Note: Intro -- Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Contents -- 1: Environmental Informatics: Advancing Data Intensive Sciences to Solve Environmental Problems -- 2: Hierarchical Geospatial Computing Environment for Data-intensive Geographic Process Simulation -- 3: Integration of Geographic nformation Systems for Monitoring and Dissemination of Marine Environment Data -- 4: Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Wetlands Using Geospatial and Hydrometeorological Data -- 5: Climbing the Water Ladder - The New GIS Approach -- 6: Supraglacial Lake Classification in the Everest Region of Nepal Himalaya -- 7: Towards the Improvement of Water Resource Management by Combining Technologies for Spatial Data Collection, Storage, Analysis and Dissemination -- 8: Geomorphologic Risk Modelling of the Sibiu Depression Using Geospatial Surface Analyses -- 9: Geospatial Technique to Study Forest Cover Using ALOS/PALSAR Data -- 10: Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Using Geospatial Techniques in a Semi-arid Region of Madhya Pradesh, India -- 11: The Environmental Calculator: A Tool for the Efficient Assessment of Environmental Services Loss due to Deforestation -- 12: Urban Tree Detection Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data -- 13: Multisensor Fusion of Remote Sensing Data for Crop Disease Detection -- 14: Geospatial Analysis of Cancer Cases in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey -- 15: GIS for the Determination of Bioenergy Potential in the Centre Region of Portugal -- 16: Use of Geospatial Data in Planning for Offshore Wind Development -- 17: Social Vulnerability Assessment through GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Flood Risk Mapping in Mexico -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Wastewater Treatment and Monitoring: Physico-Chemical Treatment -- Chapter 1: RSM and ANN-GA Experimental Design Optimization for Electrocoagulation Removal of Chromium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Setup and Procedure -- 2.2 Analytical Techniques -- 2.3 Electrocoagulation Process -- 2.4 Experimental Design -- 2.4.1 Response Surface Methodology -- 2.4.2 Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm -- 2.5 Path Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 RSM Modelling and Optimization -- 3.2 Centre Composite Design -- 3.3 ANN-GA Modelling and Optimization -- 3.4 Path Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Sunlight-Assisted Photo-Fenton Process for Removal of Insecticide from Agricultural Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Chemicals Used -- 2.2 Experimental Procedure -- 2.3 Analytical Methods -- 3 Result and Discussions -- 3.1 Effect of pH -- 3.2 Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration -- 3.3 Effect of Ferrous Sulphate Dosing Concentration -- 3.4 Effect of Initial Concentration of Insecticide -- 3.5 Rate Equation and Kinetics -- 3.6 FTIR Spectra Analysis -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Catalytic Reduction of Water Contaminant `4-Nitrophenol´ over Manganese Oxide Supported Ni Nanoparticles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Synthesis -- 2.3 Characterizations -- 2.4 Catalytic Reduction -- 2.5 Computational Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Computational Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Simulation of Nitrate Removal in a Batch Flow Electrocoagulation-Flotation (ECF) Process by Response Surface Method... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 ECF Reactor -- 2.2 Experimental Procedure. , 2.3 Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Development of Regression Model Equation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Wastewater Treatment and Monitoring: Biological Treatment -- Chapter 5: Decolourization Studies of a Novel Textile Dye Degrading Bacterium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Source of Sample -- 2.2 Isolation of Dye-Decolourizing Bacteria -- 2.3 Screening of Dye Decolourizing Bacteria and Decolourization Activity -- 2.4 Optimization of Different Parameters for Maximum Decolourization -- 2.5 Decolourization Analysis with Optimized Condition -- 2.6 Decolourization of Different Dyes -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Isolation and Screening of Dye Decolourizing Bacteria -- 3.2 Dye Decolourization Activity -- 3.3 Optimization for Maximum Decolourization -- 3.4 Decolourization Activity with Different Dyes -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Preliminary Study of Rapid Enhanced Effective Micro-organisms (REEM) in Oil and Grease Trap from Canteen Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Wastewater Characteristics -- 2.2 Characteristics of Rapid Effective Enhancements Micro-organisms (REEM) -- 2.3 Experimental Set-up -- 2.4 REEM Batch Experiments -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Effects of REEM on Oil and Grease Removal -- 3.2 Effects of REEM on BOD Removal -- 3.3 Effect of REEM on SS Removal -- 3.4 Oil and Grease Removal in Batch Experiment -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendation -- References -- Chapter 7: Step-Feed Technology in SBR to Enhance the Treatment of Landfill Leachate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Lab-Scale Reactor -- 2.2 Leachate Composition and Seed Sludge -- 2.3 Operating Strategy of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 2.4 Operating Strategy of Step-Feed SBR Cycle -- 2.5 Analytical Method -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 3.1 Overview of System Performance -- 3.2 Performance of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 3.3 Evaluation of Conventional SBR Cycle -- 3.4 Performance of Modified SBR Cycle (Step-Feed Process) -- 3.5 Evaluation of Modified SBR Cycle -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Response Surface Optimization of Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using a Natural Adsorbent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Adsorbent -- 2.2 Adsorbate -- 2.3 Analytical Methods -- 2.4 Adsorption Experiments -- 2.5 RSM-Based Experimental Design, Modelling and Statistical Analysis -- 2.6 Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherms Studies -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Characterization of Adsorbent and Adsorption Process -- 3.2 RSM Model Fitting and ANOVA Analysis -- 3.3 Interaction of Variables and the Effect on Response -- 3.4 Process Optimization and Experimental Validation -- 3.5 Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherms Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water Using Adsorption -- 1 Background -- 2 Adverse Effects of ECs -- 3 Treatment Technologies -- 4 Clay as Adsorbent -- 5 Experimental Studies on Organo Clay in Adsorbing Ciprofloxacin from Water -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Surface Water -- Chapter 10: Hydrological Regimes and Zooplankton Ecology at Tempe Floodplains, Indonesia: Preliminary Study Before the Operati... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Environmental Variables -- 3.2 Zooplankton -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Organics and Heavy Metals Content in River Receiving the Effluent of Municipal Landfill Leachate Treatment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Groundwater Contamination. , Chapter 12: Tracing the Significance of River for Arsenic Enrichment and Mobilization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Groundwater Sampling -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in 14 Districts in Sri Lanka: A Collaboration Research Between Sri Lanka and Jap... