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  • 2020-2023  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-03-27
    Description: The smallest marine phytoplankton, collectively termed picophytoplankton, have been routinely enumerated by flow cytometry since the late 1980s, during cruises throughout most of the world ocean. We compiled a database of 40,946 data points, with separate abundance entries for Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes. We use average conversion factors for each of the three groups to convert the abundance data to carbon biomass. After gridding with 1° spacing, the database covers 2.4% of the ocean surface area, with the best data coverage in the North Atlantic, the South Pacific and North Indian basins. The average picophytoplankton biomass is 12 ± 22 µg C L-1 or 1.9 g C m-2. We estimate a total global picophytoplankton biomass, excluding N2-fixers, of 0.53 - 0.74 Pg C (17 - 39 % Prochlorococcus, 12 - 15 % Synechococcus and 49 - 69 % picoeukaryotes). Future efforts in this area of research should focus on reporting calibrated cell size, and collecting data in undersampled regions.
    Keywords: MAREMIP; MARine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6.6 MBytes
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: 3175MB93; 3175MB93/10-12; 3175MB93/12-15; 3175MB93/14-17; 3175MB93/16-19; 3175MB93/18-21; 3175MB93/20-23; 3175MB93/22-26; 3175MB93/2-3; 3175MB93/23-27; 3175MB93/24-28; 3175MB93/25-29; 3175MB93/26-30; 3175MB93/27-31; 3175MB93/28-33; 3175MB93/29-35; 3175MB93/30-38; 3175MB93/31-39; 3175MB93/34-42; 3175MB93/35-43; 3175MB93/37-44; 3175MB93/37-45; 3175MB93/38-46; 3175MB93/39-47; 3175MB93/40-48; 3175MB93/41-49; 3175MB93/42-50; 3175MB93/43-52; 3175MB93/44-53; 3175MB93/45-54; 3175MB93/4-6; 3175MB93/46-55; 3175MB93/47-56; 3175MB93/48-57; 3175MB93/49-58; 3175MB93/50-59; 3175MB93/52-61; 3175MB93/53-62; 3175MB93/58-67; 3175MB93/60-69; 3175MB93/64-73; 3175MB93/6-8; 3175MB93/68-78; 3175MB93/70-80; 3175MB93/73-83; 3175MB93/74-84; 3175MB93/75-85; 3175MB93/76-86; 3175MB93/77-87; 3175MB93/78-88; 3175MB93/80-90; 3175MB93/8-10; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Flow cytometry; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Malcolm Baldrige; Prokaryotes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 141 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Hankin, Steven; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alexander; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley; Metzl, Nicolas; Sabine, Christopher L; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R; Bellerby, Richard G J; Borges, Alberto Vieira; Boutin, Jacqueline; Brown, Peter J; Cai, Wei-Jun; Chavez, Francisco P; Chen, Arthur; Cosca, Catherine E; Fassbender, Andrea J; Feely, Richard A; González-Dávila, Melchor; Goyet, Catherine; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Heinze, Christoph; Hood, E Maria; Hoppema, Mario; Hunt, Christopher W; Hydes, David; Ishii, Masao; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Steve D; Key, Robert M; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lourantou, Anna; Merlivat, Liliane; Midorikawa, Takashi; Mintrop, Ludger J; Miyazaki, Chihiro; Murata, Akihiko; Nakadate, Akira; Nakano, Yoshiyuki; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Omar, Abdirahman M; Padín, Xose Antonio; Park, Geun-Ha; Paterson, Kristina; Pérez, Fiz F; Pierrot, Denis; Poisson, Alain; Ríos, Aida F; Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena; Salisbury, Joe; Sarma, Vedula V S S; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schuster, Ute; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Suzuki, Toru; Takahashi, Taro; Tedesco, Kathy; Telszewski, Maciej; Thomas, Helmuth; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tjiputra, Jerry; Vandemark, Doug; Veness, Tony; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J; Weiss, Ray F; Wong, Chi Shing; Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki (2013): A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 5(1), 125-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-125-2013
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.
