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Microbial lipid records of highly alkaline deposits and enhanced aridity associated with significant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Late Miocene (2012)

Xie, Shucheng ; Pancost, Richard D. ; Chen, Lin ; Evershed, Richard P. ; Yang, Huan ; Zhang, Kexin ; Huang, Junhua ; Xu, Yadong

Geological Society of America (GSA)

In: Geology 40: 291-294.

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Publikationsdatum: 2012-04-01

Beschreibung: Saline alkaline sediments and soils are widespread in arid and semiarid regions, but their occurrence in ancient dry periods remains unknown due to the lack of a suitable proxy. On the basis of investigations of modern Chinese soils with a wide pH range of 3.5–9.1, we suggest that the microbial lipid ratio Ri/b, i.e., the abundance ratio of archaeal isoprenoid GDGTs (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers) to bacterial branched GDGTs, indicates the presence of drought-induced alkaline deposits in terrestrial settings. The Ri/b is invariant in modern soils with pH 〈 7.5 and when the local mean annual precipitation 〉600 mm, but it increases sharply at higher pH values and lower mean annual precipitation (

Print ISSN: 0091-7613

Digitale ISSN: 1943-2682

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie

Publiziert von Geological Society of America (GSA)

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Discovery of a major negative d13C spike in the Carnian (Late Triassic) linked to the eruption of Wrangellia flood basalts (2012)

Dal Corso, Jacopo ; Mietto, Paolo ; Newton, Robert J. ; Pancost, Richard D. ; Preto, Nereo ; Roghi, Guido ; Wignall, Paul B.

Geological Society of America (GSA)

In: Geology 40: 79-82.

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Publikationsdatum: 2012-01-01

Beschreibung: Major climate changes and mass extinctions are associated with carbon isotope anomalies in the atmosphere-ocean system and have been shown to coincide with the onset of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and, by association, their emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. However, climatic and biological consequences of some known LIP eruptions have not yet been explored. During the Carnian (Late Triassic) large volumes of flood basalts were erupted to form the so-called Wrangellia LIP (western North America). This huge volcanic province is similar in age to a major climatic and biotic change, the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE), but no evidence of a causal relationship exists other than timing. Here we report a sharp negative d13C excursion at the onset of the CPE recorded in organic matter. An abrupt carbon isotope excursion of ~-4‰ occurs in terrestrial and marine fossil molecules, whereas total organic carbon records an ~-2‰ shift. We propose that this carbon isotope negative shift was caused by an injection of light carbon into the atmosphere-ocean system linked to the eruption of Wrangellia flood basalts. This carbon-cycle perturbation occurs slightly before two major evolutionary innovations: the origin of dinosaurs and calcareous nannoplankton.

Print ISSN: 0091-7613

Digitale ISSN: 1943-2682

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie

Publiziert von Geological Society of America (GSA)

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An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures (2013)

Schouten, Stefan ; Hopmans, Ellen C. ; Rosell-Melé, Antoni ; [weitere]

Wiley

In: EPIC3Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Wiley, 14(12), pp. 5263-5285, ISSN: 1525-2027

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-25

Beschreibung: wo commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility ±3–4°C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility ±0.41 on a scale of 0–1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0°C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the “true” (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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The discovery of new deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities in the Southern Ocean and implications for biogeography (2012)

Rogers, Alex D. ; Tyler, Paul A. ; Connelly, Douglas P. ; [weitere]

Public Library of Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 10 (2012): e1001234, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001234.

Beschreibung: Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes. These discoveries have suggested the existence of separate biogeographic provinces in the Atlantic and the North West Pacific, the existence of a province including the South West Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a separation of the North East Pacific, North East Pacific Rise, and South East Pacific Rise. The Southern Ocean is known to be a region of high deep-sea species diversity and centre of origin for the global deep-sea fauna. It has also been proposed as a gateway connecting hydrothermal vents in different oceans but is little explored because of extreme conditions. Since 2009 we have explored two segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean using a remotely operated vehicle. In each segment we located deep-sea hydrothermal vents hosting high-temperature black smokers up to 382.8°C and diffuse venting. The chemosynthetic ecosystems hosted by these vents are dominated by a new yeti crab (Kiwa n. sp.), stalked barnacles, limpets, peltospiroid gastropods, anemones, and a predatory sea star. Taxa abundant in vent ecosystems in other oceans, including polychaete worms (Siboglinidae), bathymodiolid mussels, and alvinocaridid shrimps, are absent from the ESR vents. These groups, except the Siboglinidae, possess planktotrophic larvae, rare in Antarctic marine invertebrates, suggesting that the environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean may act as a dispersal filter for vent taxa. Evidence from the distinctive fauna, the unique community structure, and multivariate analyses suggest that the Antarctic vent ecosystems represent a new vent biogeographic province. However, multivariate analyses of species present at the ESR and at other deep-sea hydrothermal vents globally indicate that vent biogeography is more complex than previously recognised.