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater Affecting Holocene Aquifers of India: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Bengal Delta (West Bengal) -- 3.2 Middle Ganga Plain -- 3.3 Ghaghara Valley -- 3.4 Terai Plain of Nepal and West Bengal -- 3.5 Brahmaputra Valley -- 3.6 Barak Valley -- 3.7 Manipur Valley -- 4 Source and Release of Arsenic to Groundwater -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Water Quality Evaluation in a Rural Stretch of Tezpur, Assam (India) Using Water Quality Index and Correlation Mat... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Sampling Area -- 2.2 Sampling and Analysis -- 2.3 Ground Water Quality Index -- 2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Water Quality Parameters -- 3.2 Ground Water Quality Index -- 3.3 Statistical Analysis -- 3.3.1 Basic Statistics -- 3.3.2 Correlation Coefficient -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Hydrological and Quality Issues: Water Resource in Changing Paradigm -- Chapter 16: Meltwater Quality and Quantity Assessment in the Himalayan Glaciers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assessment of Meltwater Quality -- 2.1 Chemical Weathering and Hydrogeochemical Processes -- 2.2 Input from Atmospheric Precipitation and Anthropogenic Activities -- 3 Assessment of Meltwater Quantity -- 3.1 Meltwater Runoff -- 3.2 Suspended Sediment Transport. , 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Delineation of Point Sources of Recharge in Karst Settings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Spring Hydrology -- 3.2 Hydrogeochemistry -- 3.3 Water Isotopes in Catchment Waters -- 3.4 Field Investigations -- 3.5 Tracer Test -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18: Identify the Major Reasons to Cause Vulnerability to Mekong Delta Under the Impacts of Drought and Climate Change -- 1 Mekong Delta -- 2 Assessment Method of Drought Impacts to Eco-social Sectors -- 3 Identification of Drought Impact Types and Causes -- 3.1 The Identification of Drought Impact Types to Each Sector in Mekong Delta -- 3.2 Major Drought Impacts to Each Sector in Mekong Delta -- 3.3 The Causes of Major Drought Impact Types -- 3.4 The Sectors Vulnerable Caused by Drought Impacts in Mekong Delta -- 3.5 Importance of Identification of Major Drought Impact Types and Vulnerable Sector -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Multi-pathway Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes Exposure in Drinking Water Supplies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Analysis of THMs -- 2.2 Cancer Risk Estimation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Concentration Range of THMs in Drinking Water Supplies -- 3.2 Risk Assessment -- 3.2.1 Cancer Risk Through Oral Ingestion -- 3.2.2 Cancer Risk from Dermal Absorption -- 3.2.3 Cancer Risk from Inhalation Route -- 3.2.4 Non-cancer Risk Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20: The Study of Water Losses Using Knowledge Based System Approach -- 1 Water-Issues and Objectives -- 1.1 The Study Area -- 1.2 Water Balance -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Visual Basic Development -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Knowledge Base -- 3.2 User Interface -- 3.3 Non-revenue Water Expert System (NRWES) -- 3.4 NRW Detections. , 3.5 Non-revenue Water Estimation.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Section I: Role of Fluvial Geomorphology and Sedimentology in Arsenic Distribution -- Chapter 1: Hydrogeochemical Evolution in the Different Shallow Aquifers of Central Gangetic Plain and Kosi Alluvial Fan and Their Implications for the Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Study Area -- 1.3 Methodology -- 1.4 Groundwater Chemistry -- 1.5 Groundwater Arsenic Distribution and Fate -- 1.6 Conclusion and Synthesis -- References -- Chapter 2: Assessment of Subsurface Lithology by Resistivity Survey Coupled with Hydrochemical Study to Identify Arsenic Distribution Pattern in Central Gangetic Plain: A Case Study of Bhagalpur District, Bihar, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Study Area -- 2.2.1 Geology and Hydrogeology -- 2.3 Materials and Methods -- 2.3.1 Sampling Phase I: Groundwater and Core Sampling and Analysis -- 2.3.2 Sampling Phase II: Geophysical Survey -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Arsenic and Its Speciation -- 2.4.2 Relationship Between VES and Hydrochemical Signature of the Aquifer -- 2.4.3 Stable Isotopic Chemistry -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater in the Middle Gangetic Plain, India: Its Relations to Fluvial Geomorphology and Quaternary Stratigraphy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Area -- 3.3 Geological Setting -- 3.4 Materials and Methods -- 3.5 Results and Discussion -- 3.5.1 Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Middle Gangetic Basin -- 3.5.2 Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Ghaghara Basin -- 3.5.3 Groundwater Arsenic Contamination from Different Parts of Middle Gangetic Basin -- 3.5.4 Source and Release of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Section II: Groundwater Arsenic Characterisations and Risk Assessments. , Chapter 4: Preliminary Assessment of Arsenic Distribution in Brahmaputra River Basin of India Based on Examination of 56,180 Public Groundwater Wells -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Problem, Perspective and Challenges of Arsenic Contamination in the Groundwater of Brahmaputra Flood Plains and Barak Valley Regions of Assam, India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area Characterisation -- 5.2.1 Geology -- 5.3 Distribution of As in the State of Assam -- 5.3.1 Distribution in the Brahmaputra Flood Plain -- 5.3.2 Arsenic Distribution in the Barak Valley Plain -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Barak Valley, Assam, India: Topography-Based Analysis and Risk Assessment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Material and Methods -- 6.2.1 The Study Area -- 6.2.2 Collection and Analysis of Water Samples -- 6.3 Statistical Analysis -- 6.3.1 Risk Assessment -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 District-Wise Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 6.4.2 Topography-Based Distribution of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 6.4.3 Risk Assessment -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Hydrogeochemistry and Arsenic Distribution in the Gorakhpur District in the Middle Gangetic Plain, India -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.3.1 Groundwater Sampling -- 7.3.2 Analytical Techniques -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Major Ion Geochemistry -- 7.4.2 Arsenic Concentration -- 7.4.3 Relationship Between Hydrogeochemical Variable -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Section III: Arsenic Hydrogeochemistry and Processes -- Chapter 8: Arsenic Distribution and Mobilization: A Case Study of Three Districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar (India) -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.1.1 Geological Setting and Location of Study Area -- 8.2 Material and Methods -- 8.2.1 Sampling and Field Parameter Analysis -- 8.2.2 Laboratory Analysis of Water Samples -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Hydrochemistry -- 8.3.2 Hydrochemical Facies -- 8.3.3 Aquifer Vulnerability -- 8.3.4 Geochemical Modelling for Mineral Phases Identification Using PHREEQC -- 8.3.5 Log pCO2 vs State of Saturation -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Understanding Hydrogeochemical Processes Governing Arsenic Contamination and Seasonal Variation in the Groundwater of Buxar District, Bihar, India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodology -- 9.2.1 Study Area Description -- 9.2.1.1 Hydrogeological Settings -- 9.2.