    Keywords: 0306SFC_PRT; 061ASFC_PRT; 06AQ19860627-track; 06AQ19860928-track; 06AQ19911114-track; 06AQ19911210-track; 06AQ19921005-track; 06AQ19930128-track; 06AQ19930228-track; 06AQ19931019-track; 06AQ19940524-track; 06AQ19951206-track; 06AQ19960320-track; 06AQ19980411-track; 06AQ19990327-track; 06AQ20001004-track; 06AQ20001026-track; 06BE19961010-track; 06CK20060523-track; 06CK20060715-track; 06CK20060821-track; 06GA19960613-track; 06GA276_3; 06LB19831130-track; 06LB19840107-track; 06LB19840629-track; 06LB19850110-track; 06LB19850313-track; 06LB19850812-track; 06LB19860116-track; 06LB19860323-track; 06LB19860801-track; 06LB19861011-track; 06LB19861214-track; 06LB19870221-track; 06LB19870501-track; 06LB19870721-track; 06LB19870920-track; 06LB19871126-track; 06LB19871231-track; 06LB19880204-track; 06MT18_1; 06MT19910903-track; 06MT19920510-track; 06MT19921229-track; 06MT19941012-track; 06MT19941119-track; 06MT19950714-track; 06MT19960607-track; 06MT19960622-track; 06MT19970106-track; 06MT19970516-track; 06MT19970707-track; 06MT19970814-track; 06MT19981228-track; 06MT20021015-track; 06MT20060714; 06MT20060714-track; 06MT22_5; 06MT30_2; 06MT30_3; 06MT37_2; 06MT39_4; 06MT39_5; 06P119910616-track; 06P119950901-track; 06PO20050321; 06PO20050322-track; 07AL19951011-track; 07AL19960218-track; 07AL19970503-track; 07AL19990718-track; 07AL19991101-track; 07AL19991129-track; 07AL20000113-track; 07AL20000210-track; 07AL20000305-track; 07AL20010513-track; 07AL20010607-track; 07AL20010709-track; 07AL20010802-track; 09AR0103; 09AR19910926-track; 09AR19921019-track; 09AR19930105-track; 09AR19930311-track; 09AR19930807-track; 09AR19931119-track; 09AR19940101-track; 09AR19940831-track; 09AR19941213-track; 09AR19950717-track; 09AR19950916-track; 09AR19960119-track; 09AR19960822-track; 09AR19970910-track; 09AR19971114-track; 09AR19980228-track; 09AR19980404-track; 09AR19980715-track; 09AR19990716-track; 09AR20011031-track; 09AR9401; 09AR9404; 09AR9407; 09AR9501; 09AR9502; 09AR9601; 09AR9604; 09AR9701; 09AR9703; 09AR9707; 09AR9801; 09AR9806; 09AR9901; 09FA20000927-track; 09SS19951116-track; 09SS19990205-track; 11BE19940413-track; 11BE19950303-track; 11BE19950912-track; 11BE19970513-track; 11BE19970527-track; 11BE19970609-track; 11BE19970618-track; 11BE19970621; 11BE19970621-track; 11BE19970702-track; 11BE19980107-track; 11BE19980614-track; 11BE19980625-track; 11BE19980710-track; 11BE19990830-track; 11BE19990904-track; 11BE19990914-track; 11BE19990918-track; 11BE20010502-track; 11BE20010514-track; 11BE20010522-track; 11BE20020422-track; 11BE20020511-track; 11BE20020528-track; 11BE20021104-track; 11BE20030331-track; 11BE20030901; 11BE20030901-track; 11BE20031027; 11BE20031027-track; 11BE20031208; 11BE20031208-track; 11BE20040223; 11BE20040223-track; 11BE20040329; 11BE20040329-track; 11BE20040524; 11BE20040524-track; 11BE20040601-track; 11BE20041004; 11BE20041004-track; 11BE20060425; 11BE20060425-track; 11BE20060529-track; 11BE20070507-track; 18QA19730812-track; 18QA19731028-track; 18QA19760111-track; 18QA19760619-track; 18QA19760911-track; 18QA19761204-track; 18VC19740105-track; 18VC19740216-track; 18VC19741113-track; 18VC19750622-track; 18VC19750913-track; 1995-10-BS; 1996-02-BS; 1997-05-BS; 1999-07-BS; 1999-11-BS; 1999-12-BS; 2000-01-BS; 2000-02-BS; 2000-03-BS; 2001-05-BS; 2001-06-BS; 2001-07-BS; 2001-08-BS; 2003-06-BS; 2003-07-BS; 2003-08-BS; 2003-09-BS; 2003-10-BS; 2004-02-BS; 2004-03-BS; 2004-04-BS; 