Note: Front Cover -- Assessing the Environmental Impact of Textiles and the Clothing Supply Chain -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author contact details -- Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles -- 1: The textile supply chain and its environmental impact -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The textile supply chain: an overview -- 1.3 The production of natural fi bres -- 1.4 The production of synthetic fi bres -- 1.5 Spinning -- 1.6 Fabric manufacture -- 1.7 Finishing processes -- 1.8 Apparel manufacture -- 1.9 Distribution and retail -- 1.10 Usage and disposal -- 1.11 Summary: key challenges in assessing and reducing environmental impacts -- 1.12 Sources of further information and advice -- 1.13 References -- 2: Ways of measuring the environmental impact of textile processing: an overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ways of measuring the environmental impact of textile processing and textile products -- 2.3 Environmental legislation relating to textiles -- 2.4 Current environmental standards and schemes in the industry -- 2.5 Summary: key methods reviewed in this book -- 2.6 Sources of further information and advice -- 2.7 References -- 3: Textile processing and greenhouse gas emissions: methods for calculating the product carbon footprint (PCF) of textile products -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The main principles of carbon footprint measurement -- 3.3 Carbon footprint assessment methodology -- 3.4 Applications of product carbon footprint (PCF) assessment to key stages in the supply chain -- 3.5 Application of PCF assessment in textiles -- 3.6 Summary: key challenges in calculating the PCF in textiles -- 3.7 Sources of further information and advice -- 3.8 References -- 4: Calculating the water and energy footprints of textile products -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Water footprints: an introduction -- 4.3 Methods for assessing water footprints. , 4.4 Applications of water footprint assessment to key stages in the textile supply chain -- 4.5 Energy footprints: introduction and methods of assessment -- 4.6 Applications of energy footprint assessment to key stages in the textile supply chain -- 4.7 Summary: key challenges in calculating water and energy footprints -- 4.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 4.9 References -- 5: Textile processing and resource depletion: calculating the ecological footprint of textile products -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Main principles and methods -- 5.3 Application to key stages in the supply chain -- 5.4 Summary: key challenges in calculating ecological footprints (EFs) in textiles -- 5.5 Sources of further information and advice -- 5.6 References -- 6: Estimating the overall environmental impact of textile processing: life cycle assessment (LCA) of textile products -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History of life cycle assessment (LCA) -- 6.3 Basic principles of LCA -- 6.4 LCA goal and scope defi nition -- 6.5 Life cycle inventory analysis -- 6.6 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) -- 6.7 Life cycle interpretation -- 6.8 Standards for LCA -- 6.9 Different LCA methods -- 6.10 Different LCIA methods -- 6.11 Tools for calculation of LCAs -- 6.12 Advantages and limitations of LCA -- 6.13 Summary -- 6.14 Sources of further information and advice -- 6.15 References -- 7: Life cycle assessment (LCA) and product carbon footprint (PCF) modelling of textile products -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modelling for product carbon footprint (PCF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of textile products -- 7.3 Available databases for LCA and PCF modelling of textiles and the clothing supply chain -- 7.4 Key issues in using databases -- 7.5 Diffi culties in modelling and simulation -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 Sources of further information and advice -- 7.8 References. , 8: End-of-life management of textile products -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 End-of-life product management options -- 8.3 Reuse of textile products -- 8.4 Recycling of textile products -- 8.5 Incineration and landfi lling of textile products -- 8.6 Biodegradation of textile products -- 8.7 Summary -- 8.