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  • Articles  (603)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Two procedures for preparing the compounds M(NpO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) using boric acid were suggested. In the first procedure, samples of freshly prepared salts M 3 (NpO 5 ) 2 · n H 2 O (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) are treated with excess 0.5 M H 3 BO 3 with vigorous stirring. In the process, the initially light green salts rapidly transform into black products of the general composition M(NpO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O. In the second procedure, a measured volume of a Np(VII) solution with a known LiOH concentration was added to excess 0.5 M H3BO3 solution containing a calculated amount of Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba nitrate. The reaction yields black precipitates of the same compounds as in the previous case. After washing with water and drying in an oxygen stream, the final products contain a small impurity of Np(VI). The IR spectra suggest that the compounds obtained are structurally related to the previously studied salts MNpO 4 (M = K–Cs), i.e., in their lattices there are neptunium–oxygen layers built of NpO 2 3+ cations and bridging O atoms. New data on the properties of the compounds M 3 (NpO 5 ) 2 · n H 2 O with M = Ca, Sr, and Ba were also obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Oxiracetam was labeled with 99 m Tc using sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ) as a reducing agent. The influence exerted on the labeling yield by the amounts of the reducing agent and substrate, pH, temperature, and reaction time was studied to optimize the labeling process. Biodistribution studies show that the 99 m Tcoxiracetam complex is suitable as a highly selective tracer for brain imaging.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The radioactivity concentration of 210 Po, 226 Ra, and U in Cauvery river basin was analyzed using radiochemical analysis, emanometry, and LED fluorimetry, respectively. Due to transfer with water in cracks and pores, leaching, and heavy usage of phosphate fertilizers, 210 Po, 226 Ra, and U radionuclides get into the environmental samples studied. The 210 Po concentration ranges from 0.7 ± 0.11 to 5.0 ± 0.7 and from 0.83 ± 0.12 to 5.2 ± 0.8 mBq L –1 ; the 226 Ra concentration, from 11.7 ± 1.8 to 62 ± 9 and from 10.5 ± 1.6 to 68 ± 10 mBq L –1 ; and the U concentration, from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 4.4 ± 0.7 and from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 7.4 ± 1.1 ppb in river and borewell water samples, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: A convenient synthetic pathway for 14 C labeling of fentanyl [ N -(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)- propionanilide], a widely used narcotic analgesic agent, with good radiochemical yield was developed.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The radiocesium interception potential (RIP) characterizing the ability of a sorbent to retain 137 Cs + cations in the presence of competing K + or NH 4 + cations [RIP(K) or RIP(N)] under the conditions controlled by selective sorption was determined for various materials. RIP(K) (mg-equiv kg –1 ) is 44–720 and 260–1200, and RIP(N), 21–189 and 96–250 for sapropels of the organic and silica types, respectively. For sapropels of the organic type, the selectivity coefficient K s (N/K) for the 137 Cs-selective sorption sites varies from 2.1 to 3.8, and for silica sapropels (Lake Dobeevskoe) it reaches 4.5–4.8, suggesting the presence of illite-type particles, which significantly influence the 137 Cs uptake by these types of sapropels. The highest RIP(K) values for the sapropels studied are reached at the organic to mineral matter ratios in the interval 0.43–0.61.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Trivalent transplutonium (TPE) and rare earth (REE) elements are extracted to more than 80% with 30% TBP in Isopar M from solutions containing 0.06–0.5 M HNO 3 and a salting-out agent, NH 4 NO 3 , in a concentration of ≥6 M. The elements are stripped from the organic phase with 0.1 M HNO 3 . The Am(III)/Eu separation factors vary from 1.8 to 2, which can be used for their extraction separation. The Cm/Am(III) separation factors in 0.06–3 M HNO 3 are in the range from 1.1 to 1.2; therefore, to separate these elements, higher oxidation states of Am, Am(VI) and Am(V), should be used. The effect of various factors on the stability of Am(VI) was examined, and the conditions of the existence of Am(VI) and Am(V) in ≤0.1 M HNO3 solutions containing ~8 M NH 4 NO 3 were determined. Curium is extracted with 30% TBP in Isopar M virtually completely, whereas americium only partially (≤30%) passes into the organic phase in the form of Am(III). In the process, high degree of separation of Cm from Am(V) remaining in the aqueous phase is reached (≥99.9%).
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: A procedure for preparing 1-(2-hydroxy-3-[ 18 F]fluoropropyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([ 18 F]fluoromisonidazole, [ 18 F]FMISO) on a commercially available GE TracerLAB Fx F-N synthesis module was developed. The product obtained meets all the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (8th ed.) for clinical use. Its decay-corrected radiochemical yield is 59 ± 4% ( n = 5).
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Ni and Ni/Pd nanoparticles stable in the liquid phase and in the adsorbed state were prepared by radiation-chemical reduction of metal ions in aqueous-organic inverse micellar solutions. The optical absorption and luminescence spectra of nanoparticle solutions were studied immediately after preparation in the presence of oxygen and without it. Changes in these spectra, resulting from evolution of the nanoparticles in the course of storage and from pH variation, were examined.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The effect exerted by surface modification of natural aluminosilicates, glauconite and clinoptilolite, with ferrocyanides on the parameters of selective 137 Cs sorption was studied. The modification leads to an increase in the specific sorption and in the radiocesium interception potential in the presence of potassium, RIP(K). RIP(K) of the modified sorbents NPF-Gl and NPF-Cl was 6.1 × 10 5 and 5.0 × 10 6 mmol kg –1 , and the specific sorption capacity, 138 ± 14 and 136 ± 12 mg g –1 , respectively. The regular trends in variation of the 137 Cs distribution coefficients in sorption onto the natural and modified sorbents at K + and Са 2+ concentrations ranging from 10 –4 to 2.0 M were found. The modified sorbents exhibit high specificity to 137 Cs in a wide range of Ca and K concentrations in the solutions.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside essential for the synthesis of RNA and biomembranes, was radiolabeled with 99 m Tc to obtain a potential tumor imaging agent. The maximal radiochemical yield of about 96.5%, as determined by paper chromatography and instant thin-layer chromatography, was reached under the following optimum conditions: 1 mg of uridine, 20 μg of SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O as reducing agent, 20 mg of mannitol as a stabilizer, and pH 8. 99 m Tc-uridine is stable in vitro at room temperature for up to 6 h post labeling. The biodistrbution study in tumor-bearing mice shows high target-to-nontarget ratio. These results match with the high docking score of the complex on uridine phosphorylase enzyme. 99 m Tc-uridine shows promise as a tumor imaging agent.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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