2004-05-BS; 2004-06-BS; 2004-07-BS; 2004-08-BS; 2004-09-BS; 2004-10-BS; 2005-01-BS; 2005-02-BS; 2005-03-BS; 2005-04-BS; 2005-05-BS; 2005-06-BS; 2005-07-BS; 2005-08-BS; 2005-09-BS; 2005-10-BS; 2005-11-BS; 2005-12-BS; 2006-03-BS; 2006-04-BS; 2006-05-BS; 2006-06-BS; 2006-07-BS; 2006-08-BS; 2006-09-BS; 20070110_TC2; 20070117_TC2; 20070123_TC2; 20070130_TC2; 20070207_TC2; 20070219_TC2; 20070227_TC2; 20070305_TC2; 20070320_TC2; 20070327_TC2; 20070402_TC2; 20070409_TC2; 20070416_TC2; 20070423_TC2; 20070430_TC2; 20070508_TC2; 20070515_TC2; 20070521_TC2; 20070529_TC2; 20070604_TC2; 20070613_TC2; 20070620_TC2; 20070627_TC2; 20070703_TC2; 20070709_TC2; 20070716_TC2; 20070723_TC2; 20070730_TC2; 2007-07-BS; 20070806_TC2; 20070815_TC2; 20070820_TC2; 20070827_TC2; 2007-08-BS; 20070903_TC2; 20070910_TC2; 20070917_TC2; 20071001_TC2; 20071008_TC2; 20071010_TC2; 20071015_TC2; 20071023_TC2; 20071105_TC2; 20071115_TC2; 20071120_TC2; 20071128_TC2; 20071204_TC2; 20071211_TC2; 20071218_TC2; 20071225_TC2; 24N98L1; 24N98L2; 26GC20010421-track; 26GC20010831-track; 26NA20050107; 26NA20050107-track; 26NA20050115; 26NA20050115-track; 26NA20050130; 26NA20050130-track; 26NA20050207; 26NA20050207-track; 26NA20050317; 26NA20050317-track; 26NA20050321; 26NA20050321-track; 26NA20050402; 26NA20050402-track; 26NA20050420; 26NA20050420-track; 26NA20050502; 26NA20050502-track; 26NA20050511; 26NA20050511-track; 26NA20050523; 26NA20050523-track; 26NA20050531; 26NA20050531-track; 26NA20050614; 26NA20050614-track; 26NA20050624; 26NA20050624-track; 26NA20050714; 26NA20050714-track; 26NA20050720; 26NA20050720-track; 26NA20050730; 26NA20050730-track; 26NA20050805; 26NA20050805-track; 26NA20050815; 26NA20050815-track; 26NA20050824; 26NA20050824-track; 26NA20050914; 26NA20050914-track; 26NA20050927; 26NA20050927-track; 26NA20051005; 26NA20051005-track; 26NA20051018; 26NA20051018-track; 26NA20051026; 26NA20051026-track; 26NA20051110; 26NA20051110-track; 26NA20051117; 26NA20051117-track; 26NA20051130; 26NA20051130-track; 26NA20060518; 26NA20060518-track; 26NA20060527; 26NA20060527-track; 26NA20060607; 26NA20060607-track; 26NA20060617; 26NA20060617-track; 26NA20060628; 26NA20060628-track; 26NA20060708; 26NA20060708-track; 26NA20060719; 26NA20060719-track; 26NA20060728; 26NA20060728-track; 26NA20060809; 26NA20060809-track; 26NA20060818; 26NA20060818-track; 26NA20060830; 26NA20060830-track; 26NA20060908; 26NA20060908-track; 26NA20060920; 26NA20060920-track; 26NA20061011; 26NA20061011-track; 26NA20061021; 26NA20061021-track; 26NA20061128; 26NA20061128-track; 26NA20061202; 26NA20061202-track; 26NA20061214; 26NA20061214-track; 26NA20061225; 26NA20061225-track; 26NA20070103; 26NA20070103-track; 26NA20070112; 26NA20070112-track; 26NA20070125; 26NA20070125-track; 26NA20070205; 26NA20070205-track; 26NA20070216; 26NA20070216-track; 26NA20070323; 26NA20070323-track; 26NA20070329; 26NA20070329-track; 26NA20070410; 26NA20070410-track; 26NA20070418; 26NA20070418-track; 26NA20070427; 26NA20070427-track; 26NA20070509; 26NA20070509-track; 26NA20070518; 26NA20070518-track; 26NA20070530; 26NA20070530-track; 26NA20070610; 26NA20070610-track; 26NA20070622; 26NA20070622-track; 26NA20070701; 26NA20070701-track; 26NA20070712; 26NA20070712-track; 26NA20070721; 26NA20070721-track; 26NA20070802; 26NA20070802-track; 26NA20070811; 26NA20070811-track; 26NA20070901; 26NA20070901-track; 26NA20070912; 26NA20070912-track; 26NA20070923; 26NA20070923-track; 26NA20071003; 26NA20071003-track; 