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 8.9 References -- 9: Measuring the environmental impact of textiles in practice: calculating the product carbon footprint (PCF) and life cycle assess -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cotton clothing: life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of T-shirts -- 9.3 Cotton clothing: LCA studies of jeans -- 9.4 Woollen clothing: LCA study of a sweater -- 9.5 Synthetic clothing: LCA studies of polyester garments -- 9.6 Linen textiles: LCA of a linen shirt -- 9.7 Technical textiles: LCA studies of medical textile products -- 9.8 Nonwovens: LCA studies of nappies (diapers) -- 9.9 Summary -- 9.10 Sources of further information and advice -- 9.11 References -- 10: Assessing the environmental impact of textiles: summary and conclusions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Which assessment methods to use and when -- 10.3 Current problems in environmental assessment -- 10.4 Future trends -- 10.5 Sources of further information and advice -- 10.6 References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Basic Introduction to Shopping Bags and Eco-Functional Assessment of Shopping Bags -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.2…Shopping Bags-Different Types and Purposes -- 1.3…Eco-Impacts of Shopping Bags -- 1.4…Functionality of Shopping Bags -- 1.5…Eco-Functional Assessment of Shopping Bags -- 1.6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Manufacturing Processes of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Plastic Bags -- 2.3…Paper Bags -- 2.4…Nonwoven Bags -- 2.5…Woven Bags -- 2.6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Life Cycle Assessment of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 3.1…Introduction -- 3.2…Concept of Life Cycle Assessment -- 3.3…Environmental Impact Assessment of Raw Materials used for the Production of Shopping Bags -- 3.3.1 Details of Stage 1 -- 3.3.1.1 Amount of Oxygen Produced/CO2 Emitted -- 3.3.1.2 Renewable Resources Utilisation -- 3.3.1.3 Land Use -- 3.3.1.4 Usage of Synthetic Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 3.3.1.5 Fibre Recyclability and Biodegradability -- 3.3.2 Details of Stage 2 -- 3.3.2.1 Artificial Energy Needs -- 3.3.2.2 Water Requirements -- 3.3.2.3 CO2 Emission from Fibres (Cradle to Gate of Fiber) -- 3.3.3 Stage 3 -- 3.4…Environmental Impact Assessment of Manufacturing Processes of Shopping Bags -- 3.4.1 Life Cycle Assessment of Nonwoven Shopping Bags -- 3.5…Life Cycle Assessment of Shopping Bags: Manual Calculation of LCA Values for Chinese Factors -- 3.5.1 Life Cycle Inventory Details -- 3.5.2 Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 3.5.2.1 Characterisation -- 3.5.2.2 Normalization -- 3.5.3 Verification of Results with SIMAPRO 7.2 -- 3.6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Assessment of Functional Aspects of Shopping Bags -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…Different Functional Aspects of Shopping Bags -- 4.2.1 Material Composition -- 4.2.1.1 Standards for Material Composition Test. , 4.2.2 Physical, Mechanical and Dimensional Properties -- 4.2.3 Safety Properties -- 4.3…Assessment of Functional Aspects of Shopping Bags -- 4.3.1 Strength Properties -- 4.3.2 Dimensional Properties and Fibre Composition -- 4.3.3 Permeability Tests -- 4.3.4 Safety Tests -- 4.3.5 Colour Fastness Tests -- 4.4…Reusability Assessment: Development of Eco-Functional Tester -- 4.4.1 Assessment of Eco-Functional Properties -- 4.4.2 Experimentation of Eco-Functional Properties of Shopping Bags -- 4.4.2.1 Weight Holding Capacity -- 4.4.2.2 Reusability -- 4.4.2.3 Impact Strength -- 4.5…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Consumption Behaviour of Shopping Bags and Eco-Impact -- 5.1…Introduction -- 5.2…Consumption Behaviour and its Influence on Environmental Impacts Made by Grocery Shopping Bags -- 5.3…Consumer Attitude/Behaviour in Various Countries towards the Use and Disposal of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 5.3.1 Reuse, Recycle, Disposal to Landfill Responses from Respondents -- 5.4…Consumption Behaviour and Eco-Impact: Modelling of Life Cycle Impacts -- 5.4.1 Carbon Footprint of all Types of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 5.5…Before and After Plastic Bags Ban in Various Countries: Results of Life Cycle Assessment Modelling -- 5.6…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 End-of-Life Assessment of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…Reuse and Impacts -- 6.3…Recycle and Impacts -- 6.4…Incineration and Landfill Impacts -- 6.5…Biodegradation of Shopping Bags -- 6.5.1 Soil Burial Test of Grocery Shopping Bags -- 6.6…Recyclability Index of Different Raw Materials used for Manufacturing Grocery Shopping Bags -- 6.6.1 Basic Concept of Recyclability Potential Index -- 6.6.2 Quantification of Recyclability Potential Index of Raw Materials Used for Shopping Bags -- 6.7…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7 Eco-Functional Assessment of Grocery Shopping Bags. , 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Concept of Eco-Functional Assessment -- 7.3…Development of Theoretical Framework of Eco-Functional Assessment -- 7.4…Development of Eco-Functional Model -- 7.5…Modelling and Simulation of Eco-Functional Assessment -- 7.5.1 Values of Inputs -- 7.5.2 Input and Output Variables Linking -- 7.6…Derivation of Eco-Functional Index -- 7.7…Eco-Functional Assessment -- 7.8…Results and Interpretation of Eco-Functional Assessment -- 7.9…Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 Conclusions -- Annexure -- Author Biographies.