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 General Expressions of Hydro-geochemical Data -- 9.3.2 Graphical Representation of Hydro-geochemical Data -- 9.3.3 Identification of Hydro-geochemical Process -- 9.3.4 Distribution of Arsenic -- 9.3.5 Statistical Analysis -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Chemical Characteristics of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater in Parts of Middle-Gangetic Plain (MGP) in Bihar, India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Site Description -- 10.2.2 Hydrogeological Settings -- 10.2.3 Sampling, Field Measurements and Laboratory Analyses -- 10.3 Results and Discussion -- 10.3.1 Groundwater Chemistry -- 10.3.1.1 Weathering Processes and Evolution of Groundwater Chemistry -- 10.3.2 Source and Distribution of Redox-Sensitive Parameters -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: An Insight into the Spatio-vertical Heterogeneity of Dissolved Arsenic in Part of the Bengal Delta Plain Aquifer in West Bengal (India) -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques. , 11.2.3 Statistical and Thermodynamic Calculations -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Groundwater Chemistry -- 11.3.2 Depth and Spatial Distribution of Arsenic -- 11.3.3 Heterogeneity of Arsenic in Relation to Land Use Characteristics -- 11.3.4 Factor Analysis -- 11.3.5 Mineral Saturation Index -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Surface Generated Organic Matter: An Important Driver for Arsenic Mobilization in Bengal Delta Plain -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Concept of Investigation -- 12.3 Material and Methods -- 12.3.1 Field Site -- 12.3.2 Collection and Analysis of Water Samples -- 12.3.3 Collection and Analysis of Sediment Profile -- 12.3.4 Column Leaching Experiment -- 12.4 Results and Discussions -- 12.4.1 Water Samples -- 12.4.2 Elemental Composition and Grain Size Distribution Along the Sediment Profiles -- 12.4.3 Column Experiments -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: A Comparative Study on the Arsenic Levels in Groundwaters of Gangetic Alluvium and Coastal Aquifers in India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.2.1 Gangetic Alluvium -- 13.2.2 Southern Coast -- 13.3 Distribution of Arsenic -- 13.4 Depth -- 13.5 Variation in Source of Arsenic -- 13.6 Statistics -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- Section IV: Arsenic in Food Chain, Health and Its Remediation -- Chapter 14: Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bengal Delta and Its Health Effects -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater -- 14.2.1 West Bengal -- 14.2.1.1 Arsenic Concentration in Deeper Tube-Wells (> -- 100 m) -- 14.2.1.2 Estimation of the Number of As-Contaminated Hand Tube-Wells -- 14.2.1.3 Estimation of Population Exposed to As-Contaminated Drinking Water -- 14.2.2 Bangladesh -- 14.2.2.1 Arsenic Concentration in Deeper Tube-Wells (> -- 100 m). , 14.2.2.2 Estimation of the Number of As-Contaminated Hand Tube-Wells -- 14.2.2.3 Estimation of Population Exposed to As-Contaminated Drinking Water -- 14.3 Arsenic Concentration in Biological Samples and Sub-­clinically Affected Population -- 14.4 Evaluation of Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Bengal Delta -- 14.4.1 Arsenical Skin Lesions -- 14.4.2 Arsenic Affected Children -- 14.4.3 Neurological Involvements -- 14.4.4 Obstetric Outcome -- 14.4.5 Methylation Capacity of As-Exposed Adults and Children -- 14.5 How to Combat the Present Arsenic Crisis -- References -- Chapter 15: Impact of Arsenic Contaminated Irrigation Water on Some Edible Crops in the Fluvial Plains of Bihar -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.2.1 Sample Collection -- 15.2.2 Preparation of Soil Samples for Arsenic Analysis -- 15.2.3 Plant Sample Digestion Procedure for Arsenic Analysis -- 15.2.4 GIS Applications for Spatial Analysis -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.3.1 Analysis of Field Work Data -- 15.3.2 Analysis of Pot Experiment Data -- 15.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: A Greenhouse Pot Experiment to Study Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Varieties Selected from Gangetic Bengal, India -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.2.1 Experimental Condition -- 16.2.2 Soil Collection and Pot Preparation -- 16.2.3 Selection of Rice Varieties and Seedling Transplantation -- 16.2.4 Sample Collection, Preservation and Digestion -- 16.2.5 Analysis of Total Arsenic -- 16.3 Results and Discussion -- 16.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Status of Arsenic Contamination Along the Gangetic Plain of Ballia and Kanpur Districts, Uttar Pradesh, India and Possible Remedial Measures -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Site Description, Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Site Description -- 17.2.2 Geomorphology of Ballia and Kanpur Districts. , 17.2.3 Sampling Methodology and Measurements.

Note: Intro -- Climate Change and Island and Coastal Vulnerability -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- J. Sundaresan -- S. Sreekesh -- AL. Ramanathan -- Leonard Sonnenschein -- Ram Boojh -- Contents -- PART I Hydrological Regime Changes and Water Woes -- CHAPTER 1 Projected Precipitation Changes over Malaysia by the End of the 21st Century Using PRECIS Regional Climate Model -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Model Description and Simulation Experiment Design -- Data and Analysis Method -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Large Scale Rainfall Simulated by GCMs -- Baseline Climate from HadCM3/PRECIS Simulation -- Rainfall Projection by the End of 21st Century -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2 Monsoonal Fluctuations vs Marine Productivity during Past 10,000 Years - A Study Based on Sediment Core Retrieved from Southeastrn Arabian Sea -- INTRODUCTION -- MODERN CLIMATE AND OCEANOGRAPHY -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- Texture Profile -- Carbonate Profile -- Organic Carbon Profile -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3 Prediction of Rain on the Basis of Cloud Liquid Water, Precipitation Water and Latent Heat in the Perspective of Climate Change over Two Coastal Stations -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Validation of TRMM Estimated Rainfall with Ground Truth -- Vertical Profile of CLW, PW and LH -- Identification of Convective/Stratiform Contribution to Total Rainfall on the Basis of Vertical Profile of CLW, PW and LH on Daily Basis -- Occurrence of High Rainfall in the Light of PW Values at the Peak Cloud Water Level (PCL) -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4 Inter-annual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Arabian Sea -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- The Data and Analysis -- Sea Surface Temperature (SST). , Air-sea Fluxes -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- Annual Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature -- Pre-monsoon Warming -- Summer or Southwest Monsoon Cooling -- Post-monsoon Warming -- Winter or Northeast Monsoon Cooling -- Inter-annual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature - Predominant SST Oscillations -- SST Inter-comparisons and Cooling and Warming Periods -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5 Paleoclimate of Peninsular India -- INTRODUCTION -- Tropics and Teak (Tectona grandis) -- Oxygen Isotopes in Tree Cellulose -- Climatology of Sample Locations -- Rainfall 18O Record -- EXPERIMENTAL METHOD -- Sample Collection -- Ring Separation and Powdering -- Extraction of Cellulose -- Step 1 -- Step 2 -- Step 3 -- Step 4 -- Step 5 -- Step 6 -- Step 7 -- Step 8 -- Step 9 -- Step 10 -- Step 11 -- Step 12 -- Mass Spectrometric Isotope Measurements and Analytical Precision -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART II Biotic Changes and Responses (Stresses and Vulnerability) -- CHAPTER 6 Marine Biodiversity: Climate Impact and Conservation Planning -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PROBLEM -- EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON OCEAN WATER -- EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE FISHERIES INDUSTRY -- EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON FISH -- Metabolic Changes -- Reproductive Changes -- Geographical Changes -- Invasive Species -- Phytoplankton Productivity -- Dead Zone Expansion -- Disease and Toxins -- EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON BIODIVERSITY -- Biodiversity Maps -- ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING -- Food Security -- Coastal Development -- CASE STUDIES -- WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? -- Establishment of Coral Farms -- Form Local Fish Farming Associations or Other Support Systems for Fish Suppliers -- Hold Regular Multistakeholder Meetings with Surveys to Measure Results. , National Actions -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX -- Projected Impact of Climate Change -- Average Sea Surface Temperature (°C) -- Map of Coral Reefs of the World -- Distribution of Coral Bleaching Events, 1988 -- Natural Catastrophes Worldwide, 1980-2010 -- Direction of Changes in Phenology and Distribution of Species Compared to Those Predicted from Climate Change -- Biodiversity Map of Coastal and Oceanic Marine Creatures (Red boxes mark hotspots) -- CHAPTER 7 Inventory and Monitoring of Coral Reefs of United Arab Emirates (UAE), Arabian Gulf, Using Remote Sensing Techniques -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHOD -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Data Preparation -- Data Processing -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8 Impact of Climate Change in the Sundarban Aquatic Ecosystems: Phytoplankton as Proxies -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Study Area -- Phytoplankton Collection and Taxonomic Enumeration -- Physicochemical Analyses -- Photosynthetic Pigment Analysis -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9 Elevated CO2 and Temperature Affect Leaf Anatomical Characteristics in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Experimental Site and Field Set Up -- Stomata Structural Analysis -- Leaf Anatomy -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Stomatal Characteristics under Elevated CO2 and Temperature -- Effect of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Leaf Anatomy -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10 Biochemical Composition of Seaweeds after the Influence of Oil Spill from 'Tasman Spirit' at the Coast of Karachi -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 11 Distribution of Ostracoda in the Mullipallam Lagoon, near Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India - Implications on Microenvironment -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Systematic Paleontology -- Sediment, Water Characteristics and Standing Crop -- Carapace Valve Ratio -- Predation -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART III Coastal Dynamics -- CHAPTER 12 Influence of Suspended Solid on in situ and ex situ Chlorophyll-a: A Case Study of Indian Sundarbans -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- The Study Area -- Chlorophyll Estimation (in situ and ex situ) -- Suspended Solid (SS) Estimation (in situ) -- Statistical Approach -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13 Climate and Sea Level Changes in a Holocene Bay Head Delta, Kerala, Southwest Coast of India -- INTRODUCTION -- STUDY AREA -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- LITHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT TEXTURE -- PALYNOLOGY AND MICROPALAEONTOLOGY -- δ13C AND δ15N ISOTOPES -- DISCUSSION -- Holocene Evolution of Kallada Bay Head Delta (KBHD) -- Evidences of Climatic and Sea Level Changes -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14 Role of Sea Level Rise on the Groundwater Quality in Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHOD -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15 Mangrove Responses to Climate Change along the Southwestern Coast of India during Holocene: Evidence from Palynology and Geochronology -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16 Predicted Recurrence of Coral Bleaching Events along Lakshadweep Reef Region -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Projected Thermal Stress and Frequency of Coral Bleaching. , Required Adaptation to Increased Thermal Stress -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART IV Livelihood Options -- CHAPTER 17 Hatchery Production of Marine Ornamental Fishes: An Alternate Livelihood Option for the Island Community at Lakshadweep -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Study Area -- Broodstock Development -- Live Feed Culture -- Larval Rearing -- Amphiprion nigripes -- Chromis Viridis and Dascyllus Aruanus -- RESULTS -- Spawning -- Larval Rearing -- Technology Transfer to Islanders -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18 Living in Harmony with Nature: Complication of Climate Change and Governance -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY -- Contrasting Conceptual Models -- NEW INSTITUTIONS AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES -- Adaptation to Climate Change and Sustainability -- New Process -- New Information -- New Thinking -- New Institutions -- SCALE -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Note: Front cover -- Half title -- Full title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- - Acknowledgements -- PART I - Environmental modifications, degradation and human health risks -- Chapter 1 - COVID-19: a wake-up call to protect planetary health -- 1.1 Emerging infectious disease, COVID-19, and planetary health -- 1.2 Lockdown as a temporary respite for the environment -- 1.3 Pandemic reclaiming the plastic usage: demand, production, and usage -- 1.4 Waste management: the intensifying crisis -- 1.5 Ocean pollution and landfills -- 1.6 Exacerbated inequalities and vulnerabilities -- 1.7 Recommendations -- 1.8 COVID-19 calls for reflection-conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 - Zoonotic disease in the face of rapidly changing human-nature interactions in the Anthropocene -- 2.1 Introduction: why zoonotic diseases can be a concern in the Anthropocene -- 2.2 Resilience and its change due to biodiversity loss and diseases -- 2.3 The case of zoonotic diseases -- 2.3.1 Influenza -- 2.3.2 HIV -- 2.3.3 Ebola -- 2.3.4 Avian influenza -- 2.3.5 Hantavirus -- 2.3.6 COVID-19 -- 2.4 Possible measures to fight next pandemics with concept of resilience -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 - Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on the socioenvironmental scenario of Indian Sundarban -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Impact on air and water quality -- 3.3 Natural regeneration of biodiversity -- 3.4 Migration of labor from other States -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 - Changes in nighttime lights during COVID-19 lockdown over Delhi, India -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study area and data used -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results and discussion -- 4.4.1 Exploration of individual dataset -- 4.4.1.1 COVID-19 dataset -- 4.4.1.2 Mobility dataset -- 4.4.1.3 NTL Dataset -- 4.4.1.4 EPC Dataset. , 4.4.2 Comparison of correlation between NTL and EPC with previous year -- 4.4.3 Results of correlating the multi-domain datasets during COVID-19 lockdown -- 4.4.4 Results for regression-based approach for prediction of EPC -- 4.5 Conclusions and recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 - Socio-environmental factors affecting mental health of people during Covid-19 in coastal urban areas of Bangladesh -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Method -- 5.2.1 Participants and data collection procedures -- 5.2.2 Measures -- 5.2.2.1 Personal attributes and socioeconomic status -- 5.2.2.2 Socioenvironmental factors -- 5.2.2.3 Health status and care-seeking behavior -- 5.2.2.4 Composite COVID-19 stress index -- 5.2.2.5 Coronavirus anxiety scale -- 5.2.4 Analytical tools -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents -- 5.3.2 Exploratory factor analysis -- 5.3.3 Socioenvironmental factors affecting COVID-19 -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- References -- Chapter 6 - Mitigating transboundary risks by integrating risk reduction frameworks of health and DRR: A perspective from ... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Impacts of transboundary disasters -- 6.2.1 Impacts of health-related transboundary disasters -- 6.2.2 The impacts of nonhealth transboundary disasters -- 6.3 Existing risk reduction frameworks and their gaps/challenges -- 6.4 A comparison of responses to COVID-19 by India and Japan -- 6.5 Measures for strengthening risk reduction frameworks -- 6.5.1 Identify and recognize the shared risks -- 6.5.2 Analyze the shared risks that considers hidden vulnerabilities -- 6.5.3 Share the risk information -- 6.5.4 Develop globally coordinated solutions -- 6.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART II - Water resources: Planning, management and governance. , Chapter 7 - An overview of Kuwait's water resources and a proposed plan to prevent the spread of the Novel Corona Virus (C ... -- 7.1 Prelude -- 7.2 Introduction -- 7.3 Sources of water -- 7.4 Current status of water availability and consumption -- 7.4.1 Desalinated water -- 7.4.2 Groundwater -- 7.4.3 Renovated wastewater -- 7.5 Possible spread of the Novel Corona Virus through water facilities -- 7.6 Monitoring of water quality and collection of water samples -- 7.7 Preservation, analysis, and treatment of water samples -- 7.8 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 - Survival of SARS-COV-2 in untreated and treated wastewater-a review -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 SARS-COV-2 in treated and untreated wastewater -- 8.3 Transmission through wastewater -- 8.4 Impact -- 8.5 Future research needs to be carried out -- Acknowledgment -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 9 - Wastewater discharge and surface water contamination pre- and post- COVID 19-global case studies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Presence in aquatic environment -- 9.2.1 Comparison to other viruses (enveloped/nonenveloped) detected in water -- 9.3 Persistence and removal -- 9.4 Wastewater-based epidemiology -- 9.5 Case studies -- 9.6 Environmental implications and policies -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 - Addressing associated risks of COVID-19 infections across water and wastewater service chain in Asia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 SARS-CoV-2 in feces and wastewater -- 10.2.1 SARS-CoV-2 in feces -- 10.2.2 SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater -- 10.3 Addressing potential risks associated with water and wastewater services -- 10.3.1 Risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 contaminated wastewater from hospitals and quarantine buildings/spots. , 10.3.2 Risks associated with the discharges and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated domestic wastewater from urban and ru ... -- 10.3.3 Risks associated with the direct contact with of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated sewage overflows during flooding events -- 10.3.4 Risks associated with treatment facilities for water supply using raw water sources contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 -- 10.4 Regular virus surveillance in wastewater for COVID-19 -- 10.5 Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- Chapter 11 - Governance of wastewater surveillance systems to minimize the impact of COVID-19 and future epidemics: Cases ... -- 11.1 State of COVID-19 in selected countries -- 11.2 Wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 -- 11.3 Wastewater management in selected countries -- 11.4 Stakeholders for wastewater monitoring -- 11.5 Legislation and frameworks -- 11.6 Challenges and opportunities -- 11.7 Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Laws and regulations -- Chapter 12 - Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on real-time DO-BOD variation of river Ganga -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Impact of lockdown on main stem of river Ganga -- 12.2.1 Dissolved oxygen -- 12.2.2 Biochemical oxygen demand -- 12.3 Impact of lockdown on river Ganga tributaries -- 12.3.1 Dissolved oxygen -- 12.3.2 Biochemical oxygen demand -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 - Covid-19 and opportunity for integrated management of water-energy-food resources for urban consumption -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Covid-19 and its impact on urban WEF resources -- 13.2 Methodology -- 13.2.1 Study area -- 13.2.2 Data collection and analysis -- 13.3 Result and discussion -- 13.3.1 Water consumption pattern -- 13.3.2 Energy consumption pattern -- 13.3.3 Food consumption pattern -- 13.4 Integrated mitigation measures -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 14 - COVID-19 lockdown impacts on biochemical and microbiological parameters in southern Indian coast -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Major coastal activities influenced by COVID-19 pandemic -- 14.2.1 Tourism activities -- 14.2.2 Fisheries communities -- 14.2.3 Negative consequences -- 14.3 COVID-19 lockdown impacts of biochemical and microbiological parameters on South Indian coasts -- 14.4 Effects of gas emissions with coastal water quality -- 14.5 Refusing on phytoplankton biomass and NO 2 emissions -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- PART III - Air and water quality: Monitoring, fate, transport, and drivers of socio-environmental change -- Chapter 15 - Air quality index and criteria pollutants in ambient atmosphere over selected sites: Impact and lesso ... -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Air pollution -- 15.1.2 Air quality index -- 15.2 Data source and data collection point -- 15.2.1 Study area -- 15.3 Results -- 15.3.1 Air quality before lockdown -- 15.3.2 Air quality during lockdown and unlock period -- 15.3.3 Air quality index -- 15.4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 - Study of the aerosol parameters and radiative forcing during COVID-19 pandemic over Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Site description and meteorology -- 16.3 Result and discussions -- 16.3.1 Variability of aerosol parameters -- 16.3.2 Aerosol radiative forcing -- 16.3.3 Source appointment and transportation of aerosols -- 16.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 - A safe and effective sample collection method for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol samples -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Novel aerosol sampling method -- 17.3. Trizol versus phosphate buffer solution as collection medium -- 17.4 Next generation-based applications -- 17.5 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 18 - Meteorological parameters and COVID-19 spread-Russia a case study.

