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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 752-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Contributing roughly half of the biosphere’s net primary production (NPP), photosynthesis by oceanic phytoplankton is a vital link in the cycling of carbon between living and inorganic stocks. Each day, more than a hundred million tons of carbon in the form of CO2 are fixed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05317
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Simulating the global distribution of nitrogen isotopes in the ocean (2010)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24 (4).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: We present a new nitrogen isotope model incorporated into the three-dimensional ocean component of a global Earth system climate model designed for millennial timescale simulations. The model includes prognostic tracers for the two stable nitrogen isotopes, 14N and 15N, in the nitrate (NO3−), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus variables of the marine ecosystem model. The isotope effects of algal NO3− uptake, nitrogen fixation, water column denitrification, and zooplankton excretion are considered as well as the removal of NO3− by sedimentary denitrification. A global database of δ15NO3− observations is compiled from previous studies and compared to the model results on a regional basis where sufficient observations exist. The model is able to qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce many of the observed patterns such as high subsurface values in water column denitrification zones and the meridional and vertical gradients in the Southern Ocean. The observed pronounced subsurface minimum in the Atlantic is underestimated by the model presumably owing to too little simulated nitrogen fixation there. Sensitivity experiments reveal that algal NO3− uptake, nitrogen fixation, and water column denitrification have the strongest effects on the simulated distribution of nitrogen isotopes, whereas the effect from zooplankton excretion is weaker. Both water column and sedimentary denitrification also have important indirect effects on the nitrogen isotope distribution by reducing the fixed nitrogen inventory, which creates an ecological niche for nitrogen fixers and, thus, stimulates additional N2 fixation in the model. Important model deficiencies are identified, and strategies for future improvement and possibilities for model application are outlined.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2009gb003767
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Ocean Time Series Observations of Changing Marine Ecosystems: An Era of Integration, Synthesis, and Societal Applications (2019)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 . Art.Nr. 393.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Sustained ocean time series are critical for characterizing marine ecosystem shifts in a time of accelerating, and at times unpredictable, changes. They represent the only means to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic forcings, and are the best tools to explore causal links and implications for human communities that depend on ocean resources. Since the inception of sustained ocean observations, ocean time series have withstood many challenges, most prominently availability of uninterrupted funding and retention of trained personnel. This OceanObs’19 review article provides an overarching vision for sustained ocean time series observations for the next decade, focusing on the growing challenges of maintaining sustained ocean time series, including ship-based and autonomous coastal and open-ocean platforms, as well as remote sensing. In addition to increased diversification of funding sources to include the private sector, NGOs, and other groups, more effective engagement of stakeholders and other end-users will be critical to ensure the sustainability of ocean time series programs. Building a cohesive international time series network will require dedicated capacity to coordinate across observing programs and leverage existing infrastructure and platforms of opportunity. This review article outlines near-term observing priorities and technology needs; explores potential mechanisms to broaden ocean time series data applications and end-user communities; and describes current tools and future requirements for managing increasingly complex multi-platform data streams and developing synthesis products that support science and society. The actionable recommendations outlined herein ultimately form the basis for a robust, sustainable, fit-for-purpose time series network that will foster a predictive understanding of changing ocean systems for the benefit of society.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00393
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Effects of nutrient enrichments on oligotrophic phytoplankton communities: a mesocosm experiment near Hawai‘i, USA (2021)