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products in Canada -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview -- 2.1 Canadian Agriculture -- 2.2 Main Agricultural Sources and Sinks of GHGs -- 2.3 Measurement Techniques -- 2.4 Modeling GHG Emissions -- 3 GHG Emissions from the Agriculture Sector in Canada -- 3.1 Magnitude of the GHG Emissions from the Agriculture Sector -- 3.2 Soil Carbon in Agricultural Soils -- 3.3 The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products -- 3.4 GHG Emission Indicator Suite -- 4 Reducing GHG Emissions and Energy Production -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Extreme Inequality and Carbon Footprint of Spanish Households -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Calculation of Gini Coefficients and Palma Ratio -- 2.2 Environmental Footprint of the Extreme Inequality -- 2.3 Regression Analysis -- 2.4 Data Description -- 3 Empirical Results -- 3.1 Relative Measure of the Extreme Inequality in the Carbon Footprint -- 3.2 Inequality and Carbon Footprint: A Regression Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Software for Calculation of Carbon Footprint for Residential Buildings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 OERCO2 Project -- 2.2 OERCO2 Software Tool -- 3 Case Studies -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Carbon Footprints of Agriculture Sector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Components of Agriculture and Their Contribution in Carbon Footprint -- 4 Mitigation Strategies -- 5 Models to Estimate Carbon Footprint -- 6 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editor -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Science of Carbon Footprint Assessment -- Chapter 2: Challenges and Merits of Choosing Alternative Functional Units -- Chapter 3: Methodology for Carbon Footprint Calculation in Crop and Livestock Production -- Chapter 4: End of Life Scenarios and the Carbon Footprint of Wood Cladding -- Chapter 5: Carbon Footprints and Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings of Alternative Synthetic Biofuels -- Chapter 6: Issues in Making Food Production GHG Efficient : Challenges before Carbon Footprinting -- Chapter 7: Modeling the Carbon Footprint of Wood-Based Products and Buildings -- Chapter 8: Applications of Carbon Footprint in Urban Planning and Geography -- Chapter 9: Quantifying Spatial-Temporal Variability of Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Urban Soils : From Local Monitoring to Regional Modeling -- Chapter 10: Urban Carbon Footprint Evaluation of a Central Chinese City : The Case of Zhengzhou City -- Chapter 11: Carbon Footprint Estimation from a Building Sector in India -- Chapter 12: The Carbon Footprint of Dwelling Construction in Spain -- Chapter 13: Carbon Footprint : Calculations and Sensitivity Analysis for Cow Milk Produced in Flanders, a Belgian Region -- Chapter 14: Digitizing the Assessment of Embodied Energy and Carbon Footprint of Buildings Using Emerging Building Information Modeling -- Chapter 15: Product Carbon Footprint : Case Study of a Critical Electronic Part (Subassembly of a Product) -- Chapter 16: GHG Emissions from Municipal Wastewater Treatment in Latin America -- Chapter 17: Carbon Footprint of the Operation and Products of a Restaurant : A Study and Alternative Perspectives -- Chapter 18: Cultivation of Microalgae : Implications for the Carbon Footprint of Aquaculture and Agriculture Industries -- Chapter 19: Carbon Footprint of Agricultural Products. , Chapter 20: The Carbon Footprint of Sugar Production in Eastern Batangas, Philippines -- Chapter 21: A Two-Phase Carbon Footprint Management Framework : A Case Study on the Rockwool Supply Chain -- Chapter 22: Product Carbon Footprint Estimation of a Ton of Paper : Case Study of a Paper Production Unit in West Bengal, India -- Chapter 23: Product Carbon Footprint Assessment of a Personal Electronic Product : Case Study of an Electronic Scale -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Cubreme® and Sustainable Value Creation: A Diagnosis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Understanding "Sustainable Fashion" -- 4 Creating Sustainable Value -- 4.1 The Creation of Value -- 4.2 Global Drivers for Sustainability -- 4.3 The Sustainable Value Structure: Connecting Drivers with Strategies -- 4.3.1 Growing Profits and Reducing Risk Through Pollution Prevention -- 4.3.2 Enhancing Reputation and Legitimacy Through Product Stewardship -- 4.3.3 Market Innovation Through New Technologies -- 4.3.4 Crystallizing the Growth Path Through the Sustainability Vision -- 4.4 A Tool for Diagnosis -- 5 Cubreme® -- 6 Creating Sustainable Value in Cubreme: Diagnosis and Conclusions -- References -- Facets of Indigo: Combining Traditional Dye Methods with State-of-the-Art