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  • Wiley  (38)
  • Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt  (26)
  • MDPI  (11)
  • 2020-2023  (13)
  • 2015-2019  (62)
  • 1
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    Modelling climate change impacts on marine fish populations: process-based integration of ocean warming, acidification and other environmental drivers (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, pp. n/a-n/a, ISSN: 14672960
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-10
    Beschreibung: Global climate change affects marine fish through drivers such as ocean warming, acidification and oxygen depletion, causing changes in marine ecosystems and socioeconomic impacts. While experimental and observational results can inform about anticipated effects of different drivers, linking between these results and ecosystem-level changes requires quantitative integration of physiological and ecological processes into models to advance research and inform management. We give an overview of important physiological and ecological processes affected by environmental drivers. We then provide a review of available modelling approaches for marine fish, analysing their capacities for process-based integration of environmental drivers. Building on this, we propose approaches to advance important research questions. Examples of integration of environmental drivers exist for each model class. Recent extensions of modelling frameworks increase the potential for including detailed mechanisms and improving model projections. Experimental results on energy allocation, behaviour and physiological limitations will advance the understanding of organism-level trade-offs and thresholds in response to multiple drivers. More explicit representation of life cycles and biological traits can improve description of population dynamics and adaptation, and data on food web topology and feeding interactions help to detail the conditions for possible regime shifts. Identification of relevant processes will also benefit the coupling of different models to investigate spatial–temporal changes in stock productivity and integrated responses of social–ecological systems. Thus, a more process-informed foundation for models will promote the integration of experimental and observational results and increase the potential for model-based extrapolations into a future under changing environmental conditions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 2
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    Diverse effects of invasive ecosystem engineers on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functions - a global review and meta-analysis (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 24 (3). pp. 906-924.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: Invasive ecosystem engineers (IEE) are potentially one of the most influential types of biological invaders. They are expected to have extensive ecological impacts by altering the physical–chemical structure of ecosystems, thereby changing the rules of existence for a broad range of resident biota. To test the generality of this expectation, we used a global systematic review and meta-analysis to examine IEE effects on the abundance of individual species and communities, biodiversity (using several indices) and ecosystem functions, focusing on marine and estuarine environments. We found that IEE had a significant effect (positive and negative) in most studies testing impacts on individual species, but the overall (cumulative) effect size was small and negative. Many individual studies showed strong IEE effects on community abundance and diversity, but the direction of effects was variable, leading to statistically non-significant overall effects in most categories. In contrast, there was a strong overall effect on most ecosystem functions we examined. IEE negatively affected metabolic functions and primary production, but positively affected nutrient flux, sedimentation and decomposition. We use the results to develop a conceptual model by highlighting pathways whereby IEE impact communities and ecosystem functions, and identify several sources of research bias in the IEE-related invasion literature. Only a few of the studies simultaneously quantified IEE effects on community/diversity and ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how IEE may alter biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships should be a primary focus of future studies of invasion biology. Moreover, the clear effects of IEE on ecosystem functions detected in our study suggest that scientists and environmental managers ought to examine how the effects of IEE might be manifested in the services that marine ecosystems provide to humans.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14007
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    OceanRep: Artikel in einer Fachzeitschrift - begutachtet
  • 3
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    Environmental and trait variability constrain community structure and the biodiversity‐productivity relationship (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology, Wiley, 97(6), pp. 1463-1474, ISSN: 0012-9658
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-22
    Beschreibung: There is still considerable debate about which mechanisms drive the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF). Although most scientists agree on the existence of two underlying mechanisms, complementarity and selection, experimental studies keep producing contrasting results on the relative contributions of the two effects. We present a spatially explicit resource competition model and investigate how the strength of these effects is influenced by trait and environmental variability, resource distribution, and species pool size. Our results demonstrate that the increase of biomass production with increasing species numbers depends on the concurrence of environmental and trait variability: BEF relationships are stronger if functionally different species coexist in a landscape with heterogeneous resource supply. These large biodiversity effects arise from complementarity effects, whereas selection effects are maximized when broad trait ranges coincide with narrow ranges of resource supply ratios. Our results will therefore help to resolve the debate on complementarity and selection mechanisms.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Hydrological and environmental variables outperform spatial factors in structuring species, trait composition, and beta diversity of pelagic algae (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution, 8 (5). pp. 2947-2961.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: There has been increasing interest in algae-based bioassessment, particularly, trait-based approaches are increasingly suggested. However, the main drivers, especially the contribution of hydrological variables, of species composition, trait composition, and beta diversity of algae communities are less studied. To link species and trait composition to multiple factors (i.e., hydrological variables, local environmental variables, and spatial factors) that potentially control species occurrence/abundance and to determine their relative roles in shaping species composition, trait composition, and beta diversities of pelagic algae communities, samples were collected from a German lowland catchment, where a well-proven ecohydrological modeling enabled to predict long-term discharges at each sampling site. Both trait and species composition showed significant correlations with hydrological, environmental, and spatial variables, and variation partitioning revealed that the hydrological and local environmental variables outperformed spatial variables. A higher variation of trait composition (57.0%) than species composition (37.5%) could be explained by abiotic factors. Mantel tests showed that both species and trait-based beta diversities were mostly related to hydrological and environmental heterogeneity with hydrological contributing more than environmental variables, while purely spatial impact was less important. Our findings revealed the relative importance of hydrological variables in shaping pelagic algae community and their spatial patterns of beta diversities, emphasizing the need to include hydrological variables in long-term biomonitoring campaigns and biodiversity conservation or restoration. A key implication for biodiversity conservation was that maintaining the instream flow regime and keeping various habitats among rivers are of vital importance. However, further investigations at multispatial and temporal scales are greatly needed.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3903
