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  • 1
    Keywords: Particles (Nuclear physics) -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (444 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780444601377
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Band Structure and Nuclear Dynamics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- LIST OF VISITORS -- PART I: PHENOMENOLOGICAL COLLECTIVE MODELS -- CHAPTER 1. PERSPECTIVES IN THE THEORY OF NUCLEAR COLLECTIVE MOTION -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. AN EXTENSION OF THE VARIABLE MOMENT OF INERTIA CONCEPT. POSSIBLE RELATION WITH THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL -- III. BAND CROSSING CALCULATIONS AND VMI CONCEPTS -- IV. MICROSCOPIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL (IBM) AND OTHER BOSON EXPANSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. PRESENT STATUS OF THE VMI AND RELATED MODELS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. THE INTERACTING BOSON-FERMION MODEL -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE INTERACTING BOSON-FERMION MODEL -- 3. THE SU(5) LIMIT -- 4. THE SU(3) LIMIT -- 5. THE SO(6) LIMIT -- 6. INTERMEDIATE SITUATIONS -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES -- PART II: STRONGLY DEFORMED NUCLEI -- CHAPTER 4. BAND STRUCTURE IN STRONGLY DEFORMED NUCLEI -- INTRODUCTION -- STUDY OF YRAST BANDS -- SIDE BANDS AND BAND CROSSINGS -- B(E2) VALUES OF ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. STRUCTURE OF COLLECTIVE BANDS IN DEFORMED NUCLEI FROM THE MICROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW -- INTRODUCTION -- CHOICE OF THE FORCE -- MOMENT OF INERTIA AT LOW SPIN -- BAND PROPERTIES AT LOW SPIN -- THE BACKBEND REGION -- SIMPLE MODELS FOR BACKBENDING -- NON-SELF-CONSISTENT HARTREE-FOCK -- SELF-CONSISTENT HARTREE-FOCK -- HARTREE-FOCK BOGOLYUBOV -- VERY HIGH SPIN STATES -- J SHELL AT HIGH SPIN, EXACT RESULTS -- CORRELATIONS AT HIGH SPIN -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. THE HARTREE-FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV THEORY OF HIGH-SPIN STATES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HFB - CRANKING THEORY -- 3. BACKBENDING, C0RI0LIS ANTIPAIRING, PAIR REALIGNMENT AND GAPLESS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. THE CRANKING MODEL APPLIED TO Yb BANDS AND BAND CROSSINGS. , INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTS - 16 0,162yb- _ NBI -- EXTRACTION OF PERTINENT VALUES FROM DATA - 16 0,162yb -- CROSSING FREQUENCIES -- CALCULATIONS -- 161Yb EXPERIMENT - NBI -- COMPARISON TO CALCULATIONS - 161Yb -- COMPARISON TO CALCULATIONS - 160Yb -- COMPARISON TO CALCULATIONS - 162Yb -- EXPERIMENTS - 160Yb - ORNL -- HIGH-SPIN STATES - 160Yb -- TREND OF SECOND BACKBENDERS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART III: TRANSITIONAL NUCLEI -- CHAPTER 8. SURVEY OF EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE IBA MODEL -- I . INTRODUCTION -- II. STRUCTURE OF THE IBA: APPROACH, APPROXIMATIONS AND SCOPE, SYMMETRIES, IBA-1 AND IBA-2, PARAMETERS, RELATION TO OTHER MODELS -- III. THE 0(6) LIMIT AND THE 0(6) → ROTOR TRANSITION IN THE PT-OS REGION -- IV. THE SU(5) → SU(3) TRANSITION IN THE SM ISOTOPES -- V. ENERGIES AND TRANSITIONS IN THE A^80 REGION -- VI. TWO NUCLEON TRANSFER IN THE IBA -- VII. INELASTIC SCATTERING PROCESSES -- VIII. THE IBA FOR ODD MASS NUCLEI (IBFA) -- IX. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. SYMMETRIC ROTOR INTERPRETATION OF TRANSITIONAL NUCLEI -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SYSTEMATIC TRENDS FOR SLIGHTLY-DEFORMED-SYMMETRIC-ROTORS -- III. COMPARISON OF GENERAL TRENDS AND SPECIFIC CALCULATIONS TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF EXCITED BANDS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. HOW MICROSCOPIC BOSON MODELS WORK -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE MAIN IDEA OF BOSON EXPANSIONS -- 3. MAPPING THE WHOLE FERMION SPACE - EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS EXPANSIONS -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: VERY HIGH SPIN STATES -- CHAPTER 12. PHENOMENA AT VERY HIGH SPINS -- ABSTRACT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13. NILSSON-STRUTINSKY MODEL OF VERY HIGH SPIN STATES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. , III. NUCLEI ROTATING AROUND THE SYMMETRY AXIS -- IV. COMPETITION BETWEEN SINGLE-PARTICLE AND COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS IN THE A~150 YRAST TRAP REGION -- V. SHELL EFFECTS IN THE YRAST SPECTRUM OF 118Te -- VI. SHELL EFFECTS AT LARGE DEFORMATIONS. SUPER-BACK-BENDING -- VII. PARTICLE INSTABILITY AT VERY HIGH SPINS -- VIII. THE REGION ABOVE THE YRAST LINE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY OF VERY HIGH SPIN STATES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. HAMILTONIAN, DETAILS OF THE CALCULATION -- III. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS FOR 162Yb and 164Er -- IV. ANGULAR MOMENTUM FLUCTUATIONS -- V. PAIRING CORRELATIONS IN STRUTINSKY-TYPE CALCULATIONS -- VI . SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- PART V: SPECIAL TOPICS -- CHAPTER 15. RELATION OF THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL TO THE SHELL MODEL -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FAVORED PAIRS AND SD SUBSPACE -- 3. THE GINOCCHIO MODEL AND THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL WITH THE DYSON REPRESENTATION -- 4. THE GINOCCHIO MODEL, OTSUKA-ARIMA-IACHELLO METHOD AND BOSON EXPANSION -- 5. SINGLE J MODEL AND CRITICISM OF THE BOSON EXPANSION TECHNIQUE -- 6. COLLECTIVE NON-COLLECTIVE COUPLING AND THE RENORMALIZATION OF THE EFFECTIVE INTERACTION -- 7. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR COLLECTIVE MOTIONS IN TERMS OF THE BOSON EXPANSION THEORY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE METHOD OF BOSON EXPANSION -- 3. RESULTS OF CALCULATIONS -- 4. FURTHER DISCUSSION ON THE USE OF BET -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. ELECTRIC GIANT MULTIPOLE RESONANCES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION USING MICROSCOPIC MODELS -- 3. ELECTRIC MULTIPOLE RESONANCES -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART VI: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION -- CHAPTER 18. SOME QUESTIONS ON THE CORIOLIS FORCE, THE STRUCTURE OF ROTATIONAL STATES AND THE IBM -- ON THE CORIOLIS FORCE IN ROTATING NUCLEI. , ON THE MICROSCOPIC ORIGIN OF ROTATIONAL STATES -- ON THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL (IBM) -- CHAPTER 19. THE EBBS AND FLOWS OF THE COLLECTIVE TIDE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. REMAINING PROBLEMS IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS -- INTRODUCTION -- UNIFIED SHELL-MODEL DESCRIPTION OF NUCLEAR DEFORMATION -- REMAINING PROBLEMS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. REMARKS ABOUT ANGULAR MOMENTUM FLUCTUATIONS AND THE PARTICLE-PLUS-ROTOR MODEL AS COMPARED TO THE SELFCONSISTENT CRANKING MODEL -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE PARTICLE PLUS ROTOR MODEL -- III. THE LIMIT OF A "VANISHING ROTOR" AND ITS CONSEQUENCES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- AUTHOR INDEX.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-06-26
    Description: Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-04-13
    Description: In this article we assess and compare long-term adult socioeconomic status impacts from having experienced psychological and physical health problems in childhood. To do so, we use unique prospective data from the British National Child Development Study, a continuing panel study of a cohort of 17,634 children born in Great Britain during a single week in March 1958. To date there have been nine waves for this birth cohort to monitor their physical, educational, and social development, during childhood (at birth and 7, 11, and 16 y) and adulthood (age 23, 33, 42, 46, and 50 y). Excellent contemporaneous information exists throughout childhood on physical and psychological health, captured by doctor and nurse-led medical examinations and detailed parental and teacher questionnaires. This information is combined with a wealth of contemporaneous information on adult health and economic experiences collected from cohort members. Information includes their economic circumstances (earnings, labor supply, and other sources of family income), physical and psychological health, and relationship status. Large effects are found due to childhood psychological problems on the ability of affected children to work and earn as adults and on intergenerational and within-generation social mobility. Adult family incomes are reduced by 28% by age 50 y, with sustained impacts on labor supply, marriage stability, and the conscientiousness and agreeableness components of the “Big Five” personality traits. Effects of psychological health disorders during childhood are far more important over a lifetime than physical health problems.