Digital Print Technology, A Sustainable Design Case -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 BackgroundContext -- 2 Importance of Indigo -- 2.1 Indigo Properties and Process -- 2.2 Natural Versus Synthetic Indigo -- 3 Textile Industry Environmental Impacts -- 3.1 Pollution and Effluents -- 3.2 Textile Industry Innovations: Digital Printing -- 4 Collaboration -- 4.1 Collaboration in the Apparel Industry -- 4.2 Collaboration in the Creative Scholarship of Apparel Design -- 5 Theoretical Framework -- 5.1 The Design Process -- 5.2 Discover -- 5.3 Define -- 5.3.1 Develop -- 5.4 Deliver -- 6 Reflections -- 7 Mapping and Compositing Our Process -- 7.1 Benefits and Limitations -- References -- Understanding Consumer Behavior in the Sustainable Clothing Market: Model Development and Verification -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Consumer Behavior Models: Theoretical Background -- 3 Theoretical Model of Consumer Behavior in the Sustainable Clothing Market: Relationship Between Consumer and Manufacturer. , 4 Production of Sustainable Clothing: Supply Side of the Model -- 5 Barriers, Perceived Risk, and Uncertainties -- 6 Consumer Behavior Towards Sustainable Clothing-The Demand Side of the Model -- 7 Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Concern -- 8 Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (PCE) -- 9 Factors Indicated by the Theory of Attitude-Behavior Relationships -- 9.1 Intentions -- 9.2 Attitudes -- 9.3 Subjective Norms -- 9.4 Perceived Behavioral Control -- 10 Openness to Company's CSR Communication-Recognizability of Eco-Labels -- 11 Shopping Habits and Apparel Selection Criteria -- 12 Sociodemographic Factors -- 12.1 Education -- 12.2 Income -- 13 The Empirical Verification of the Demand Side of the Model -- 14 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses -- 15 Methods -- 15.1 Survey and Sample -- 16 Methodology and Analytical Procedures -- 17 Conceptualization and Operationalization of the Empirical Submodel's Variables -- 17.1 Shopping Habits and Apparel Selection Criteria -- 18 Openness to Companies' CSR Communication-Recognizability of Ecological and Social Labels -- 19 Consumers' Willingness to Pay a Premium for Sustainable Clothing and to Buy Sustainable Clothing -- 20 Results -- 20.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis -- 21 Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Measurement Model -- 22 Structural Model and Hypothesis Testing Results -- 23 Discussion -- 24 Conclusions -- 25 Limitation and Future Research -- References -- The Feasibility of Large-Scale Composting of Waste Wool -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Compost Site -- 3.2 Wool Waste -- 3.3 Compost Mixtures -- 3.4 Compost Pile Monitoring -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Compost Pile Progression -- 4.2 Compost Quality Test -- 4.3 Implications of Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Do as You Would Be Done by: The Importance of Animal Welfare in the Global Beauty Care Industry. , Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Ethical and Environmental Consumerism -- 2.2 Ethical Issues in the Global Beauty Care Industry -- 3 Conceptual Model -- 3.1 Personality Factors -- 3.2 Context-Related Factors -- 3.3 Related Outcomes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Value Generation Through Post-retail Initiatives: An Exploratory Study of Slow and Fast Fashion Businesses -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fast and Slow Fashion Business Models -- 3 Sustainable Business Models in Post-retail -- 4 Strategies for Sustainable Value Generation in Post-retail -- 5 Driving Factor 1: Resource-Efficient Reverse Logistics for Closing the Material Loop -- 6 Driving Factor 2: Extended Organizational Responsibility for Closing the Liability Loop -- 7 Empirical Study -- 8 Post-retail Initiatives and Underlying Business Models -- 8.1 Key Activities in Post-retail Initiatives -- 8.2 Customer Value Proposition (CVP) of Post-retail Initiatives -- 8.3 Revenue Generation from Post-retail Initiatives -- 9 Post-retail Initiatives and Closing the Loop -- 9.1 Closing the Material Loop by Displacing New Purchase -- 9.2 Closing the Liability Loop Through Extended Organizational Responsibility (EOR) -- 10 Brand Positioning: Are the Fast Fashion Businesses "Stuck in the Middle"? -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- Hanji, the Mulberry Paper Yarn, Rejuvenates Nature and the Sustainable Fashion Industry of Korea -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definition of Sustainability -- 1.2 Impact of Apparel Industry on Environment -- 1.3 What Is a Sustainable Firm? -- 1.3.1 Corporate Social Responsibility -- 1.3.2 Green Supply Chain Management -- 1.3.3 Eco-design -- 1.4 Natural Materials and Hanji Yarn -- 1.5 The Purpose of the Case Study -- 2 Use of Mulberry Products -- 3 How Hanji Yarn Is Manufactured -- 3.1 Historical