Description: A significant influence of changes in the westerly winds over the Southern Ocean was proposed as a mechanism to explain a large portion of the glacial atmospheric pCO2 drawdown (Toggweiler et al., 2006). However, additional modelling studies with Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity do not confirm the size and sometimes even the sign of the impact of southern hemispheric winds on the glacial pCO2 as suggested by Toggweiler (Men- viel et al., 2008; Tschumi et al., 2008, d’Orgeville et al., 2010). We here add to this discussion and explore the potential contribution of changes in the latitudinal position of the winds on Southern Ocean physics and the carbon cycle by using a state-of-the-art ocean general circulation model (MITgcm) in a spatial resolution increasing in the Southern Ocean (2◦ longitude; northern hemisphere: 2◦ latitude; southern hemisphere: 2◦cos(α)). We discuss how the change in carbon cycling is related to the upwelling strength and pattern in the Southern Ocean and how they depend on the changing wind fields and/or the sea ice coverage. While the previous studies explored the impact of the westlies starting from present day or pre-industrial back- ground conditions, we here perform simulations from LGM background climate. Ocean surface conditions are for reasons of consistency taken from output of the COSMOS Earth System model for a pre-industrial control and two LGM runs (Zhang et al., in preparation). Additionally, a northwards shift (by 10◦) of the westerly wind belt as proposed by Toggweiler is investigated.

Description: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21k BC) was characterized by a cold and well-stratified ocean as documented by many proxy data from marine sediment cores, representing a benchmark test-bed for climate models. Even though much effort was made to reproduce the glacial ocean structure and associated large-scale ocean circulation, it remains difficult to reconcile the spread between models and mismatches to data. Here we employ a fully comprehensive climate model to explore the role of the ocean stratification on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Using glacial boundary conditions we find two states for the glacial ocean structure, depending on differences in the initial salinity stratification. Only one of the two ocean states is in agreement with the available proxy record. However, this state cannot be generated with LGM boundary conditions, implying a quasi steady nature of the glacial ocean water mass configuration. Furthermore, we show that the salinity stratification represents a key control on the spatial configuration and the strength of the AMOC and therefore bears the potential to reconcile the apparent differences among models and data. In combination these findings represent a new dynamical framework for AMOC changes on glacial-interglacial timescales that challenges the conventional evaluation of glacial and deglacial AMOC changes based on an ocean state derived from LGM boundary conditions.

Description: A significant influence of changes in the westerly winds over the Southern Ocean was proposed as a mechanism to explain a large portion of the glacial atmospheric pCO2 draw down (Toggweiler et al., 2006).However, additional modelling studies with Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity do not confirm the size and sometimes even the sign of the impact of southern hemispheric winds on the glacial pCO2 as suggested by Toggweiler (Menviel et al., 2008; Tschumi et al., 2008, dOrgeville et al., 2010). We here add to this discussion and explore the potential contribution of changes in the latitudinal position of the winds on Southern Ocean physics and the carbon cycle by using a state-of-the-art ocean general circulation model (MITgcm) in a spatial resolution increasing in the Southern Ocean. We discuss how the change in carbon cycling is related to the upwelling strength and pattern in the Southern Ocean and how they depend on the changing wind fields and/or the sea ice coverage. While the previous studies explored the impact of the westerlies starting from present day or pre- industrial background conditions, we here perform simulations from Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, about 20,000 year before present) background climate. Ocean surface conditions are taken from output of the COSMOS Earth System model for the LGM run (Zhang et al., submitted). Both a northwards and southwards shift of the westerly wind belt by 10° is investigated. Our results show, that the background climate has a significant influence on the simulations. A northwards shift of the Southern Ocean wind belt leads in both cases (LGM and present day) to a reduction of the Agulhas leakage and thus to a fresher Atlantic sea surface and consequently to reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. A southwards shift in the wind belt leads during LGM background climate to an intensification of the ACC. Patterns how temperature and biogeochemistry (DIC) changes over depth are nearly opposite to those of d’Orgeville et al. (2010). Atmospheric CO2 rises by 5 ppmv for both cases, the northwards or southwards wind shift. In conclusion, we propose that the investigation of changes in the westerly wind belt in the Southern Ocean for present day is not comparable with LGM and simulation studies without LGM background climate are of limited use. References dOrgeville, M.; Sijp, W. P.; England, M. H. Meissner, K. J. (2010) On the control of glacial- interglacial atmospheric CO2 variations by the Southern Hemisphere westerlies Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L21703; doi: 10.1029/2010GL045261. Menviel, L., A. Timmermann, A. Mouchet, and O. Timm (2008), Climate and marine carbon cycle response to changes in the strength of the southern hemispheric westerlies, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4201; doi:10.1029/2008PA001604. Toggweiler, J. R, J. Russell, and S. R. Carson (2006), Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO2, and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, 21, PA2005; doi: 10.1029/2005PA001154. Tschumi, T., F. Joos, and P. Parekh (2008), How important are Southern Hemisphere wind changes for low glacial carbon dioxide? A model study, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4208, doi: 10.1029/2008PA001592. Zhang, X., G. Lohmann, G. Knorr, X. Xu, Two Ocean States at the Last Glacial Maximum, Climate of the Past, submitted.