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Urban environmental protection international : stock-taking and outlook ; final report (2021)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The aim of this study is to contribute to a learning process about innovative and successful approaches to overcoming problems and challenges of urban environmental protection. To this end, a detailed overview of the importance of environmental challenges, political priorities and successful solutions in selected countries and cities is given. Based on this, the study analyzes specific success factors and discusses the extent to which these can be transferred and replicated to other cities. Finally, recommendations are made for cities, countries and the international community on how environmental protection at the urban level can be further strengthened. The role of German cities and institutions will also be discussed. The case studies analyzed include Belo Horizonte in Brazil, Moscow in Russia, Kochi in India, Beijing in China, Cape Town in South Africa and Jakarta in Indonesia. These cities were selected because they have already implemented successful policies, measures and other initiatives in the past. For each city, the study analyzes relevant policy documents in order to present the respective challenges and political priorities. The analysis aims to understand the effectiveness of the plans and instruments taking into account the national political environment. Despite the cross-sectoral approach, the analysis of each case study focuses on specific sectors in order to produce well-founded results. The success factors that are worked out based on this sectoral analysis are placed in a holistic context in order to be able to make generalizable statements about success factors.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 6
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    Offset approaches in existing compliance mechanisms : adding value and upholding environmental integrity? (2022)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-15
    Beschreibung: The objective of this report is to use historical analysis to identify conditions that determine when offsets add value to compliance schemes while upholding environmental integrity. The indicators of success include: increased acceptance of introducing compliance schemes; raising ambition in subsequent compliance periods; the possibility to drive emission reductions outside the compliance sectors; promoting investments in sustainable development; and avoiding perverse incentives that undermine the stringency of the compliance scheme or compliance actors’ efforts in reducing their own emissions. Through undertaking in-depth case study analyzes on the effects of offsets in the European Union, Alberta, Australia, Colombia and Japan, the report identifies common conditions that explain why offsets were successful (or not) in achieving individual indicators. The report further identifies two common conditions that can help explain when offsets achieve all five indicators of success. The first is that policymakers need to be willing to design the compliance scheme to set and maintain a strong compliance price signal that justifies the need for incorporating cost containment measures, such as offsets, to avert negative political and economic ramifications. Relatedly, the second condition requires institutions, processes and infrastructure that govern both the compliance scheme and offsets to be well developed so that they can ensure offsets uphold the principles of environmental integrity, achieve sustainable development benefits, and act as a reliable cost containment measure to high compliance prices. The findings also highlight how difficult it is to achieve both conditions, as both domestic and international political economy factors determine whether policymakers and voters are willing to introduce and maintain compliance schemes that deliver effective action on climate.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 7
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    Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change-A review (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 24 (6). pp. 2239-2261.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers and by diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered by climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Hence, identifying the influences of multifaceted ocean change, from local to global scales, is a complex task. To guide policy-making and make projections of the future of the marine biosphere, it is essential to understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary and ecological levels. Here, we contrast and compare different approaches to multiple driver experiments that aim to elucidate biological responses to a complex matrix of ocean global change. We present the benefits and the challenges of each approach with a focus on marine research, and guidelines to navigate through these different categories to help identify strategies that might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental evolutionary biology and community ecology. Our review reveals that the field of multiple driver research is being pulled in complementary directions: the need for reductionist approaches to obtain process-oriented, mechanistic understanding and a requirement to quantify responses to projected future scenarios of ocean change. We conclude the review with recommendations on how best to align different experimental approaches to contribute fundamental information needed for science-based policy formulation.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14102
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    The challenges of assessing "collective progress" : design options for an effective global stocktake process under the UNFCCC ; final report (2021)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The Paris Agreement combines collective goals with individual countries' contributions. This hybrid approach does not guarantee that the individual contributions add up to what is required to meet the collective goals. The Paris Agreement therefore established the Global Stocktake. Its task is to "assess collective progress" towards achieving the long-term goals of the agreement as of 2023 and every five years thereafter. Corresponding to this role, this report addresses three questions: What should an effective Global Stocktake look like? What information and data are needed? Is it possible to execute an effective Global Stocktake within the mandate of the Paris Agreement?
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 9
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    What makes an ideal global stocktake? : A functional analysis ; discussion paper (2018)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Many hope that the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement can become a catalyst for increased mitigation ambition over time. Based on different theories of change, this paper outlines four governance functions for the Global Stocktake. It can contribute to the Paris Agreement as a pacemaker (stimulating and synchronizing policy processes across governance levels), by ensuring accountability of Parties, by enhancing ambition through benchmarks for action and transformative learning, and by reiterating and refining the guidance and signal provided from the Paris Agreement. The paper further outlines process- and information-related preconditions that would enable an ideal Global Stocktake.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 10
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    Research Data Management Training for Geographers: First Impressions (2016)
    MDPI
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 5 (4). p. 40.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-01
    Beschreibung: Sharing and secondary analysis of data have become increasingly important for research. Especially in geography, the collection of digital data has grown due to technological changes. Responsible handling and proper documentation of research data have therefore become essential for funders, publishers and higher education institutions. To achieve this goal, universities offer support and training in research data management. This article presents the experiences of a pilot workshop in research data management, especially for geographers. A discipline-specific approach to research data management training is recommended. The focus of this approach increases researchers’ interest and allows for more specific guidance. The instructors identified problems and challenges of research data management for geographers. In regards to training, the communication of benefits and reaching the target groups seem to be the biggest challenges. Consequently, better incentive structures as well as communication channels have to be established.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi5040040
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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