Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Section I: Role of Fluvial Geomorphology and Sedimentology in Arsenic Distribution -- Chapter 1: Hydrogeochemical Evolution in the Different Shallow Aquifers of Central Gangetic Plain and Kosi Alluvial Fan and Their Implications for the Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Study Area -- 1.3 Methodology -- 1.4 Groundwater Chemistry -- 1.5 Groundwater Arsenic Distribution and Fate -- 1.6 Conclusion and Synthesis -- References -- Chapter 2: Assessment of Subsurface Lithology by Resistivity Survey Coupled with Hydrochemical Study to Identify Arsenic Distribution Pattern in Central Gangetic Plain: A Case Study of Bhagalpur District, Bihar, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Area -- 2.2.1 Geology and Hydrogeology -- 2.3 Materials and Methods -- 2.3.1 Sampling Phase I: Groundwater and Core Sampling and Analysis -- 2.3.2 Sampling Phase II: Geophysical Survey -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Arsenic and Its Speciation -- 2.4.2 Relationship Between VES and Hydrochemical Signature of the Aquifer -- 2.4.3 Stable Isotopic Chemistry -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater in the Middle Gangetic Plain, India: Its Relations to Fluvial Geomorphology and Quaternary Stratigraphy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area -- 3.3 Geological Setting -- 3.4 Materials and Methods -- 3.5 Results and Discussion -- 3.5.1 Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Middle Gangetic Basin -- 3.5.2 Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Ghaghara Basin -- 3.5.3 Groundwater Arsenic Contamination from Different Parts of Middle Gangetic Basin -- 3.5.4 Source and Release of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Section II: Groundwater Arsenic Characterisations and Risk Assessments. , Chapter 4: Preliminary Assessment of Arsenic Distribution in Brahmaputra River Basin of India Based on Examination of 56,180 Public Groundwater Wells -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Problem, Perspective and Challenges of Arsenic Contamination in the Groundwater of Brahmaputra Flood Plains and Barak Valley Regions of Assam, India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area Characterisation -- 5.2.1 Geology -- 5.3 Distribution of As in the State of Assam -- 5.3.1 Distribution in the Brahmaputra Flood Plain -- 5.3.2 Arsenic Distribution in the Barak Valley Plain -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Barak Valley, Assam, India: Topography-Based Analysis and Risk Assessment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Material and Methods -- 6.2.1 The Study Area -- 6.2.2 Collection and Analysis of Water Samples -- 6.3 Statistical Analysis -- 6.3.1 Risk Assessment -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 District-Wise Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 6.4.2 Topography-Based Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 6.4.3 Risk Assessment -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrogeochemistry and Arsenic Distribution in the Gorakhpur District in the Middle Gangetic Plain, India -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.3.1 Groundwater Sampling -- 7.3.2 Analytical Techniques -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Major Ion Geochemistry -- 7.4.2 Arsenic Concentration -- 7.4.3 Relationship Between Hydrogeochemical Variable -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Section III: Arsenic Hydrogeochemistry and Processes -- Chapter 8: Arsenic Distribution and Mobilization: A Case Study of Three Districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar (India) -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.1.1 Geological Setting and Location of Study Area -- 8.2 Material and Methods -- 8.2.1 Sampling and Field Parameter Analysis -- 8.2.2 Laboratory Analysis of Water Samples -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Hydrochemistry -- 8.3.2 Hydrochemical Facies -- 8.3.3 Aquifer Vulnerability -- 8.3.4 Geochemical Modelling for Mineral Phases Identification Using PHREEQC -- 8.3.5 Log pCO2 vs State of Saturation -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Understanding Hydrogeochemical Processes Governing Arsenic Contamination and Seasonal Variation in the Groundwater of Buxar District, Bihar, India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodology -- 9.2.1 Study Area Description -- 9.2.1.1 Hydrogeological Settings -- 9.2.