Note: Intro -- Message from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Section I: Water Resources Management -- 3D Geological and Hydrogeological Modelling - Integrated Approaches in Urban Groundwater Management -- Introduction -- 3D Geomodelling in Urban Management -- Model Concepts and Requirements -- Constructive Cross-section Net-based Interpolation -- Statistically Based 3D Interpolation -- Interactive 3D-modelling of the Subsurface Geology -- Geodata and Model Construction -- Interactive Modelling in Real Time -- Integrative Modelling Concepts of Contaminated Urban Aquifers -- Environmental Setting of the Former Industrial Mega-site -- GIS-based Multi-source Data Management -- Integrated Modelling of Urban Aquifers -- Conclusions -- References -- Long-term Saltwater Intrusion Modelling - Case Studies from North Africa, Mexico and Halle -- Introduction -- Nubian Aquifer System -- Yucatan Peninsula -- Saltwater Upconing, Halle (Saale) -- References -- Hydrogeochemical Characterisation and Evaluation of Seasonal Variation in Groundwater Chemistry in Upper Panda River Basin, In... -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Rock-chemical Analysis -- Major Ion Chemistry -- Inter-ionic Relationships and Saturation Indices -- Solute Acquisition Process -- Groundwater Quality Assessment -- Conclusions -- References -- Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability in the Borazjan Aquifer of Bushehr, South of Iran, Using GIS Technique -- Introduction -- Hydrogeological Setting of the Study Area -- The Borazjan Sampling Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Soggiacenza as Depth to Water -- Infiltrazione as Net Recharge -- Non Saturo as Impact of the Vadose Zone -- Tipologia Copertura as Soil Media -- Caratteristiche Acquifero as Aquifer Media. , Conducibilita Idraulica as Hydraulic Conductivity -- Acclivita Superficie Topografica as Slope -- The SINTACS Vulnerability Index -- SINTACS Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- Geochemical Variations of Groundwater Quality in Coastal and Karstic Aquifers in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Water Sampling and Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Water in Ancient Indian Perspective and Ponds of Varanasi as Water Harvesting Structures -- Introduction -- Results and Discussion -- The Case of Varanasi City -- Geomorphology of Varanasi vis-a-vis Ponds and Streams -- Conclusion and Suggestion -- References -- Glacier Mass Balance and Its Significance on the Water Resource Management in the Western Himalayas -- Introduction -- Geochemical Studies in the Western Himalayas -- Remote Sensing and Field-based Studies in the Western Himalayas -- Role of Western Himalayas in Water Resource Management -- References -- Seasonal Variations and Flux of Arsenic in Gomati River, Ganga Alluvial Plain, Northern India -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Results -- Dissolved As Concentration and Seasonal Variations -- Relationship between River Hydrology -- Dissolved as Flux and Its Seasonal Variations -- Discussions -- Comparative Study with the Ganga and Brahmaputra Rivers -- Empirical Modelling -- Conclusions -- References -- Stable Isotopic Signatures for Hydrogeochemical Characterisation of Ground Water from Pondicherry to Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Sampling and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- The delta2H-delta18O Relationship in Ground Water -- The delta18O-Deutrium - Excess Relationship -- Stable Isotopes (delta18O, deltaD) vs. Chloride -- Compositional Variations of Major Ions -- Stoichiometry of the Waters -- Conclusions. , References -- Assessment of Hydrochemical Evolution of Ground Water through Silica Geothermometry in a Part of Ganga Basin -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Hydrochemical Aspects -- Discussion -- General Alteration Trends -- Ionic Complexes and Possible Solute Acquisition Processes -- Silica Geothermometry -- Relationship of SiO2 with Other Chemical Species -- Conclusion -- References -- Electrical Resistivity Survey for Groundwater Investigation at Sumbli of Jammu District (JandK) -- Introduction -- Geology and Hydrogeology -- Electrical Resisitivity Survey -- Interpretation and Results -- Wenner Resistivity Profile (WRP) -- VES Curves -- Pseudo Geo-electrical Cross-section -- Geo-electrical Cross-sections -- Conclusions -- References -- Isotopic-Chemical Framework of Groundwater Aquifer to Study the Pollution Dynamics at Delhi, India -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Physiography of the Study Area -- Hydrogeology of the Study Area -- Material and Methods -- Field Investigations -- Chemical Techniques -- Nuclear Techniques -- Measurement of delta18O -- Measurement of deltaD -- Result and Discussion -- Isotope Hydrochemistry -- Major Ion Hydrochemistry -- Conclusion -- References -- Helium and Natural Gas Anomalies in Tubewells around Southern Fringes of Bundelkhand Region, Sagar-Damoh District, Madhya Prad... -- Introduction -- Geology -- Observations -- Geochemical Analysis -- At ONGC, Dehradun -- At NGRI, Hyderabad -- Conclusion -- References -- Section II: Energy and Bio-resources Management -- Production of Renewable Energy and Waste Water Management from Vetiver Grass -- Introduction -- Experiment -- Experimental Setup -- Pyrolysis of Biomass -- Gasification of Char by Production of Water Gas -- Determination of Calorific Value of Biomass -- Result and Discussion -- Analysis of Gas Collected on Pyrolysis of Vetiver Grass. , Calorific Value of Vetiver Grass -- Pyrolysis of Powdered Material of Various Parts of Vetiver Grass -- Effect of Catalyst (Na2CO3) on Pyrolysis of Powdered Material of Various Parts of Vetiver Grass -- Optimization of Catalyst Concentration for Pyrolysis of Stem of Vetiver Grass -- Water Gas Production -- Removal of Chromium -- Conclusion -- References -- Replacing Conventional Fuels through Biogas for Mitigating the Threats related to Climate Change in India: A State-wise Assess... -- Introduction -- Bio-energy as an Alternative Domestic Fuel -- Climate Change Mitigation Dimension -- Methodology -- Biogas Yield Capacity -- Methane Emission Factors -- Conventional Fuels and Energy Content -- Loss of Carbon Sequestration -- Estimation of Emission Reduction -- Mapping of Distribution of Bio-energy Potential -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chronic Arsenicosis Induced Oxidative Stress in Cattle: Role of Zn and Se -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Design of Experiment -- Chemicals -- Enzymatic Assays -- Hormone Analysis -- Total Arsenic Analysis -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Stress Enzymes Status -- Hormonal Status -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Macro-benthos Diversity in a Headwater Stream Affected by Tea and Paddy Agricultural Runoff, Sri Lanka -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site -- Measurement of Physico-chemical Parameters -- Macro-benthos Sampling and Analysis -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Physico-chemical Parameters -- Macro-benthos Diversity and Other Indices -- Macro-benthos Secondary Productivity -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Bioremediation and Detoxification of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds in Landfill Leachate by Pseudomonas sp. ISTDF1 -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Chemicals -- Sampling and Sampling Site -- Extraction of Compounds from Leachate. , Microorganism and Culture Conditions -- Utilization of Recalcitrant Organic Contaminants by Pseudomonas sp. Strain ISTDF1 -- Treatment of Crude Organic Extract of Leachate by the Bacterial Strain -- Sample Extraction and GC-MS Analysis -- Toxicological Analysis -- Cell Culture -- Cell Viability -- Alkaline Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Assay) -- Results and Discussion -- Utilization of Aromatic Contaminants by Pseudomonas sp. Strain ISTDF1 -- Growth of Bacterial Strain in MSM Containing Crude Leachate Organic Extract -- Microbial Degradation of Major Contaminants Present in Landfill Leachate -- Cell Viability -- Comet Assay -- Conclusion -- References -- Identifying Knowledge Gaps in Assessing Health Risks due to Exposures of Nanoparticles from Contaminated Edible Plants -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Hazard Identification -- Exposure Assessment -- Scenario Description -- Estimation of Average Daily Dose (ADD) of NPs -- Dose-response Assessment -- Risk Estimation and Characterization -- Example Calculation for Exposures of Ag NPs through Ingestion of Sorghum Seeds -- Results and Discussion -- Identified Gaps at Different Stages of Risk Assessment -- Example Risk Estimation for Ingestion of Sorghum -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Conservation Issues and Possible Solutions for Sustainability of Faunal Diversity of Arunachal Pradesh -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Vertebrate Fauna -- Invertebrate Fauna -- Conservation Issues -- Possible Solutions -- References -- Ambient Noise Levels after CNG Implementation in Transport Sector in Delhi -- Introduction -- Methodology and Experimental Details -- Study Area: Delhi -- Sampling Sites -- Measurement Details -- Modelling Procedure -- Results and Discussion -- Model Development for Residential Zone -- Model Development for Commercial Zone. , Model Development for Industrial Zone.