Description: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of hospital-acquired and community-acquired pneumonia. Host defense to S.aureus infection is largely mediated by the innate immune system. gammadelta T cells play an important role in innate immunity to many infectious diseases. However, less is known about the role of these cells during S.aureus-induced pneumonia. In this study, we examined the response and the role of gammadelta T cells to pulmonary S.aureusinfection. Results: Mice infected with S. aureus intranasally showed rapid gammadelta T cells accumulation in the lung. Deficiency of gammadelta T cells led to attenuated bacterial clearance and less tissue damage in lung compared with WT mice. Moreover, TCR-delta/mice exhibited impaired neutrophilrecruitment and reduced cytokine production at the site of infection. The gammadelta T cells in response to pulmonary S. aureus infection mainly secreted IL-17 and gammadelta T cells deficiency reduced IL-17 production, which might regulate the production of neutrophil-inducingcytokine/chemokine in the S. aureus-infected lungs Conclusions: Accumulation of gammadelta T cells in the lungs to S. aureus infection is beneficial for bacteria clearance and also contributes to the tissue damage. These cells were the primary source of IL-17, which might influence the recruitment of neutrophils at the early stage of infection.

Description: p73, a structural and functional homolog of p53, plays an important role in tumor carcinogenesis. Previous studies have suggested that the association between the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer, but the results have not been entirely consistent. We examined whether the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism was related to the risk of developing lung cancer in a Chinese population. The p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism was genotyped in 293 lung cancer patients and 380 cancer-free controls of Han nationality in North China using PCR-RFLP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We observed that compared with the GC/GC genotype, the genotypes containing AT allele (GC/AT + AT/AT genotypes) were associated with significantly increased susceptibility to lung cancer (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08–2.02; P  = 0.014). In addition, compared with the GC/GC genotype, the GC/AT genotype was also significantly associated with increased susceptibility to lung cancer (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.06–2.02; P  = 0.046). Our findings suggest that the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism contributes to the risk of developing lung cancer in Chinese population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Description: Author(s): Can-Li Song, Bo Sun, Yi-Lin Wang, Ye-Ping Jiang, Lili Wang, Ke He, Xi Chen, Ping Zhang, Xu-Cun Ma, and Qi-Kun Xue We investigate cesium (Cs) adsorption on graphene formed on a 6 H -SiC(0001) substrate by a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study. Individual Cs atoms adsorb preferentially at the rim region of the well-defined 6×6 substrate superstructure and on multilayer graphen... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 156803] Published Wed Apr 11, 2012

Description: Author(s): Song Yang, ShengLi Zhang, XuBo Zou, SiWen Bi, and XuLing Lin Quantum entanglement distillation is a probabilistic process which protects entanglement from environment-induced decoherence. In this paper, we investigate the distillation of a continuousvariable optic entangled state with noiseless linear amplification (NLA). NLA schemes perform better than the c... [Phys. Rev. A 86, 062321] Published Thu Dec 20, 2012

Description: Author(s): Zhe Zhang, Xu Shan, Enliang Wang, and Xiangjun Chen The autoionizing resonances (2 s 2 ) 1   S , (2 p 2 ) 1   D , and (2 s 2 p ) 1   P of helium have been investigated employing ejected-electron spectroscopy by fast-electron impact at incident energies of 250–2000 eV and ejected angles of 26°–116°. Shore parameters of the line shapes for these three resonances have been ... [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062702] Published Wed Jun 13, 2012

Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of carcinoembryonic antigenrelated cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and correlate it with OPN expression andfunction in squamous carcinoma of tongue.Paraffin were sections of 80 samples with squamous carcinoma of tongue and 40 sampleswith normal tissue of tongue for benign lesion having undergone surgery.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to study the distribution of CEACAM5 and OPN, anddouble-labeling immunohistochemistry was used to observe the relationship betweenCEACAM5 and OPN expression.CEACAM5 and OPN are found in normal tissue of tongue, but with different expressionpattern. CEACAM5 expression mainly with membranous staining is restricted on thesuperficial epithelium. However, OPN expression with mainly cytoplasmic staining isrestricted on the deep epithelium. No colocalization of CEACAM5 and OPN have beenobserved in normal tissue of tongue. In squamous carcinoma of tongue, CEACAM5expression with cytoplasmic staining is different from normal tongue tissue withmembranous staining, and the transformation of CEACAM5 distribution from membrane tocytoplasm is an important incident for the invasion and differentiation of tumor. CEACAM5and OPN are colocalized in cytoplasm, and a significant correlation was observed betweenthe positive colocalization and the negative colocalization in the depth of invasion and thedifferentiation of the tumor.