26NA20071014; 26NA20071014-track; 26NA20071024; 26NA20071024-track; 26NA20071103; 26NA20071103-track; 26NA20071114; 26NA20071114-track; 26NA20071124; 26NA20071124-track; 29HE050; 29HE19980729-track; 29HE20001028; 29HE20001028-track; 29HE20010306; 29HE20010306-track; 29HE20011027; 29HE20011027-track; 29HE20020305; 29HE20020305-track; 29HE20021028; 29HE20021028-track; 29HE20030409; 29HE20030409-track; 29HE20041021; 29HE20041021-track; 316N0154; 316N19810401-track; 316N19810416-track; 316N19810516-track; 316N19810619-track; 316N19810721-track; 316N19810821-track; 316N19810923-track; 316N19821202-track; 316N19821230-track; 316N19830130-track; 316N19831007-track; 316N19840111-track; 316N19871030-track; 316N19871123-track; 316N19871218-track; 316N19880128-track; 316N19940404-track; 316N19941201-track; 316N19950124-track; 316N19950310-track; 316N19950423-track; 316N19950611-track; 316N19950715-track; 316N19950829-track; 316N19951111-track; 316N19951205-track; 316N19961102-track; 316N19971005-track; 318M19780921-track; 318M19780928-track; 318M19790210-track; 318M19790308-track;
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1851 datasets
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bakker, Dorothee C E; Pfeil, Benjamin; Smith, Karl; Hankin, Steven; Olsen, Are; Alin, Simone R; Cosca, Catherine E; Harasawa, Sumiko; Kozyr, Alexander; Nojiri, Yukihiro; O'Brien, Kevin M; Schuster, Ute; Telszewski, Maciej; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Akl, John; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicolas R; Boutin, Jacqueline; Bozec, Yann; Cai, Wei-Jun; Castle, Robert D; Chavez, Francisco P; Chen, Lei; Chierici, Melissa; Currie, Kim I; de Baar, Hein J W; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A; Fransson, Agneta; Gao, Zhongyong; Hales, Burke; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Hoppema, Mario; Huang, Wei-Jen; Hunt, Christopher W; Huss, Betty; Ichikawa, Tadafumi; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Elizabeth M; Jones, Steve D; Jutterstrøm, Sara; Kitidis, Vassilis; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T; Merlivat, Liliane; Metzl, Nicolas; Murata, Akihiko; Newberger, Timothy; Omar, Abdirahman M; Ono, Tsuneo; Park, Geun-Ha; Paterson, Kristina; Pierrot, Denis; Ríos, Aida F; Sabine, Christopher L; Saito, Shu; Salisbury, Joe; Sarma, Vedula V S S; Schlitzer, Reiner; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin; Sun, Heng; Sutton, Adrienne; Suzuki, Toru; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Tjiputra, Jerry; Tsurushima, Nobuo; van Heuven, Steven; Vandemark, Doug; Vlahos, Penny; Wallace, Douglas WR; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J (2014): An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2). Earth System Science Data, 6(1), 69-90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2669 datasets
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93 (2012): 1547–1566, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00201.1.
    Description: The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95°–100°W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame.
    Description: Funding for GEO-CAPE definition activities is provided by the Earth Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    Description: 2013-04-01
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 27, no. 2 (2014): 18-23, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.56.