    Inter Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A large-volume mesocosm-based nutrient perturbation experiment was conducted off the island of Hawai‘I, USA, to investigate the response of surface ocean phytoplankton communities to nutrient addition of macronutrients, trace metals, and vitamins and to assess the feasibility of using mesocosms in the open ocean. Three free-drifting mesocosms (~60 m3) were deployed: one mesocosm served as a control (no nutrient amendments), a second (termed +P) was amended with nitrate (N), silicate (Si), phosphate (P) and a trace metal + vitamin mixture, and a third (termed -P) was amended with N, Si, and a trace metal + vitamin mixture but no P. These mesocosms were unreplicated due to logistical constraints and hence differences between treatments are qualitative. After 6 d, the largest response of the phytoplankton community was observed in the +P mesocosm where chlorophyll a (chl a) and 14C-based primary production were 2–3× greater than the -P mesocosm and 4–6× greater than the control. Comparison between mesocosm and ‘microcosm’ incubations (20 l) revealed differences in the magnitude and timing of production and marked differences in community structure with a reduced response of diatoms in microcosm treatments. Notably, we also observed pronounced declines in Prochlorococcus populations in all treatments: although these were greater in microcosms (up to 99%). Overall, this study confirmed the feasibility of deploying free-drifting mesocosms in the open ocean as a potentially powerful tool to investigate ecological impacts of nutrient perturbations and constitutes a valuable first step towards scaling plankton manipulation experiments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Global distributions of diazotrophs abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates - Gridded data product (NetCDF) - Contribution to the MAREDAT World Ocean Atlas of Plankton Functional Types (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Luo, Yawei; Doney, Scott C; Anderson, L A; Benavides, Mar; Berman-Frank, I; Bode, Antonio; Bonnet, S; Boström, Kjärstin H; Böttjer, D; Capone, D G; Carpenter, E J; Chen, Yaw-Lin; Church, Matthew J; Dore, John E; Falcón, Luisa I; Fernández, A; Foster, R A; Furuya, Ken; Gomez, Fernando; Gundersen, Kjell; Hynes, Annette M; Karl, David Michael; Kitajima, Satoshi; Langlois, Rebecca; LaRoche, Julie; Letelier, Ricardo M; Marañón, Emilio; McGillicuddy Jr, Dennis J; Moisander, Pia H; Moore, C Mark; Mouriño-Carballido, Beatriz; Mulholland, Margaret R; Needoba, Joseph A; Orcutt, Karen M; Poulton, Alex J; Rahav, Eyal; Raimbault, Patrick; Rees, Andrew; Riemann, Lasse; Shiozaki, Takuhei; Subramaniam, Ajit; Tyrrell, Toby; Turk-Kubo, Kendra A; Varela, Manuel; Villareal, Tracy A; Webb, Eric A; White, Angelicque E; Wu, Jingfeng; Zehr, Jonathan P (2012): Database of diazotrophs in global ocean: abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates. Earth System Science Data, 4, 47-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-47-2012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-27
    Description: The MAREDAT atlas covers 11 types of plankton, ranging in size from bacteria to jellyfish. Together, these plankton groups determine the health and productivity of the global ocean and play a vital role in the global carbon cycle. Working within a uniform and consistent spatial and depth grid (map) of the global ocean, the researchers compiled thousands and tens of thousands of data points to identify regions of plankton abundance and scarcity as well as areas of data abundance and scarcity. At many of the grid points, the MAREDAT team accomplished the difficult conversion from abundance (numbers of organisms) to biomass (carbon mass of organisms). The MAREDAT atlas provides an unprecedented global data set for ecological and biochemical analysis and modeling as well as a clear mandate for compiling additional existing data and for focusing future data gathering efforts on key groups in key areas of the ocean. This is a gridded data product about diazotrophic organisms . There are 6 variables. Each variable is gridded on a dimension of 360 (longitude) * 180 (latitude) * 33 (depth) * 12 (month). The first group of 3 variables are: (1) number of biomass observations, (2) biomass, and (3) special nifH-gene-based biomass. The second group of 3 variables is same as the first group except that it only grids non-zero data. We have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling more than 11,000 direct field measurements including 3 sub-databases: (1) nitrogen fixation rates, (2) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from cell counts and (3) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from qPCR assays targeting nifH genes. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. Data are assigned to 3 groups including Trichodesmium, unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (group A, B and C when applicable) and heterocystous cyanobacteria (Richelia and Calothrix). Total nitrogen fixation rates and diazotrophic biomass are calculated by summing the values from all the groups. Some of nitrogen fixation rates are whole seawater measurements and are used as total nitrogen fixation rates. Both volumetric and depth-integrated values were reported. Depth-integrated values are also calculated for those vertical profiles with values at 3 or more depths.
