelenkverletzung oder posttraumatischer Arthrose -- 3.1 Hüftgelenk -- 3.2 Kniegelenk -- 3.3 Schultergelenk -- 3.4 Ellbogengelenk -- 3.5 Sprunggelenk -- 4 Zusammenfassung -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Teil IV - Unterstützende Systeme in Technik, Umwelt und Pflege -- Fahrzeugentwicklung für eine Gesellschaft im demografischen Wandel. , 1 Einleitung -- 2 Mobilität im Alter -- 2.1 Bedeutung des Individualverkehrs -- 2.2 Verkehrsauffälligkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Alter -- 3 Automobilentwicklung für ältere Fahrzeugführer -- 3.1 Herausforderungen und Innovationsfelder -- 3.2 Hilfsmittel bei der Fahrzeugentwicklung -- 3.3 Angebote zur Unterstützung älterer Fahrzeugführer -- 4 Neuartiger ganzheitlicher Entwicklungsansatz -- 4.1 Strategien zur Kompensation der kognitiven und reaktiven Defizite von Fahrzeugführern -- 4.2 Sensierung fahrerischer Defizite -- 4.2.1 Bestimmung fahrerischer Defizite mittels Probandenbefragungenund Messfahrten -- 4.2.2 Bestimmung altersbedingter Sehdefizite -- 4.3 Entwicklung einer Korrektur-Methodik -- 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick -- Literatur/Quellen -- Wohnen im Alter - Herausforderung für Stadtplanung, Architektur und Wohnungswirtschaft -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Altersgerecht - barrierearm - barrierefrei -- 3 Versorgungssicherheit im Quartier -- 4 Zurück in die Stadt? -- 5 NeueWohnformen -- 6 Zusammenfassung -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Pflegerische Versorgung und Erhalt der Selbständigkeit im Alter -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Altern und Gewinn an Gesundheit -- 3 Altern und Pflegebedürftigkeit als besondere Anforderung an die Versorgung -- 4 Pflegerische Versorgungsanforderungen und Erhalt der Selbständigkeit -- 5 Fazit -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Teil V - Einblick und Ausblick -- Chancen gesunden Alterns aus soziologischer Sicht -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit im höheren Lebensalter -- 3 Hemmnisse auf dem Weg zu gesundem Altern -- 4 Gesellschaftspolitische Folgerungen -- 5 Zusammenfassung -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Menschliches Sozialverhalten von der Jugend bis ins Alter - Genetische und Gehirnmechanismen -- 1 Neurogenetik des menschlichen Sozialverhaltens -- 2 Ein instruktives „Experiment der Natur": das Williams-Beuren-Syndrom. , 3 Häufige genetische Varianten beeinflussen menschliche Gewaltbereitschaften -- 4 Mechanismen von Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen -- 5 Verarbeitung des sozialen Status im menschlichen Gehirn -- 6 Gehirnmechanismen des Sozialverhaltens im Alter -- 7 Fazit -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Cicero, Jacob Grimm, Ernst Bloch - Drei Bilder von derWürde des Alters -- 1 Cicero: Die erste Altersstudie -- 2 Jacob Grimm: Vom Glück des Älterwerdens -- 3 Ernst Bloch: Zeit der Ernte -- Literaturverzeichnis.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Aging-Molecular aspects-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (212 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642842245
    Series Statement: Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften Series ; v.1990 / 1990/2
    DDC: 574.372
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heidelberg [and others] : ZMBH [and others]
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource ([33] p., 1,71 Mb.) , ill., graphs
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: Joint German-Israeli research projects
    Language: English , German
    Note: Contract BMBF 01 GA 9805 3. - Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - nBibliography p. 7. - nIndex p. 26 - 27 , Also available as printed version , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The major component of the amyloid deposition that characterizes Alzheimer's disease is the 4-kDa βA4 protein, which is derived from a much larger amyloid protein precursor (APP). A procedure for the complete purification of APP from human brain is described. The same amino terminal sequence of APP was found in two patients with Alzheimer's disease and one control subject. Two major forms of APP were identified in human brain with apparent molecular masses of 100–110 kDa and 120–130 kDa. Soluble and membrane fractions of brain contained nearly equal amounts of APP in both humans and rats. Immunoprecipitation with carboxyl terminus-directed antibodies indicates that the soluble forms of APP are truncated. Carboxyl terminus truncation of membrane-associated forms of human brain APP was also found to occur during postmortem autolysis. The availability of purified human brain APP will facilitate the investigation of its normal function and the events that lead to its abnormal cleavage in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein (αSN) are pathognomonic features of several neurodegenerative disorders. Inclusions occur in oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and in neurons in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to identify disease-associated changes of αSN, this study compared the levels, solubility and molecular weight species of αSN in brain homogenates from MSA, DLB, PD and normal aged controls. In DLB and PD, substantial amounts of detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble αSN were detected compared with controls in grey matter homogenate. Compared with controls, MSA cases had significantly higher levels of αSN in the detergent-soluble fraction of brain samples from pons and white matter but detergent-insoluble αSN was not detected. There was an inverse correlation between buffered saline-soluble and detergent-soluble levels of αSN in individual MSA cases suggesting a transition towards insolubility in disease. The differences in solubility of αSN between grey and white matter in disease may result from different processing of αSN in neurons compared with oligodendrocytes. Highly insoluble αSN is not involved in the pathogenesis of MSA. It is therefore possible that buffered saline-soluble or detergent-soluble forms of αSN are involved in the pathogenesis of other αSN-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Accumulation of theβ-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain is an important step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of Aβ toxicity remains unclear. Aβ can bind to the extracellular matrix, a structure that regulates adhesive events such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. The binding of Aβ to the extracellular matrix suggests that Aβ may disrupt cell-substrate interactions. Therefore, the effect of substrate-bound Aβ on the growth of isolated chick sympathetic and mouse cortical neurons was examined. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 had dose-dependent effects on cell morphology. When tissue culture plates were coated with 0.1-10 ng/well Aβ, neurite outgrowth increased. Higher amounts of Aβ peptides (≥μg/well) inhibited outgrowth. The inhibitory effect was related to aggregation of the peptide, as preincubation of Aβ1-40 for 24 h at 37 °C (a process known to increase amyloid fibril formation) was necessary for inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Aβ29-42, but not Aβ1-28, also inhibited neurite outgrowth at high concentrations, demonstrating that the inhibitory domain is located within the hydrophobic C-terminal region. Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ29-42 also inhibited cell-substrate adhesion, indicating that the effect on neurite outgrowth may have been due to inhibition of cell adhesion. The results suggest that accumulation of Aβ may disrupt cell-adhesion mechanisms in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oxidative stress may have an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. Oxidative damage could result from interactions between highly reactive transition metals such as copper (Cu) and endogenous reducing and/or oxidizing molecules in the brain. One such molecule, homocysteine, a thiol-containing amino acid, has previously been shown to modulate Cu toxicity in HeLa and endothelial cells in vitro. Due to a possible link between hyperhomocysteinemia and AD, we examined whether interaction between homocysteine and Cu could potentiate Cu neurotoxicity. Primary mouse neuronal cultures were treated with homocysteine and either Cu (II), Fe (II or III) or Zn (II). Homocysteine was shown to selectively potentiate toxicity from low micromolar concentrations of Cu. The toxicity of homocysteine/Cu coincubation was dependent on the ability of homocysteine to reduce Cu (II) as reflected by the inhibition of toxicity with the Cu (I)-specific chelator, bathocuproine disulphonate. This was supported by data showing that homocysteine reduced Cu (II) more effectively than cysteine or methionine but did not reduce Fe (III) to Fe (II). Homocysteine also generated high levels of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cu (II) and promoted Aβ/Cu-mediated hydrogen peroxide production and neurotoxicity. The potentiation of metal toxicity did not involve excitotoxicity as ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists had no effect on neurotoxicity. Homocysteine alone also had no effect on neuronal glutathione levels. These studies suggest that increased copper and/or homocysteine levels in the elderly could promote significant oxidant damage to neurons and may represent additional risk factor pathways which conspire to produce AD or related neurodegenerative conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A four- to fivefold overexpression of the gene for the Alzheimer β/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) in individuals with Down's Syndrome (DS) appears to be responsible for the fifty year earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in DS compared to the normal population. It is therefore likely that a deregulated overexpression of the APP gene is a risk factor for the β/A4 amyloid formation. To test this hypothesis and to get a better understanding of how APP expression is regulated, we studied the 5′ control region of the human APP gene, alternative splicing of the 19 APP exons, and APP biogenesis, metabolism and function. The analysis of the APP promoter revealed its similarity with those of housekeeping genes by the presence of a GC-rich region around the transcription start site and the lack of a TATA box. Gene transfer experiments showed this GC-rich region to contain overlapping binding sites for different transcription factors whose binding is mutually excluded. An imbalance between these factors may cause APP overexpression and predispose to AD pathology. Another putative risk factor for AD is regulation of splicing of exon 7 in APP mRNA's which changes in brain during aging. This is relevant for APP processing since exon 7 codes for a Kunitz protease inhibitory domain. Investigation of further splicing adjacent to the β/A4 exons 16 and 17 which might also interfere with APP processing led to the identification of the leukocyte-derived (L-APP) splice forms which lack exon 15. In brain this splicing occurs in activated astrocytes and microglia. The localization of APP at synaptic sites in brain suggests that APP regulation and expression are critical determinants of a potential and early impairment of central synapses. This may be the case during pathological evolution of AD and DS when β/A4 derived from synaptic APP is converted to β/A4 amyloid by radical generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 695 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: βA4, the principal constituent of the brain amyloid collections in Alzheimer's disease, is derived from a much larger precursor, the amyloid protein precursor (APP). APP exists in the blood as full-length, potentially amyloidogenic forms in platelets, and as an attenuated species in plasma and T-lymphocytes. Studies of circulating APP facilitate the elaboration of the function of this protein, as well as the elucidation of its processing in health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 695 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques, which contain a protein referred to as the amyloid or βA4 protein. The βA4 protein is derived from a larger precursor protein (APP). Studies of autosomal-dominant forms of AD have established the central role of APP in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite considerable research, the function of APP is unknown. APP can be processed by at least two separate routes. The first route involves a protease known as “APP secretase,” which cleaves within the amyloid sequence, thereby mitigating amyloid formation. The second route may result in the production of potentially amyloidogenic fragments. Our studies suggest that following release from the cell membrane, APP interacts with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG's). The interaction of APP with HSPG's may be important for the function of APP. Substratum-bound APP was found to dramatically increase neurite outgrowth and survival of chick sympathetic neurons in vitro. This effect was dependent upon the presence of substratum-bound HSPG. The results suggest that normally, when bound to the ECM, APP functions to promote neurite outgrowth and/or cell survival. Loss of this normal trophic function might occur in AD, when APP is proteolytically processed via the amyloidogenic pathway.
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