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  • 2015-2019  (42)
  • 2016  (23)
  • 2015  (19)
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  • 2015-2019  (42)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise report SO239 : EcoResponse assessing the ecology, connectivity and resilience of polymetallic nodule field systems; Balboa (Panama) – Manzanillo (Mexico), 11.03. -30.04.2015 (2015)
    Kiel : GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Pazifischer Ozean ; Clipperton ; Erzlagerstätte ; Manganknollen ; Meeresboden ; Eisen-Mangan-Kruste ; Isla Clarión ; Meeresökosystem ; Meeresbergbau ; Meeresbiologie ; Tiefsee
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: GEOMAR Report N.S. 25
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_25_2015
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/30422/
    URL: http://oceanrep.geomar.de/30422/1/GEOMAR_Report%20NS%2025.pdf
    DOI: 10.3289/GEOMAR_REP_NS_25_2015
    Language: German , English
    Note: Volltext: PDF , Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Charakterisierung von Gashydratlagerstätten und Überwachung des Erdgasförderprozesses : Abschlussbericht SUGAR II : (A: Methoden zur Exploration und Überwachung von Gashydrat-Lagerstätten) : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 1.7.2011-30.6.2014 (2015)
    Kiel : GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Gashydrate ; Prospektion ; Abbau ; Transport
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 Seiten, 6,87 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb16/848039963.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:848039963
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:848039963
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03G0819A. - Verbund-Nummer 01091889 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategien und Techniken zur Förderung von Erdgas aus Methanhydratlagerstätten durch CO2-Injektion : Abschlussbericht SUGAR II : (B: Submarine Gahydrat-Lagerstätten: Erdgasproduktion und CO2-Speicherung) : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 1.8.2011 - 31.7.2014 (2015)
    Kiel : GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten, 1,11 MB) , Illustrationen
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb16/84619936X.pdf
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:84619936X
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:84619936X
    Language: German
    Note: Engl. Berichtsbl. u.d.T.: [SUGAR II B; work packages B1 & B2; subproject GEOMAR: Strategies and technologies for the production of natural gas from methane hydrate reservoirs by CO2-injection] , Förderkennzeichen BMWi 03SX320A. - Verbund-Nr. 01091589 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 4
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    Linked sediment and water-column methanotrophy at a man-made gas blowout in the North Sea: Implications for methane budgeting in seasonally stratified shallow seas (2016)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 61 (S1). S367-S386.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Large quantities of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) are stored in the seafloor. The flux of CH4 from the sediments into the water column and finally to the atmosphere is mitigated by a series of microbial methanotrophic filter systems of unknown efficiency at highly active CH4-release sites in shallow marine settings. Here, we studied CH4-oxidation and the methanotrophic community at a high-CH4-flux site in the northern North Sea (well 22/4b), where CH4 is continuously released since a blowout in 1990. Vigorous bubble emanation from the seafloor and strongly elevated CH4 concentrations in the water column (up to 42 µM) indicated that a substantial fraction of CH4 bypassed the highly active (up to ∼2920 nmol cm−3 d−1) zone of anaerobic CH4-oxidation in sediments. In the water column, we measured rates of aerobic CH4-oxidation (up to 498 nM d−1) that were among the highest ever measured in a marine environment and, under stratified conditions, have the potential to remove a significant part of the uprising CH4 prior to evasion to the atmosphere. An unusual dominance of the water-column methanotrophs by Type II methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) is partially supported by recruitment of sedimentary MOB, which are entrained together with sediment particles in the CH4 bubble plume. Our study thus provides evidence that bubble emission can be an important vector for the transport of sediment-borne microbial inocula, aiding in the rapid colonization of the water column by methanotrophic communities and promoting their persistence close to highly active CH4 point sources.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10388
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  • 5
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    Response of anaerobic methanotrophs and benthic foraminifera on 20 years of methane emission from a gas blowout in the North Sea (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine and Petroleum Geology, 68 . pp. 731-742.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-11
