Note: Front Cover -- General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- General Preface -- Introduction: Explication in Philosophy of Science -- 1 AN IMPORTANT, THOUGH LARGELY IMPLICIT, METHOD IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE -- 2 EXPLICATION OF CONCEPTS AND INTUITIONS IN SCIENCE -- 3 SURVEY OF CHAPTERS -- 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Laws, Theories and Research Programmes -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 OBSERVATIONAL LAWS AND PROPER THEORIES -- 2 INTERMEZZO. THE STRUCTURALIST APPROACH TO THEORIES -- 3 RESEARCH PROGRAMS AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 2 Past and Contemporary Perspectives on Explanation -- 0. INTRODUCTION -- PART I: A (SELECTIVE) HISTORY OF EXPLANATION -- 1 ARISTOTLE: EXPLANATION AS DEMONSTRATION -- 2 DESCARTES: MECHANICAL EXPLANATION -- 3 LEIBNIZ: POWERS AND TELEOLOGY -- 4 NEWTON: DYNAMICAL EXPLANATION -- 5 HUME: AGAINST THE METAPHYSICS OF EXPLANATION -- 6 KANT: THE METAPHYSICAL GROUNDS OF EXPLANATION -- 7 MILL: EXPLANATION AS UNIFICATION -- PART II: UNDERSTANDING EXPLANATION -- 8 THE LOGICAL POSITIVIST LEGACY -- 9 NOMIC EXPECTABILITY -- 10 ENTER CAUSATION -- 11 CAUSAL HISTORIES -- 12 (A BRIEF NOTE ON) LAWS OF NATURE -- 13 UNIFICATION REVISITED -- 14 MECHANISTIC EXPLANATION REVISITED -- 15 EXPLANATION AS MANIPULATION -- 16 STATISTICAL EXPLANATION -- 17 STATISTICAL RELEVANCE -- 18 DEDUCTIVE-NOMOLOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC EXPLANATION -- 19 ON HISTORICAL AND TELEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION -- 20 A CONCLUDING THOUGHT -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 3 Evaluation of Theories -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 DIMENSIONS OF EVALUATION -- 3 VIRTUES OF THEORIES -- 4 CONFIRMATION -- 5 ACCEPTANCE -- 6 CONCLUDING REMARK -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 4 The Role of Experiments in the Natural Sciences: Examples from Physics and Biology. , 1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 2 THE ROLES OF EXPERIMENT -- 3 CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 5 The Role of Experiments in the Social Sciences: The case of Economics -- 1 FROM OBSERVATIONS TO EXPERIMENTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES -- 2 THE NOTION OF "EXPERIMENT" USED IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: FROM THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO THE ENLARGED VISION -- 3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: THE CASE OF ECONOMICS -- 4 ROLE OF PREDICTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS: THE INFLUENCE OF GAME THEORY -- 5 THE MEASURE OF PREDICTIVE SUCCESS: ACCURACY AND PRECISION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 6 Ontological, Epistemological, and Methodological Positions -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 ONTOLOGICAL POSITIONS -- 2 EPISTEMOLOGICAL POSITIONS -- 3 METHODOLOGICAL POSITIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 7 Reduction, Integration, and the Unity of Science: Natural, Behavioral, and Social Sciences and the Humanities -- 1 A HISTORICAL LOOK AT UNITY -- 2 FIELD GUIDE TO MODERN CONCEPTS OF REDUCTION AND UNITY -- 3 KITCHER'S REVISIONIST ACCOUNT OF UNIFICATION -- 4 CRITICS OF UNITY -- 5 INTEGRATION INSTEAD OF UNITY -- 6 REDUCTION VIA MECHANISMS -- 7 CASE STUDIES IN REDUCTION AND UNIFICATION ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES -- 8 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 8 Logical, Historical and Computational Approaches -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE LOGICAL APPROACH OF THE VIENNA CIRCLE AND THEIR FOLLOWERS FROM THE 1920S TO THE 1950S -- 3 THE CHALLENGE OF THE HISTORICAL APPROACH (C. 1960 TO THE MID 1970S) -- 4 THE 1970S: SCIENCE AS PROBLEM SOLVING -- 5 THE 1980S AND 1990S: LOGICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR SCIENTIFIC INFERENCE AND DISCOVERY -- 6 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 9 Demarcating Science from Nonscience -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 WHY DEMARCATION? -- 3 HOW DEMARCATION? -- 4 CHARACTERIZING FIELDS OF KNOWLEDGE. , 5 UNSCIENTIFIC FIELDS -- 6 PROTOSCIENCE AND HETERODOXY -- 7 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 10 History of the Philosophy of Science. From Wissenschaftslogik (Logic of Science) to Philosophy of Science: Europe and America, 1930-1960 -- PRELIMINARY REMARKS -- 1 THE EMERGENCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: "WISSENSCHAFTSLOGIK" (LOGIC OF SCIENCE) BEFORE 1938 -- 2 THE WIENER KREIS IN GREAT BRITAIN: EMIGRATION AND INTERACTION -- 3 VIENNA, PARIS AND THE "FRENCH CONNECTION": CONVENTIONALISM -- 4 THE WIENER KREIS IN AMERICA: LOGICAL EMPIRICISM AND (NEO-)PRAGMATISM -- 5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Index.