Note: Front cover -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Section I Sustainable groundwater resources assessment and recharge processes -- CHAPTER 1 Assessment of groundwater resources by using a simple hydrogeochemical tool in coastal aquifers of Krishna delta, India -- CHAPTER 2 Groundwater contribution to total runoff using baseflow separation: A case study in southwestern Iran -- CHAPTER 3 Groundwater resources sustainability in Qatar: Problems and perspectives -- CHAPTER 4 Application of resistivity imaging for delineation of aquifer configuration -- CHAPTER 5 Hydrogeologic analysis of Kathajodi river basin, Orissa, India -- CHAPTER 6 Mechanisms and rates of recharge at Timbuktu, Republic of Mali -- CHAPTER 7 Evaluation of natural and artificial recharge using tracers in a semi-arid region of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Section II Water and environment -- CHAPTER 8 Hydrogeochemical studies around the Bhalswa landfill in Delhi, India -- CHAPTER 9 Assessment of the potential hazards of nitrate contamination in surface and groundwater systems in Hooghly district of West Bengal, India -- CHAPTER 10 Pesticides as water pollutants -- CHAPTER 11 Immobilization of coagulant proteins for drinking water treatment -- CHAPTER 12 Assessment of geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemistry in a river basin in Southern India -- Section III Groundwater modeling and its application in aquifer systems -- CHAPTER 13 Numerical analysis of tide-aquifer interaction data for estimating aquifer parameters -- CHAPTER 14 Stochastic modeling of groundwater discharge for hydrological drought forecasting -- CHAPTER 15 Influence of hysteresis in modeling of LNAPL migration through non-homogeneous binary porous media. , CHAPTER 16 Modelling of density-dependent flow systems: Sensitivity to spatial and temporal discretizations and numerical schemes using SEAWAT 2000 -- CHAPTER 17 Large scale modeling of nitrogen transformation in the unsaturated zone-A case study of Tehran City, Iran -- Section IV Coastal groundwaters and impact of tsunami -- CHAPTER 18 Characterization of groundwaters in Tiruvanmiyur coastal aquifer, Tamil Nadu, India -- CHAPTER 19 Evaluation of the coastal groundwater resources using limited hydrogeological data -- CHAPTER 20 Tsunami impacts on shallow groundwater and associated water supplies on the east coast of Sri Lanka -- CHAPTER 21 Status of a tsunami affected coastal aquifer along the east coast of Sri Lanka -- CHAPTER 22 Interactions between saline and fresh water in coastal region of northwestern Sri Lanka -- CHAPTER 23 Groundwater flow model in a mangrove forest -- Section V Arsenic and fluoride in groundwater -- CHAPTER 24 Groundwater arsenic contamination and its health effects in the Ganga-Meghna-Brahmaputra plain -- CHAPTER 25 Initial data on arsenic in groundwater and development of a state action plan, Uttar Pradesh, India -- CHAPTER 26 Arsenic mobilisation in the Holocene flood plains in South-central Bangladesh: Evidences from the hydrogeochemical trends and modeling results -- CHAPTER 27 High fluoride groundwater of Karbi-Anglong district, Assam, Northeastern India: Source characterization -- CHAPTER 28 Rural Latin America-A forgotten part of the global groundwater arsenic problem? -- CHAPTER 29 Global arsenic and antimony flow through coal and their cycling in groundwater environment -- CHAPTER 30 Exploiting precipitation of naturally occurring iron against arsenicosis -- CHAPTER 31 Arsenic contaminated drinking water and nutrition status in Bagahi village, Terai region, Nepal. , CHAPTER 32 Ensuring arsenic-safe water supply in local communities: Emergent concerns in West Bengal, India -- CHAPTER 33 Role of social factors as determinants for chronic arsenicosis in India -- CHAPTER 34 Low-energy reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for arsenic removal from groundwater -- CHAPTER 35 Bioremoval of arsenic by green alga -- Section VI Groundwater management -- CHAPTER 36 The autonomy of local drinking water institutions in rural Bangladesh -- CHAPTER 37 Management of the Salalah plain aquifer, Oman -- CHAPTER 38 The hidden language of rural water supply programmes -- CHAPTER 39 ''GROWNET'' and its relevance to sustainable groundwater development in western India -- CHAPTER 40 Groundwater management in hard rock areas for sustainable agriculture in Indian subcontinent -- Author index -- Subject Index -- Back cover.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Table of Contents -- SECTION 1 Evaluation, Status Prediction, Modelling and Developments of Coastal Zones: Management Issues -- 1 Observational Needs for Sustainable Coastal Prediction and Management -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Defining the Earth System -- 1.2 What is Sustainability? -- 1.3 Modelling the Earth System -- 1.4 Earth System Prediction -- 1.5 Observing the Earth System for Sustainable Management -- 2. OBSERVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT -- 2.1 Observing the Natural-human System -- 2.2 Observing the Coast from Microbes to Man -- 2.3 A Prototype Regional Earth System Prediction for an Estuary -- 2.4 Model-data Synthesis for Sustainable Management -- 3. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Ecological Modelling as a Tool for Coastal Ecosystem Management -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND MODELLING -- 3. STATISTICAL ECOSYSTEM MODELLING -- 4. DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM MODELLING -- 4.1 Hydrodynamic Modelling -- 4.1.1 Hydrostatic Models -- 4.1.2 Non-hydrostatic Models -- 4.1.3 Challenges of Current Hydrodynamic/Physical Models -- 4.2 Lower Trophic Level Modelling -- 4.3 Higher Trophic Level Food Web Modelling -- 4.4 Sediment Flux Modelling -- 5. SPECIAL ISSUES -- 5.1 Marshes, Wetlands and Mangroves -- 5.2 Data Assimilation -- 5.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Modelling -- 5.4 Model Skill Assessment -- 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Current Status of Coastal Zone Management Practices in India -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STATUS OF INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT -- 3. IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT -- 4. MAJOR INITIATIVES FOR PROTECTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA -- 4.1 Implementation of the CRZ Notification -- 4.2 Current Status of the CRZ. , 4.3 Objections against the CZM Notification -- 4.3.1 The CZM Notification - Conservation -- 4.3.2 The CZM Notification - Sustainable Development -- 4.3.3 The CZM Notification - Livelihoods -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Climate Resilient Coastal Zone Development in Bangladesh: Participatory Governance for Common Resources Management -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMMON PROPERTY REGIME: AN ENTRY POINT FOR POVERTY REDUCTION -- 2.1 Participatory Governance of the Common Resources -- 2.2 Case Studies on Individual, Community and Systematic Capability Approach -- 2.3 Discussion on Case Studies and Way Forward -- 3. COASTAL FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH -- 4. COASTAL LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY APPROACH -- 5. CREATE MECHANISMS TO ENSURE STAKEHOLDERS' PARTICIPATION IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AT LOCAL LEVEL -- 6. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON WEALTH AND PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT -- 6.1 Common Wealth for Sustainable Management (CWSM) - With Special Reference to SPA -- 6.2 CWSM - With Special Reference to Shrimp Cultivation -- 6.3 CWSM - With Special Reference to Coastal Embankments and Its Erosion Control -- 6.4 CWSM - With Special Reference to Joint Coastal Forest Management -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Present Status, Challenges and Management of the Japanese Coastal Zone Environment -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FACTS ABOUT THE JAPANESE COASTLINE -- 3. MAJOR CONCERNS OF JAPANESE COAST -- 3.1 Sea Level Rise and Climate Change -- 3.2 Eco-hydrological Conditions -- 3.3 Anthropogenic Utilization and Their Impact -- 3.4 Disaster Situation and Their Prevention -- 4. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN -- 4.1 Legal Framework of Coastal Management -- 4.2 Integrated Coastal Zone Management-Concept -- 4.3 ICZM Practices in Japan -- 4.4 Challenges for Integrated Coastal Zone Management -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES. , 6 Integrating Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Models for Decision Support Systems and Management of Coastal Zones and Estuaries -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STUDY AREA -- 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3.1 Mixing/flow Dynamics -- 3.2 Spatially Distributed Hydrologic Forcing -- 3.3 Calibration, Validation/Verification with a Case Study -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Creation of System "Delta-Sea" as a Basis of Ecosystem Approach to the Management of Large Aral Sea's Coastal Zone -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOUTHERN PREARALIE: DEVELOPING SITUATION -- 2.1 Basic Results of Researches Carried Out and Suggestions for Aral Sea's Survival -- 2.2 Eternal Russian Question: What to do? -- 3. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 2 Coastal Zone Water Resources (Quantity and Quality): Challenges for Sustainability -- 8 Critical Evaluation of the Recent Development and Trends in Submarine Groundwater Discharge Research in Asia -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND DRIVERS -- 3. ESTIMATION OF THE MAGNITUDE OF SGD -- 3.1 Investigations from the Land Side -- 3.2 Investigations from the Sea Side -- 3.3 Indirect Indicators of SGD -- 3.4 Mixing Near the Sea Shore -- 4. IMPORTANCE OF SGD IN ASIAN OUTLOOK -- 5. CURRENT STATUS OF SGD RESEARCH IN ASIA -- 5.1 Japan -- 5.2 Korea -- 5.3 India -- 5.4 Bangladesh -- 5.5 Thailand -- 5.6 China -- 6. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 7. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 9 Influence of Climate Factors on the Groundwater Resources of Coastal Tamilnadu -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Study Area -- 1.2 Quaternary Formations -- 1.3 Depth to Water Table -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 3. HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY -- 3.1 Tritium -- 3.2 Geochemical Nature -- 3.3 18O -- 3.4 13C -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 10 Natural Arsenic in Coastal Groundwaters in the Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India -- 1. INTRODUCTION. , 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1 pH, Redox and Major Ion Characteristics -- 3.2 Distribution of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese and DOC -- 3.3 Relationship between the Key Water Quality Parameters with Redox Sensitive Elements -- 3.4 Statistical Evaluation of the Data -- 3.4.1 Factor 1 -- 3.4.2 Factor 2 -- 3.4.3 Factor 3 -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Chemical Composition and Origin of the Coastal Zone Thermal Springs in Far East Russia -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3. STUDY AREA -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1 Major Ions -- 4.2 Trace Elements -- 4.2.1 Siderophile Elements -- 4.2.2 Chalcophile Elements -- 4.2.3 Lithophile Group -- 4.2.4 Rare-earth Elements (REE) -- 4.3 Gas Composition -- 4.4 Origin of Thermal Waters -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 3 Biodiversity of Coastal Zones and Its Sustainability -- 12 Organic Matter and Mangrove Productivity -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES AND SINKS -- 3. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER -- 3.1 Atomic C:N Ratio and Stable Carbon Isotopes -- 3.2 Molecular Biomarkers -- 4. OUTWELLING AND TRANSPORT OF MANGROVE ORGANIC MATTER -- 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 13 Influence of Terrestrial Inputs on Mangrove and Coral Reef: Primary Productivity of the Andaman Islands -- 1. BACKGROUND -- 2. STUDY AREA -- Mangrove Forests of the Andaman Islands -- Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Andaman Islands -- Significance of the Terrestrial and Coastal Ecosystems -- Mineralization and Immobilization -- 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Sampling of Surface Water -- Sediment Denitrification -- Primary Productivity -- Leaf Litter C:N Estimation -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1 Spatial Variations -- 4.2 Denitrification -- 4.3 SEDIMENT CARBON AND NITROGEN -- 4.4 Primary Productivity. , 4.5 Leaf Litter C:N Analysis -- 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 14 Dissolved Metal Distribution in Indian Mangrove Ecosystem: Case Studies from East Coast of India -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 4 Threats to Coastal Aquatic Ecosystems: Developmental and Sustainability Issues -- 15 Shrimp Culture: Trend, Consequences and Sustainability in the South-western Coastal Region of Bangladesh -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CURRENT STATE OF SHRIMP CULTURE -- 3. THE TRENDS -- 3.1 Trends in the Changes of Land-use Pattern -- 3.2 Trends in Employment Pattern -- 3.3 Trends in Yield, Export and Earnings -- 3.4 Trends in Local Supply Chain -- 4. THE CONSEQUENCES -- 4.1 Consequences on the Physical Environment -- 4.2 Consequences on the Biological Environment -- 4.3 Societal and Economic Consequences -- 5. THE BLUE REVOLUTION: A REALITY CHECK -- 6. THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS -- 7. THE MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: POLICY AND LEGAL ISSUES -- 8. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 16 Role of Sand Dunes and Mangroves in the Mitigation of Coastal Hazards with Reference to 2004 Tsunami -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SAND DUNES -- 2.1 Sand Dunes Saved the Villages -- 2.2 Saving the Sand Dunes -- 2.2.1 Dune Grass Planting -- 2.2.2 Dune Thatching -- 2.2.3 Sand Bag Structures -- 2.2.4 Public Awareness and Community-based Participation -- 3. MANGROVES -- 3.1 Causes of Depletion -- 3.2 Mangroves - Life Saving Role -- 3.3 Protecting Mangroves -- 4. MODEL PLAN -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 17 Assessment of Potential Health Risk through Arsenic Flow in FoodChain-A Study in Gangetic Delta of West Bengal -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1 Teflon Bomb Digestion of Vegetable and Crop Samples -- 2.2 Sample Analysis -- 3. RESULTS. , 3.1 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Cereals and Pulses.