    Description: Highlights • High abundance of active anaerobic methanotrophs in sediments of the blowout crater suggests adaptation to methane seepage within at most two decades. • Fast exchange processes in permeable surface sediments prevent sulfate depletion and probably methane-derived carbonate precipitation. • Methane seepage impacts isotopic and assemblage composition of benthic foraminifera. Abstract Methane emissions from marine sediments are partly controlled by microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). AOM provides a long-term sink for carbon through precipitation of methane-derived authigenic carbonates (MDAC). Estimates on the adaptation time of this benthic methane filter as well as on the establishment of related processes and communities after an onset of methane seepage are rare. In the North Sea, considerable amounts of methane have been released since 20 years from a man-made gas blowout offering an ideal natural laboratory to study the effects of methane seepage on initially “pristine” sediment. Sediment cores were taken from the blowout crater and a reference site (50 m distance) in 2011 and 2012, respectively, to investigate porewater chemistry, the AOM community and activity, the presence of authigenic carbonates, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Potential AOM activity (up to 3060 nmol cm−3 sediment d−1 or 375 mmol m−2 d−1) was detected only in the blowout crater up to the maximum sampling depth of 18 cm. CARD-FISH analyzes suggest that monospecific ANME-2 aggregates were the only type of AOM organisms present, showing densities (up to 2.2*107 aggregates cm−3) similar to established methane seeps. No evidence for recent MDAC formation was found using stable isotope analyzes (δ13C and δ18O). In contrast, the carbon isotopic signature of methane was recorded by the epibenthic foraminifer Cibicides lobatulus (δ13C −0.66‰). Surprisingly, the foraminiferal assemblage in the blowout crater was dominated by Cibicides and other species commonly found in the Norwegian Channel and fjords, indicating that these organisms have responded sensitively to the specific environmental conditions at the blowout. The high activity and abundance of AOM organisms only at the blowout site suggests adaptation to a strong increase in methane flux in the order of at most two decades. High gas discharge dynamics in permeable surface sediments facilitate fast sulfate replenishing and stimulation of AOM. The accompanied prevention of total alkalinity build-up in the porewater thereby appears to inhibit the formation of substantial methane-derived authigenic carbonate at least within the given time window.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.07.012
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Gas-controlled seafloor doming (2015)
    GSA (Geological Society of America)
    In:  Geology, 43 (7). pp. 571-574.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Description: The upward migration of gas through marine sediments typically manifests itself as gas chimneys or pipes in seismic images and can lead to the formation of cold seeps. Gas seepage is often linked to morphological features like seabed domes, pockmarks, and carbonate build-ups. In this context, sediment doming is discussed to be a precursor of pockmark formation. Here, we present parametric echosounder, sidescan sonar, and two-dimensional seismic data from Opouawe Bank, offshore New Zealand, providing field evidence for sediment doming. Geomechanical quantification of the stresses required for doming show that the calculated gas column heights are geologically feasible and consistent with the observed geophysical data. The progression from channeled gas flow to gas trapping results in overpressure build-up in the shallow sediment. Our results suggest that by breaching of domed seafloor sediments a new seep site can develop, but contrary to ongoing discussion this does not necessarily lead to the formation of pockmarks.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/G36596.1
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  • 7
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    Distribution and Origin of Multiple Bottom Simulating Reflectors in the Danube Deep-Sea Fan, Black Sea (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting 2015, 14.-18.12.2015, San Francisco, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-11
    Description: The sedimentary succession of the anoxic, deep Black Sea Basin is an ideal location for organic matter preservation and microbial methane generation. In the depth range of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) methane gas forms methane hydrates and presumably large accumulations of gas hydrate exist in porous sediments, such as those encountered on the Danube deep-sea fan. High-resolution P-Cable 3D seismic data reveals the character and distribution of up to four stacked bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) within the channel-levee systems of the Danube deep-sea fan. These anomalous BSRs were first described by Popescu et al. (2006). The geological processes that lead to multiple BSRs are still poorly understood. The theoretical base of the GHSZ calculated from regional temperature gradients and salinity data is in agreement with the shallowest BSR in the area. We have tested two hypotheses that may explain the formation of the lower BSRs. The first hypothesis is that the lower BSRs are formed by overpressure compartments. Large amounts of free gas below the BSRs are trapped in the pore space increasing the pressure above hydrostatic condition up to a level where gas hydrates are stable again. The second hypothesis is that the lower BSRs are linked to the growth of the Danube fan. Sediment deposits from the outer levee of the youngest channel cover the area hosting multiple BSRs. The youngest channel developed during the last sea level lowstand that is correlated with the Neo-Euxinian that started 23,000 yrs. BP. We propose that the rapid sediment loading during sea level lowstands is a key factor for the preservation of paleo-BSRs in the study area.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Basin-scale gas hydrate-free gas re-cycling process derived from 3D numerical modeling at the Green Canyon province, Gulf of Mexico (2016)