    Keywords: MAREMIP; MARine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1.7 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Nitrogen fixation rate of the diazotroph community structure in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Keywords: 15N2-tracer method; ALOHA2005-06-15; ALOHA2005-07-16; ALOHA2005-08-14; ALOHA2005-09-09; ALOHA2005-10-08; ALOHA2005-11-16; ALOHA2005-12-13; ALOHA2006-01-25; ALOHA2006-02-15; ALOHA2006-03-10; ALOHA2006-04-01; ALOHA2006-05-26; ALOHA2006-06-13; ALOHA2006-07-12; ALOHA2006-08-08; ALOHA2006-09-15; ALOHA2006-10-19; ALOHA2006-11-08; ALOHA2006-12-09; ALOHA2007-02-06; ALOHA2007-03-20; ALOHA2007-05-03; ALOHA2007-06-09; ALOHA2007-07-07; ALOHA2007-08-02; ALOHA2007-09-02; Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Hawaiian Islands, North Central Pacific; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; Nitrogen fixation rate, total; Nitrogen fixation rate, whole seawater
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 364 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Nitrogen fixation rate of an anticyclonic eddy in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Keywords: Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Hawaiian Islands, North Central Pacific; HI2005-07-26/1; HI2005-07-26/2; HI2005-07-26/3; HI2005-07-26/4; HI2005-07-26/5; HI2005-07-26/6; HI2005-07-26/7; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction); Nitrogen fixation rate, total; Nitrogen fixation rate, whole seawater
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Abundance of Gamma-A nifH in an anticyclonic eddy in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Keywords: ALOHA2005-07-26_01; ALOHA2005-07-26_02; ALOHA2005-07-26_03; ALOHA2005-07-26_04; ALOHA2005-07-26_05; ALOHA2005-07-26_06; ALOHA2005-07-26_07; ALOHA2005-07-26_08; Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Diazotrophs, total biomass as carbon; Event label; Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); Hawaiian Islands, North Central Pacific; Heterocyst, biomass; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; Richelia, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Richelia, associated species; Richelia, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Trichodesmium, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Trichodesmium, biomass as carbon; Trichodesmium abundance, total; Unicellular cyanobacteria, biomass; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 104 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Nitrogen fixation rate and carbon fixation in the oligotrophic North Pacific (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Keywords: Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Hawaiian Islands, North Central Pacific; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction); Nitrogen fixation rate, total; Nitrogen fixation rate, whole seawater; North Pacific; Ocean PERturbation EXperiment; OPEREX; OPEREX_1; OPEREX_2; OPEREX_3; OPEREX_4; OPEREX_5; OPEREX_6; OPEREX_7; OPEREX_8; OPEREX_9; Pacific Open Ocean Bloom; POOB; POOB_1; POOB_10; POOB_11; POOB_12; POOB_13; POOB_14; POOB_15; POOB_2; POOB_3; POOB_4; POOB_5; POOB_6; POOB_7; POOB_8; POOB_9
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 86 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Abundance and calculated biomass of Trichodesmium spp. in the productivity of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-16
    Keywords: 31HX024/1; 31HX025/1; 31HX026/1; 31HX028/1; 31HX029/1; 31KA010/1; 32MW013/1; 32MW022/1; 32MW023/1; 32MW037/1; 32MW040/1; 32MW041/1; 32WC016/1; 32WC018/1; 32WC031/1; 32WC034/1; 32WC036/1; 33KA014/1; 33KA015/1; 33KA017/1; 33KA019/1; Alpha Helix; Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); Chlorophyll total; Comment; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Diazotrophs, total biomass as carbon; Event label; HOT-10; HOT-10_2-4; HOT-13; HOT-13_2-2; HOT-14; HOT-14_2-2; HOT-15; HOT-15_2-2; HOT-16; HOT-16_2-2; HOT-17; HOT-17_2-3; HOT-18; HOT-18_2-3; HOT-19; HOT-19_2-3; HOT-22; HOT-22_2-2; HOT-23; HOT-23_1-1; HOT-23_2-7; HOT-24; HOT-24_2-1; HOT-25; HOT-25_2-1; HOT-26; HOT-26_2-1; HOT-28; HOT-28_2-1; HOT-28_2-2; HOT-29; HOT-29_2-1; HOT-31; HOT-31_2-1; HOT-34; HOT-34_2-2; HOT-36; HOT-36_2-1; HOT-37; HOT-37_2-2; HOT-40; HOT-40_2-1; HOT-41; HOT-41_2-1; Kaimalino; Latitude of event; Light microscope; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; Moana Wave; Nitrate; North Pacific Ocean; Phosphate; Salinity; Temperature, water; Trichodesmium, biomass as carbon; Trichodesmium, carbon per trichome; Trichodesmium abundance, colonies; Trichodesmium abundance, free trichomes; Trichodesmium abundance, total; Wecoma
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 258 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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