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  • 2020-2022  (3)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
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  • 1
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    Diversity of Bacterioplankton and Bacteriobenthos from the Veracruz Reef System, Southwestern Gulf of Mexico (2021)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Microorganisms, MDPI, 9(3), pp. 619, ISSN: 2076-2607
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Bacterial diversity was explored among field samples and cultured isolates from coral reefs within the Veracruz Reef System. Bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos were characterized by pyrosequencing 16S rRNA genes. Identified sequences belonged to the kingdom Bacteria and classified into 33 phyla. Proteobacteria (likely SAR11 clade) dominated in collective field samples, whereas Firmicutes were the most abundant taxa among cultured isolates. Bioinformatic sorting of sequences to family level revealed 223 bacterial families. Pseudomonadaceae, Exiguobacteraceae and Bacillaceae were dominant among cultured isolates. Vibrionaceae, Alteromonadaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae dominated in reef-associated sediments, whereas Rickettsiaceae and Synechoccaceae were more highly represented in the water column. Bacterial communities from sediments were more diverse than from the water column. This study reveals cryptic bacterial diversity among microenvironmental components of marine microbial reef communities subject to differential influence of anthropogenic stressors. Such investigations are critical for constructing scenarios of environmentally induced shifts in bacterial biodiversity and species composition.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Associated Bacteria and Their Effects on Growth and Toxigenicity of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima Species Complex From Epibenthic Substrates Along Mexican Coasts (2020)
    Frontiers
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers, 7, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-14
    Description: The dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum is globally represented by a wide variety of species found upon benthic and/or epiphytic substrates. Many epibenthic Prorocentrum species produce lipophilic polyether toxins, some of which act as potent protein phosphatase inhibitors and tumor-promoters associated with Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP). Most members of the Prorocentrum lima species complex (PLSC) commonly found in the tropics and sub-tropics are toxigenic. Epiphytic and planktonic bacteria co-occur with toxigenic Prorocentrum but reciprocal allelochemical interactions are under-investigated. The aim of the present study was to identify the culturable bacteria collected together with isolates of the PLSC from seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) and macroalgae along tropical Atlantic coasts of Mexico, and to explore potential species interactions with selected isolates. Twenty-one bacterial genera belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were identified by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene marker from nine clonal Prorocentrum cultures, with g-proteobacteria comprising the dominant class. A positive correlation was found between the bacterial genera associated with two Prorocentrum clones and the esterified toxin analog DTX1a-D8, but there was no apparent correlation between the other PLSC clones and their associated bacteria with the other five DSP toxins detected. No bacteriostatic or allelochemical response was found for cell- and culture medium extracts of five Prorocentrum isolates assayed for bioactivity against Staphylococcus sp. DMBS2 and Vibrio sp. HEL66. Bulk cell-washing of Prorocentrum PA1, followed by growth with antibiotics, was only effective in reducing bacterial load in the initial growth stages, but did not yield axenic cultures or lower bacterial cell densities throughout the culture cycle. Antibiotic treatment did not impair growth or survival of the dinoflagellate, or apparently affect DSP toxin production. There was no significant correlation between Prorocentrum cell volume, growth rate, bacterial cell counts, or cellular toxin concentration over the entire time-series culture cycle. Benthic Prorocentrum and associated bacterial communities comprise highly diverse and characteristic microbiomes upon substrates, and among compartments in culture, but this study provides little evidence that allelochemical interactions among Prorocentrum cells and associated bacteria originating from epibenthic substrates play a definable role in growth and toxigenicity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Toxin profile of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean coast as determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2007)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 6(5), pp. 734-744, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The profile of tetrahydropurine neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) was determined from a Chilean strain of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. The toxin composition was compared with that of toxic shellfish, presumably contaminated by natural blooms of A. catenella from the same region in southern Chile. Ion pair-liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection (LC-FD) was employed for relative quantitative analysis of the toxin components, whereas unambiguous identification of the toxins was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the dinoflagellate strain from Chile, the N-sulfocarbamoyl derivatives (C1/C2, B1) and the carbamoyl gonyautoxins GTX1/GTX4 comprise 〉90% of the total PSP toxin content on a molar basis. This toxin composition is consistent with that determined for A. catenella populations from the Pacific coast in the northern hemisphere. The characteristic toxin profile is also reflected in the shellfish, but with evidence of epimerization and metabolic transformations of C1 and C2 to GTX2 and GTX3, respectively. This work represents the first unequivocal identification and confirmation of such PSP toxin components from the Chilean coast.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Phylogeography and Diversity Among Populations of the Toxigenic Benthic Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum From Coastal Reef Systems in Mexico (2021)
    Frontiers
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers, 8, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-24
    Description: The marine dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum Ehrenberg comprises many species occupying primarily benthic or epiphytic habitats, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical waters. Despite concerted efforts to establish phylogenetic associations, there remain unresolved issues in defining morphospecies and membership in species complexes. The study described herein addressed the inter- and infraspecific relationships of members of the Prorocentrum lima and Prorocentrum hoffmannianum species complexes (PLSC and PHSC, respectively) by applying multivariate approaches in morphotaxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and chemodiversity to establish affinities among multiple clonal isolates. Morphotaxonomic analysis showed consistency with classical morphospecies descriptors, and high variability in cell size and dimensions, but did not challenge current species complex concepts. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS/5.8S rDNA sequences from isolates from the Gulf of California, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico coasts compared with archived global GenBank sequences served to define five consistent clades with separation of the PLSC and PHSC. Secondary structure modeling of ITS2 rRNA variation based on compensatory base changes (CBC) was effective in resolving details of the respective species complexes and even indicated putative incipient or cryptic speciation due to potential hybridization barriers. This study represents the largest (n = 67 isolates) chemodiversity analysis of polyketide-derived toxins associated with diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) from a benthic dinoflagellate genus. Relative composition of some analogs (OA, OA-D8, DTX1, DTX1a, and DTX1a-D8), including two new undescribed isomers, distinguished P. lima from P. hoffmannianum sensu lato, but without clear associations with substrate type or geographical origin. Although all P. lima and most (one exception) P. hoffmannianum were toxigenic, the total cell toxin content could not be linked at the species level. This research demonstrates that clonal chemodiversity in toxin composition cannot yet be effectively applied to define ecological niches or species interactions within local assemblages. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS/5.8 rDNA, particularly when combined with secondary structure modeling, rather than only a comparison of LSU rDNA sequences, is a more powerful approach to identify cryptic speciation and to resolve species complexes within benthic dinoflagellate groups.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (2008): 1049-1056, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010.
    Description: The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.
    Description: This paper was developed under the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) core research project on HABs and Eutrophication and the GEOHAB regional focus on HABs in Asia. GEOHAB is supported by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), which are, in turn, supported by multiple agencies, including NSF and NOAA of the USA.
    Keywords: Urea dumping ; Ocean fertilization ; Carbon credits ; Sulu Sea ; Carbon sequestration ; Harmful algae ; Toxic dinoflagellates ; Cyanobacteria ; Hypoxia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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