Footnotes of Hanji Paper. , 3.2 Raw Materials of Hanji Yarn -- 3.3 Hanji Yarn Manufacturing Processes -- 3.3.1 Paper-Making Process -- 3.3.2 Preparation of Hanji Tape Yarn -- 3.3.3 Preparation of Paper Yarn -- 3.3.4 WeavingKnitting Process of Paper Yarn -- 3.3.5 Natural Dyeing -- 4 Advantages for Hanji Yarn -- 4.1 For the Environment -- 4.2 For Consumers -- 4.2.1 Antimicrobial Activity -- 4.2.2 Wearing Comfort -- 4.2.3 Promotion of Health -- 4.2.4 Textile Aesthetics -- 4.3 For Apparel Companies -- 5 Current Business State of Hanji Yarn in the Fashion Industry -- 5.1 Manufacturers -- 5.2 Research Institution (Korea Institute for Knit Industry) -- 5.3 Branded Companies -- 5.4 Governmental Support -- 6 Future of Hanji Yarn in the Apparel Industry -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Production Processes in Textile Dyeing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Fiber -- 3 Dyeing Process -- 3.1 Preparatory Processes -- 3.1.1 Desizing -- 3.1.2 Scouring -- 3.1.3 Bleaching -- 3.1.4 Carbonizing -- 3.1.5 Degumming -- 3.1.6 Mercerization -- 4 Dyes -- 4.1 Acid Dyes -- 4.2 Basic Dyes -- 4.3 Direct Dyes -- 4.4 Mordant Dyes -- 4.5 Metal Complex Dyes -- 4.6 Reactive Dyes -- 4.7 Vat Dyes -- 4.8 Sulphur Dyes -- 4.9 Solubilized Vat Dyes -- 5 Influencing Factors for Dyeing Process -- 5.1 Pretreatment -- 5.2 Dye Concentration -- 5.3 Dyeing Condition -- 5.4 Dyeing Auxiliaries -- 5.5 Compatibility of Dyes -- 5.6 Mechanical Agitation -- 5.7 Quality of Water -- 5.8 Dyeing Methods -- 5.8.1 Exhaust Dyeing -- 5.8.2 Pad → Steam Dyeing -- 6 Environmental Impact of the Textile Dyeing Industry -- 7 Sustainable Dyeing -- 7.1 Materials -- 7.1.1 Fiber Substrate -- 7.1.2 Pretreatment -- Physical Pretreatment -- UV Radiation Treatment -- Low Temperature Plasma Treatment -- Ozone Treatment -- Gamma Radiation and Others -- Chemical Pretreatment -- Chitosan -- β-Cyclodextrin -- ColorZen -- Enzymes. , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- 7.1.3 Substrate -- Loose Fiber -- Yarn -- Fabric -- Garment -- Nonwoven -- 7.2 Dyes -- 7.2.1 Modified Dyes -- 7.2.2 Natural Dyes -- 7.2.3 Dyes with Excellent Fastness Properties -- 7.3 Dye Bath Additives -- 7.3.1 Protecting Agents -- 7.3.2 Leveling Agents -- 7.3.3 Liposomes -- 7.3.4 Reverse Micelle Medium -- 7.4 Dyeing Methods -- 7.4.1 Air Dyeing -- 7.4.2 Digital Printing -- 7.4.3 Hand Dyeing of Natural Dyes -- 7.4.4 Dyeing at Inert Atmosphere -- 7.4.5 Nano-Dye Process -- 7.4.6 Super-Critical Carbon Dioxide Dyeing -- 7.4.7 Microwave-Assisted Dyeing -- 7.4.8 Ultrasound-Assisted Dyeing -- 7.4.9 Electrochemical Dyeing -- 7.5 Machinery Development -- 7.6 Management -- 7.6.1 Right-First-Time Dyeing -- 7.6.2 Efficient Practices -- 7.6.3 Design-Stage Planning -- Design-Stage Planning for Processes -- Design-Stage Planning for Products -- 7.6.4 Dissemination of Standardized Methodology -- 7.6.5 Biofiltering of Wastewater -- 7.6.6 Smart Tailoring -- 7.6.7 Eco-Labeling -- 7.7 Education -- 8 Future Perspectives -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Developments in Sustainable Chemical Processing of Textiles -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Practices and Sustainability Issues in Textile Processing -- 2.1 Usage of Water -- 2.2 Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprints -- 2.3 Pollution Load and Waste Generation -- 3 Approaches for Sustainable Textile Processing -- 3.1 Enzymatic Techniques for Sustainable Textile Processing -- 3.1.1 Amylase Based Desizing Process -- 3.1.2 Enzyme Based Scouring Process for Cotton -- 3.1.3 Enzyme Based Shrinkproofing for Wool -- 3.1.4 Enzyme Treatment to Increase Dye Uptake -- 3.1.5 Catalase Enzyme Based Bleach Cleanup -- 3.1.6 Enzyme for Increasing Moisture Management Properties of Synthetic Fabrics -- 3.1.7 Denim Washing Using Enzymes -- 3.2 Use of Natural Eco-friendly Materials for Processing. , 3.2.1 Biosurfactants.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Carbon Footprint of Pipe Production Using Waste Plastics -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Plastics Pipe Manufacturing -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Case Study Selection -- 2.2 Production of Waste Plastic Pipes -- 2.3 Carbon Footprint Calculation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Plastic Pipe Production Process -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Enviro-Economic Assessment of Plastic Cell-Filled Concrete Pavement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Materials -- 2.1 Construction Materials -- 2.2 Environmental Assessment -- 2.3 Economic Assessment -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Environmental Assessment -- 3.2 Economic Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Carbon Footprint and Economic Assessment of LED Bulbs Recycling -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 An Economic LED Recycling Approach -- 2 Methods and Materials -- 2.1 LED Bulbs