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 General Expressions of Hydro-geochemical Data -- 9.3.2 Graphical Representation of Hydro-geochemical Data -- 9.3.3 Identification of Hydro-geochemical Process -- 9.3.4 Distribution of Arsenic -- 9.3.5 Statistical Analysis -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Chemical Characteristics of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater in Parts of Middle-Gangetic Plain (MGP) in Bihar, India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Site Description -- 10.2.2 Hydrogeological Settings -- 10.2.3 Sampling, Field Measurements and Laboratory Analyses -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 Groundwater Chemistry -- 10.3.1.1 Weathering Processes and Evolution of Groundwater Chemistry -- 10.3.2 Source and Distribution of Redox-Sensitive Parameters -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: An Insight into the Spatio-vertical Heterogeneity of Dissolved Arsenic in Part of the Bengal Delta Plain Aquifer in West Bengal (India) -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques. , 11.2.3 Statistical and Thermodynamic Calculations -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Groundwater Chemistry -- 11.3.2 Depth and Spatial Distribution of Arsenic -- 11.3.3 Heterogeneity of Arsenic in Relation to Land Use Characteristics -- 11.3.4 Factor Analysis -- 11.3.5 Mineral Saturation Index -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Surface Generated Organic Matter: An Important Driver for Arsenic Mobilization in Bengal Delta Plain -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Concept of Investigation -- 12.3 Material and Methods -- 12.3.1 Field Site -- 12.3.2 Collection and Analysis of Water Samples -- 12.3.3 Collection and Analysis of Sediment Profile -- 12.3.4 Column Leaching Experiment -- 12.4 Results and Discussions -- 12.4.1 Water Samples -- 12.4.2 Elemental Composition and Grain Size Distribution Along the Sediment Profiles -- 12.4.3 Column Experiments -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: A Comparative Study on the Arsenic Levels in Groundwaters of Gangetic Alluvium and Coastal Aquifers in India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.2.1 Gangetic Alluvium -- 13.2.2 Southern Coast -- 13.3 Distribution of Arsenic -- 13.4 Depth -- 13.5 Variation in Source of Arsenic -- 13.6 Statistics -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- Section IV: Arsenic in Food Chain, Health and Its Remediation -- Chapter 14: Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bengal Delta and Its Health Effects -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater -- 14.2.1 West Bengal -- 14.2.1.1 Arsenic Concentration in Deeper Tube-Wells (> -- 100 m) -- 14.2.1.2 Estimation of the Number of As-Contaminated Hand Tube-Wells -- 14.2.1.3 Estimation of Population Exposed to As-Contaminated Drinking Water -- 14.2.2 Bangladesh -- 14.2.2.1 Arsenic Concentration in Deeper Tube-Wells (> -- 100 m). , 14.2.2.2 Estimation of the Number of As-Contaminated Hand Tube-Wells -- 14.2.2.3 Estimation of Population Exposed to As-Contaminated Drinking Water -- 14.3 Arsenic Concentration in Biological Samples and Sub-­clinically Affected Population -- 14.4 Evaluation of Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Bengal Delta -- 14.4.1 Arsenical Skin Lesions -- 14.4.2 Arsenic Affected Children -- 14.4.3 Neurological Involvements -- 14.4.4 Obstetric Outcome -- 14.4.5 Methylation Capacity of As-Exposed Adults and Children -- 14.5 How to Combat the Present Arsenic Crisis -- References -- Chapter 15: Impact of Arsenic Contaminated Irrigation Water on Some Edible Crops in the Fluvial Plains of Bihar -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.2.1 Sample Collection -- 15.2.2 Preparation of Soil Samples for Arsenic Analysis -- 15.2.3 Plant Sample Digestion Procedure for Arsenic Analysis -- 15.2.4 GIS Applications for Spatial Analysis -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.3.1 Analysis of Field Work Data -- 15.3.2 Analysis of Pot Experiment Data -- 15.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: A Greenhouse Pot Experiment to Study Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Varieties Selected from Gangetic Bengal, India -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.2.1 Experimental Condition -- 16.2.2 Soil Collection and Pot Preparation -- 16.2.3 Selection of Rice Varieties and Seedling Transplantation -- 16.2.4 Sample Collection, Preservation and Digestion -- 16.2.5 Analysis of Total Arsenic -- 16.3 Results and Discussion -- 16.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Status of Arsenic Contamination Along the Gangetic Plain of Ballia and Kanpur Districts, Uttar Pradesh, India and Possible Remedial Measures -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Site Description, Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Site Description -- 17.2.2 Geomorphology of Ballia and Kanpur Districts. , 17.2.3 Sampling Methodology and Measurements.