    Description: Continental shelves and the waters overlying them support numerous industries as diverse as tourism and recreation, energy extraction, fisheries, transportation, and applications of marine bio-molecules (e.g., agribusiness, food processing, pharmaceuticals). Although these shelf ecosystems exhibit impacts of climate change and increased human use of resources (Halpern et al., 2012; IPCC, 2013, 2014; Melillo et al., 2014), there are currently no standardized metrics for assessing changes in ecological function in the coastal ocean. Here, we argue that it is possible to monitor vital signs of ecosystem function by focusing on the lowest levels of the ocean food web. Establishment of biodiversity, biomass, and primary productivity baselines and continuous evaluation of changes in biological resources in these economically and ecologically valuable regions requires an internationally coordinated monitoring effort that fully integrates natural, social, and economic sciences to jointly identify problems and design solutions. Such an ocean observing network is needed to protect the livelihoods of coastal communities in the context of the goals of the Future Earth program (Mooney et al., 2013) and of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (http://www.ipbes.net). The tools needed to initiate these assessments are available today.
    Description: AEW and RML have been supported by C-MORE (NSF) and the Gordon and Betty Moore and Alfred P. Sloan Foundations. FMK and EM have been supported by NASA, NOAA, NSF, and EPA. FPC was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and NASA. HMS was supported by NASA and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. EMJ received support from NOAA. MB received support from the NSF. MTK and SCD acknowledge support from C-MORE (NSF). MWL was supported by NSF and NASA. WMB was supported by NASA and NSF.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Choi, C. J., Jimenez, V., Needham, D. M., Poirier, C., Bachy, C., Alexander, H., Wilken, S., Chavez, F. P., Sudek, S., Giovannoni, S. J., & Worden, A. Z. Seasonal and geographical transitions in eukaryotic phytoplankton community structure in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, (2020): 542372, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.542372.
    Description: Much is known about how broad eukaryotic phytoplankton groups vary according to nutrient availability in marine ecosystems. However, genus- and species-level dynamics are generally unknown, although important given that adaptation and acclimation processes differentiate at these levels. We examined phytoplankton communities across seasonal cycles in the North Atlantic (BATS) and under different trophic conditions in the eastern North Pacific (ENP), using phylogenetic classification of plastid-encoded 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and other methodologies, including flow cytometric cell sorting. Prasinophytes dominated eukaryotic phytoplankton amplicons during the nutrient-rich deep-mixing winter period at BATS. During stratification (‘summer’) uncultured dictyochophytes formed ∼35 ± 10% of all surface plastid amplicons and dominated those from stramenopile algae, whereas diatoms showed only minor, ephemeral contributions over the entire year. Uncultured dictyochophytes also comprised a major fraction of plastid amplicons in the oligotrophic ENP. Phylogenetic reconstructions of near-full length 16S rRNA sequences established 11 uncultured Dictyochophyte Environmental Clades (DEC). DEC-I and DEC-VI dominated surface dictyochophytes under stratification at BATS and in the ENP, and DEC-IV was also important in the latter. Additionally, although less common at BATS, Florenciella-related clades (FC) were prominent at depth in the ENP. In both ecosystems, pelagophytes contributed notably at depth, with PEC-VIII (Pelagophyte Environmental Clade) and (cultured) Pelagomonas calceolata being most important. Q-PCR confirmed the near absence of P. calceolata at the surface of the same oligotrophic sites where it reached ∼1,500 18S rRNA gene copies ml–1 at the DCM. To further characterize phytoplankton present in our samples, we performed staining and at-sea single-cell sorting experiments. Sequencing results from these indicated several uncultured dictyochophyte clades are comprised of predatory mixotrophs. From an evolutionary perspective, these cells showed both conserved and unique features in the chloroplast genome. In ENP metatranscriptomes we observed high expression of multiple chloroplast genes as well as expression of a selfish element (group II intron) in the psaA gene. Comparative analyses across the Pacific and Atlantic sites support the conclusion that predatory dictyochophytes thrive under low nutrient conditions. The observations that several uncultured dictyochophyte lineages are seemingly capable of photosynthesis and predation, raises questions about potential shifts in phytoplankton trophic roles associated with seasonality and long-term ocean change.
    Description: This research was funded by NSF Dimensions grants DEB-1639033 and DEB-1638928 to AZW and SJG, BIOSCOPE to SJG and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation GBMF3788 to AZW.
    Keywords: dictyochophytes ; phytoplankton diversity ; time-series ; single-cell genomics ; chloroplast genome
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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