Characterisation -- 2.2 Recycling Process -- 2.3 Carbon Footprint -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Economic Assessment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- An Empirical Investigation of Waste Management and Ecological Footprints in OECD Countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Empirical Strategy -- 3.1 Empirical Model and Data -- 3.2 Methodology -- 4 Empirical Findings -- 5 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- References -- Ecological Footprint Assessment of e-Waste Recycling -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Categories of Appliances Generating e-Waste -- 1.2 Life Cycle Stages of e-Waste -- 1.3 Stages of e-Waste Recycling -- 1.4 Generation of e-Waste Globally -- 2 Methods and Materials -- 2.1 Ecological Footprint of e-Waste Recycling (EFER) -- 2.2 Economic Assessment -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 EF of Electricity Use -- 3.2 EF of Transportation -- 3.3 Water Use -- 3.4 Land -- 3.5 Labour -- 3.6 Economic Assessment -- 3.7 Global Ecological Footprint of e-Waste Recycling -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Ecological Footprint Assessment of Concrete Using e-Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Plain Cement Concrete with e-Waste Use -- 1.2 Procedure of Sample Preparation of Plain Cement Concrete -- 1.3 Limitation -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Ecological Footprint of Concrete (EFC) -- 2.2 Economic Assessment -- 2.3 Sustainable Recycling Index (SRI) -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Ecological Footprint of Concrete Manufacturing -- 3.2 Economic Assessment of Concrete -- 3.3 Sustainable Recycling Index (SRI) -- 3.4 Compressive Strength -- 4 Conclusions -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Handloom: Resistance to Time and Challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Handloom and Handcrafted Textile Practice Over Time -- 3 Case Study: Considerations About Product, Craftswomen, and Market -- 4 Considerations on Challenges and Possible Actions -- 5 Final Considerations -- References -- Honoring Artisanship Over Skilled Labor: The Solution to Sustaining Indian Handloom -- 1 Traditional Handloom in India Today -- 1.1 Handloom as Craft and Art -- 2 Case Studies -- 2.1 Case One: Value Through Education for Weavers of Kutch -- 2.2 Case Two: Kara Weaves, Challenging the Ordinary -- 3 Summary -- References -- Sustainable Carpet and Rug Hand Weaving in Uşak Province of Turkey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Hand Weaving -- 3 Carpet and Rug Hand Weaving -- 3.1 Kirkit Hand Weavings -- 3.2 Traditional Rug Hand Weavings -- 3.3 Traditional Carpet Hand Weavings -- 4 Patterns and Motifs Used in Turkish Hand-Woven Carpets and Rugs and Their Meanings -- 5 Rug and Carpet Hand Weaving in Uşak City -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development in the Handloom Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Outline of the Handloom Division -- 3 Swot Analysis of the Handloom Division -- 4 Employment Generating Sector -- 5 Distribution of Handloom Workers by Gender -- 6 Geographical Distribution of Handlooms -- 7 Current Status of the Handloom Industry in India -- 8 Important Aspects of Handloom Sector -- 9 Manpower Perspective -- 10 Machinery Perspective -- 11 Material Perspective -- 12 Market Perspective -- 13 Money Perspective -- 14 Approach for Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 15 Problems of Handloom Sector -- 16 Strategy Suitable for Handloom Sector -- 17 Rise of Handloom to a Global Industry -- 18 Challenges of Handloom Industry -- 19 Scenario of Handloom Industry During COVID-19 -- 20 Potency of the Handloom Industry. , 21 The Impact of e-commerce -- 22 Modernization in Handloom Sector -- 23 Sustainability of the Handloom Sector -- 24 Conclusion -- References -- Value Addition in Handloom Textile Products for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conclusion -- References -- My Loom and Me: The Role of the Handloom in a Weaver's Identity Creation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Handloom Weaving and the Identity Process -- 2.1 Identity Process -- 2.2 Social Sustainability and the Weavers -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Loom Equals Office Space -- 4.2 Loom as Part of Way of Life -- 4.3 Loom and Fear of Foreign Take Over -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Societal Sustainability of Handloom Sector in Tamil Nadu-A Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability Issues in the Handloom Industry -- 3 Survey and Research Method -- 3.1 Location and Sample Selection -- 3.2 Questionnaire Structure -- 4 Statistical Analysis -- 4.1 Henry Garett Ranking Technique -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Personal Information Analysis -- 5.2 Production-Related Problems -- 5.3 Weaver-Related Problems -- 5.4 Marketing-Related