Beschreibung: The ChEsSo research programme was funded by a NERC Consortium Grant (NE/DO1249X/1) and supported by the Census of Marine Life and the Sloan Foundation, and the Total Foundation for Biodiversity (Abyss 2100)(SVTH) all of which are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge NSF grant ANT-0739675 (CG and TS), NERC PhD studentships NE/D01429X/1(LH, LM, CNR), NE/H524922/1(JH) and NE/F010664/1 (WDKR), a Cusanuswerk doctoral fellowship, and a Lesley & Charles Hilton-Brown Scholarship, University of St. Andrews (PHBS).

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Materialart: Article

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An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures (2014)

Schouten, Stefan ; Hopmans, Ellen C. ; Rosell-Mele, Antoni ; [weitere]

John Wiley & Sons

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14 (2013): 5263–5285, doi:10.1002/2013GC004904.

Beschreibung: Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility ±3–4°C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility ±0.41 on a scale of 0–1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0°C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the “true” (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.

Beschreibung: S.S. thanks the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support through a VICI grant and Jaap van der Meer for advice and support on the statistical analysis. A.P. thanks Susan Carter for laboratory assistance and NSF-OCE for funding. A.R.M. thanks Jordi Coello and N uria Moraleda for advice and support on the statistical analysis and Spanish Ministry for research and innovation (MICIIN) for funding. V.G. thanks Xavier Philippon and Carl Johnson for technical assistance. K.G. and M.W. thank the Australian Research Council and John de Laeter Centre for funding toward the LC-MS system, and ARC Fellowship awarded to K.G. C.L.Z. thanks the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and the Chinese ‘‘National Thousand Talents’’ program for supporting the LC-MS work performed at Tongji University.

Beschreibung: 2014-06-20

Schlagwort(e): TEX86 ; BIT ; GDGT ; Round robin

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Materialart: Article

Format: text/plain

Format: application/msword

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Sea surface temperature estimation for the Blue Clay Formation at Ras il-Pellegrin (2013)

Badger, Marcus P S ; Lear, Caroline H ; Pancost, Richard D ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-07

Schlagwort(e): AGE; Alkenone, unsaturation index UK'37; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios; Calculated from UK'37 (Müller et al, 1998); Comment; Globigerinoides trilobus, magnesium/calcium ratio; Malta; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Ras_il-Pellegrin; Sea surface temperature, annual mean; SECTION, height

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 108 data points

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Carbon cycle modeling for the Blue Clay Formation at Ras il-Pellegrin (2013)

Badger, Marcus P S ; Lear, Caroline H ; Pancost, Richard D ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-07

Schlagwort(e): -; AGE; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Malta; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Ras_il-Pellegrin; δ13C, carbonate

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 264 data points

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Boron isotopes, Ba/Ca ratios and pCO2 for the Blue Clay Formation at Ras il-Pellegrin (2013)

Badger, Marcus P S ; Lear, Caroline H ; Pancost, Richard D ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-07

Schlagwort(e): AGE; Boron/Calcium ratio; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Malta; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Ras_il-Pellegrin; δ11B

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points

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(Table S6) Published Pliocene-Pleistocene Mg/Ca-SST data for DSDP Hole 22-214, corrected for changes in Mg/Casw, Globigerinoides ruber (2014)

O'Brien, Charlotte L ; Foster, Gavin L ; Martínez-Botí, Miquel Àngel ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27

Schlagwort(e): 22-214; AGE; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Dekens et al. 2002); Corrected; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Globigerinoides ruber, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Glomar Challenger; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; interpolated; Leg22; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Sea surface temperature, annual mean

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 260 data points

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(Table S6) Published Pliocene-Pleistocene Mg/Ca-SST data for DSDP Hole 22-214, corrected for changes in Mg/Casw, Globigerinoides sacculifer (2014)

O'Brien, Charlotte L ; Foster, Gavin L ; Martínez-Botí, Miquel Àngel ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-27

Schlagwort(e): 22-214; AGE; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Dekens et al. 2002); Corrected; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Globigerinoides sacculifer, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Glomar Challenger; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; interpolated; Leg22; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Sea surface temperature, annual mean

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 148 data points

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