    In:  [Poster] In: Gordon Research Conference on Natural Gas Hydrate Systems, 28.02.-04.03.2016, Galvestone, TX, US .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: Gas migration pathways in the Gulf of Mexico are strongly influenced by the extensive formation and time evolution of salt canopies, welds and sheets. This multi-level salt system (known as the Louann Salt formation) deposited mostly within Callovian age (upper Middle Jurassic) and mobilized during late Miocene up to Pliocene-Pleistocene times controls the extension and direction of petroleum components migration over the entire history of the basin which, in return, has a major impact on potential gas transportation into the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). In the context of gas hydrate formation, presence of extensive salt deposits tends to bend gas migration pathways from vertical (typical for the Gulf of Mexico region) towards rather horizontal and dispersed. However, amalgamation of two or more salt structures often results in re-focusing of the flow towards the local topographic subsalt heights. Together with the formation of local sediment discontinuity structures such as faults developing at the rims and tops of rootless salt deposits related to further stages of allochthonous salt mobilization, new high-permeability migration pathways develop and act as direct connection for the thermogenic gas to the GHSZ. Our study presents the 3D modeling solution quantifying and exploring the gas hydrate accumulation potential in the marine environment experiencing salt tectonics such as the Green Canyon, Gulf of Mexico. This modeling study evaluates the potential of bio- and thermogenic gas hydrate formation within Pliocene-Pleistocene reservoir layers based on full basin re-construction which accounts for depositional and transient thermal history of the basin, source rock maturation, petroleum generation, expulsion and migration, salt tectonics and associated faults development. Based on a numerical study calibrated with the existing field data, we present a new distribution pattern of gas hydrates attributed to both microbial and thermogenic origin. We present here an explanation for a formation mechanism of large gas hydrate amounts (〉 70 vol. %) wide-spread at the base of the stability zone as a result of the gas hydrate-free gas recycling process enhanced by very high Neogene sedimentation rates in the region. We suggest that the rapid development of secondary intra-salt mini-basins situated on top of the allochthonous salt deposits and following sediment subsidence caused a consequent dislocation of the GHSZ lower boundary and led to efficient gas hydrate dissociation process followed by a free gas re-charge into the GHSZ.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Microbial colonization and degradation of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic bags in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 103 (1-2). pp. 168-178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Highlights • Polypropylene and biodegradable plastic bags were incubated in marine sediments. • Bacterial colonization was highest on biodegradable plastic bags. • None of the two bag types showed signs of degradation after 98 days. • Marine sediments probably represent a long-term sink for both types of litter. Abstract To date, the longevity of plastic litter at the sea floor is poorly constrained. The present study compares colonization and biodegradation of plastic bags by aerobic and anaerobic benthic microbes in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments. Samples of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic carrier bags were incubated in natural oxic and anoxic sediments from Eckernförde Bay (Western Baltic Sea) for 98 days. Analyses included (1) microbial colonization rates on the bags, (2) examination of the surface structure, wettability, and chemistry, and (3) mass loss of the samples during incubation. On average, biodegradable plastic bags were colonized five times higher by aerobic and eight times higher by anaerobic microbes than polyethylene bags. Both types of bags showed no sign of biodegradation during this study. Therefore, marine sediment in temperate coastal zones may represent a long-term sink for plastic litter and also supposedly compostable material.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.024
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Effects of climate change on methane emissions from seafloor sediments in the Arctic Ocean: A review (2016)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 61 (S1). pp. 301-309.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Large quantities of methane are stored in hydrates and permafrost within shallow marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. These reservoirs are highly sensitive to climate warming, but the fate of methane released from sediments is uncertain. Here, we review the principal physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate methane fluxes across the seabed, the fate of this methane in the water column, and potential for its release to the atmosphere. We find that, at present, fluxes of dissolved methane are significantly moderated by anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane. If methane fluxes increase then a greater proportion of methane will be transported by advection or in the gas phase, which reduces the efficiency of the methanotrophic sink. Higher freshwater discharge to Arctic shelf seas may increase stratification and inhibit transfer of methane gas to surface waters, although there is some evidence that increased stratification may lead to warming of sub-pycnocline waters, increasing the potential for hydrate dissociation. Loss of sea-ice is likely to increase wind speeds and seaair exchange of methane will consequently increase. Studies of the distribution and cycling of methane beneath and within sea ice are limited, but it seems likely that the sea-air methane flux is higher during melting in seasonally ice-covered regions. Our review reveals that increased observations around especially the anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of methane, bubble transport, and the effects of ice cover, are required to fully understand the linkages and feedback pathways between climate warming and release of methane from marine sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10307
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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