Problems -- 5.5 Health-Related Problems -- 6 Discussion on the Results -- 7 Limitations of the Study -- 8 Summary and Suggestion -- Appendix I: Questionnaire -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Unexplored Vegetable Fibre in Green Fashion -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction-History, Importance in Today's Scenario -- 2 Different Unexplored Fibres-Fashion Textiles -- 2.1 Jute -- 2.2 Sunnhemp -- 2.3 Ramie -- 2.4 Flax -- 2.5 Nettle -- 2.6 Pineapple Leaf Fibre -- 2.7 Coconut Fibre -- 2.8 Banana Fibre -- 2.9 Sisal -- 2.10 Hemp -- 2.11 Other Unpopular Plant Fibre -- 2.11.1 Okra Fibre -- 2.11.2 Kapok Fibre -- 2.11.3 Alfa Fibre -- 2.11.4 Khimp Fibre -- 3 Cultivation to Consumption-Consumption of Natural Resources, Shortcomings in Present Technology Used -- 3.1 Sunnhemp Fibre -- 3.2 Banana Fibre -- 3.2.1 Flax Fibre -- 3.3 Coconut Fibre -- 3.4 Sisal Fibre -- 3.5 Alfa Fibre -- 3.6 Ramie Fibre -- 3.7 Hemp -- 4 Conclusions and Expected Trends for Tomorrow -- References -- Relationship Marketing in Green Fashion-A Case Study of hessnatur -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Conceptual Framework for Relationship Marketing -- 2.1 Definition and Development -- 2.2 Communication -- 2.3 Stakeholder Theory -- 2.4 Relationship Marketing and SMEs -- 3 Literature Overview -- 4 A Case Study-hessnatur -- 4.1 Background Information -- 4.2 Online Blog -- 4.3 Client Council -- 4.4 Foundation for Applied Sustainability -- 5 Analytical Discussion -- 5.1 Online Blog -- 5.2 Client Council -- 5.3 Foundation for Applied Sustainability -- 5.4 Discussion and Summary -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Animal Ethics and Welfare in the Fashion and Lifestyle Industries -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 To Choose -- 1.2 Let's Go Back -- Animal Ethics and Welfare in the Fashion and Lifestyle Industries -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 To Choose -- 1.2 Let's Go Back -- 2 Animal Rights -- 3 Animal Welfare and Ethics -- 3.1 Definition of Animal Ethics -- 3.2 Definition of Animal Welfare -- 4 Utilitarianism, Rights Ethics, and Virtue Ethics. , 5 Peter Singer -- 6 Tom Regan -- 7 Rosalind Hursthouse -- 8 Environmental Impacts -- 8.1 Faux Fur and Skin -- 9 Tanning -- 9.1 Tanning Processes -- 10 Leather -- 10.1 Species Used for Leather Production -- 10.2 Surfaces and Finishes on Leather -- 10.3 Surface Treatment -- 10.4 Slaughtering Methods -- 10.5 Stunning -- 11 Fur -- 11.1 Wild Fur and Farmed Fur -- 11.2 Farmed Fur -- 11.3 Slaughtering Methods -- 11.4 Wild Fur -- 11.5 Trapping and Hunting -- 11.6 Leg Hold Traps -- 11.7 Drowning Sets -- 11.8 Conibear Traps -- 11.9 Risks -- 11.10 Wildlife Crop Control -- 11.11 Natives and Aboriginals -- 12 Wool -- 12.1 Which Animals Have Wool to Shear -- 12.2 Harvesting Wool Fiber -- 13 Feather Farms -- 13.1 Fashion Repeats Itself -- 14 Insects -- 15 Conclusion -- References -- Time for a Responsible Fashion Council? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fashion and Sustainability-An Overview -- 3 Current State of Regulations in the Fashion Industry Vis-à-Vis Sustainability -- 4 Existing Standards and Certifications in the Fashion Industry -- 5 Major Players in Fashion and Sustainability -- 6 Toward a Responsible Fashion Council -- Annex 1: Mapping of Major Players in Fashion and Sustainability -- Government-Led Initiatives -- Industry-Led Initiatives -- Multi-stakeholder Platforms -- References -- Innovation for a Sustainable Fashion Industry: A Design Focused Approach Toward the Development of New Business Models -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Need for a Sustainable Business Model in the Fashion Industry -- 3 A Sustainable Business Model for the Fashion Industry -- 3.1 Design Practice -- 3.2 Product Sustainability -- 3.3 Consumer Engagement -- 3.4 Sustainable Supply-Chain Management -- 3.5 Business Innovation -- 4 An Example on ISRD -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Green Flame Retardants for Textiles -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fire Science. , 3 Basis of Combustion Process -- 3.1 Thermal Behavior of Fibers -- 3.2 Factors Affecting the Flammability -- 3.3 Burning Behaviour of Textile Fibers -- 3.4 Heat-Protective Textiles (Hartin 2015 -- Scott 2000) -- 4 Flame Retardancy Theory and Mechanisms -- 4.1 Mode of Action of Flame Retardancy -- 4.1.1 The Physical Action -- Formation of a Protective Layer -- Cooling Effect -- Dilution Effect -- 4.1.2 Chemical Action -- Reaction in Gas (Vapour) Phase -- Reaction in Solid Phase -- 4.2 Early Historical Fire-Retardant Developments -- 4.2.1 Types of Flame Retardants -- Inorganic Flame Retardants -- Metal Hydroxides -- Antimony Compounds -- Boron Compounds -- Other Metal Compounds -- Phosphorus Compounds -- Other Inorganic Flame Retardants -- Halogenated Organic Flame Retardants -- Brominated Flame Retardants -- Chlorinated Flame Retardants -- Organo-Phosphorus Flame Retardants -- Non-halogenated Compounds -- Halogenated Phosphates -- Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants -- 5 Search for Durable Eco-friendly Flame Reatardants -- 5.1 Nano Technology -- 5.1.1 Nanoparticle Adsorption -- 5.1.2 Coatings from Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly -- 5.1.3 Sol-Gel Process -- 5.2 Natural Plant Extracts -- 5.3 Plasma Deposition -- 5.4 Bio Micro Molecules -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Potent Polyphenolic Natural Colorants Derived from Plants as Eco-friendly Raw Materials for the Dyeing Industry -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Acacia catechu -- 2.1 Phytochemistry and Coloring Compounds -- 3 Punica granatum -- 3.1 Phytochemistry and Dyeing Compounds -- 4 Terminalia chebula -- 4.1 Phytochemistry and Dyeing Properties -- 5 Quercus infectoria -- 5.1 Phytochemistry and Dyeing Principles -- 6 Acacia nilotica -- 6.1 Phytochemistry and Dyeing Compounds -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 What is Additive Manufacturing? -- References -- Sustainable Impact Evaluation of Support Structures in the Production of Extrusion-Based Parts -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Additive Manufacturing -- 2.1 Material Extrusion -- 2.2 Powder Bed Fusion -- 2.3 Vat Photopolymerization -- 2.4 Material Jetting -- 2.5 Binder Jetting -- 2.6 Sheet Lamination -- 2.7 Directed Energy Deposition -- 3 Case Study -- 3.1 Relationship Between Dissolution Time and Material Volume -- 3.2 Super Rugby Trophy 2015 and Klein Bottle -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A New Variant of Genetic Programming in Formulation of Laser Energy Consumption Model of 3D Printing Process -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experiment Details for the SLS Process in the Measurement of Laser Energy Consumption and TAS -- 3 Evolutionary Algorithms -- 3.1 Complexity-Based Evolutionary Approach of Genetic Programming (CN-GP) -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Statistical Validation of Energy Consumption Models Against the Experimental Data -- 4.2 Relationships Between Laser Energy Consumption and TAS and Inputs via Sensitivity and Parametric Analysis of the Best Model -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3D Printing Sociocultural Sustainability -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Creating Connections -- 3 Craft Discourse and Sustainability -- 4 Making Context -- 5 Digital Crafting -- 6 Creating Balance -- 7 Digital Adaptation -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Additive Manufacturing and its Effect on Sustainable Design -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Planned Obsolescence -- 1.2 Sustainable Design Approaches -- 1.2.1 Eco-design -- 1.2.2 Sustainable Design -- 1.2.3 Road-Map for Sustainable Product Development -- 1.2.4 Cyclic-Solar-Safe Principles -- 1.2.5 Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development -- 1.2.6 Cradle to Cradle -- 1.2.7 Circular Economy. , 2 Relationship Between Design Quality and Sustainability -- 3 Additive Manufacturing -- 3.1 Complexity for Free -- 3.2 Mass Customization -- 3.3 Freedom of Design -- 3.4 Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing Beyond Design Freedom -- 3.5 Speculations on the Impact of Additive Manufacturing -- 3.6 New Sustainability Challenges Associated with Additive Manufacturing -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Design for Additive Manufacturing Through Functionality Integration and Part Consolidation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 AM Enabled Design Methods -- 2.1 Impact of AM on Conventional DTM -- 2.1.1 Design Considerations for Manufacturing -- 2.1.2 Design Considerations for Assembly -- 2.1.3 Design Considerations for Performance -- 2.2 AM-Related Design Method -- 2.2.1 Design Guidelines and Design Rules -- 2.2.2 Modified DTM for AM -- 2.2.3 Design for Additive Manufacturing -- 2.3 On-Going AM-Related Design Research on Sustainability -- 3 Sustainable Design Methodology for AM -- 3.1 General Design Flow -- 3.2 Functional Design -- 3.3 Design Optimization -- 3.4 Design Refinement -- 3.5 Environmental Impact Evaluation -- 4 Case Study -- 5 Summary -- References -- Redesigning Production Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: Systems in Crisis -- 2 The Change Is Now -- 3 Global Connectivity, Drivers for Change and Opportunities for Change -- 4 Additive Manufacturing and Global Connectivity for Sustainable Design and Production -- 5 Supply Chain Management (SCM) Implications of 3D Printing -- 5.1 The Development Cycle -- 5.2 Inventory Management: Production and Distribution -- 5.3 Logistic Postponement -- 5.4 Management of Spare Parts -- 6 Humanitarian Logistic Case Study -- 7 Changing Consumer Relationships -- 8 Contraction and Convergence -- 9 New Patterns of Production -- 10 Conclusion -- References.