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Computational prediction of reaction outcomes and optimum synthetic routes was a two-day meeting and workshop organised by the EPSRC Dial-a-molecule grand challenge network. Forty delegates discussed computer predictions of synthetic routes and reactions, and considered their relevance to contemporary chemistry.Graphical abstract:Dial-a-molecule workshop: computational prediction of reaction outcomes and optimum synthetic routes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-153X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Chemistry Central
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-11-12
    Description: Background High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse short and long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes and may act as modifiable risk factors on the path to overweight/obesity, but their social patterning is not well established. This study investigates the association of education with BMI and GWG across two consecutive pregnancies. Methods The study includes 163 352 Swedish women, having their first and second singleton birth in 1982–2010. In both pregnancies, we investigated the association of women's education with (1) pre-pregnancy weight status and (2) adequacy of GWG. We used multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for child's birth year, mother's age and smoking status. Results Overall, the odds of starting either pregnancy at an unhealthy BMI were higher among women with a low education compared to more highly-educated women. Lower education also predicted a greater increase in BMI between pregnancies, with this effect greatest among women with excessive GWG in the first pregnancy (p〈0.0001 for interaction). Education was also inversely associated with odds of excessive GWG in both pregnancies among healthy weight status women, but this association was absent or even weakly reversed among overweight and obese women. Conclusions Lower educated women had the largest BMI increase between pregnancies, and these inequalities were greatest among women with excessive GWG in the first pregnancy. The importance of a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI, appropriate GWG and a healthy postpartum weight should be communicated to all women, which may assist in reducing existing social inequalities in body weight.
    Keywords: Smoking and tobacco, Health education, Obesity (public health), Health promotion, Smoking, Sociology
    Print ISSN: 0143-005X
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-2738
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Background We used the introduction of free bus travel for young people in London in 2005 as a natural experiment with which to assess its effects on active travel, car use, road traffic injuries, assaults, and on one measure of social inclusion, total number of trips made. Methods A controlled before–after analysis was conducted. We estimated trips by mode and distances travelled in the preintroduction and postintroduction periods using data from London Travel Demand Surveys. We estimated rates of road traffic injury and assault in each period using STATS19 data and Hospital Episode Statistics, respectively. We estimated the ratio of change in the target age group (12–17 years) to the change in adults (ages 25–59 years), with 95% CIs. Results The proportion of short trips travelled by bus by young people increased postintroduction. There was no evidence for an increase in the total number of bus trips or distance travelled by bus by young people attributable to the intervention. The proportion of short trips by walking decreased, but there was no evidence for any change to total distance walked. Car trips declined in both age groups, although distance travelled by car decreased more in young people. Road casualty rates declined, but the pre–post ratio of change was greater in young people than adults (ratio of ratios 0.84; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.87). Assaults increased and the ratio of change was greater in young people (1.20; 1.13 to 1.27). The frequency of all trips by young people was unchanged, both in absolute terms and relative to adults. Conclusions The introduction of free bus travel for young people had little impact on active travel overall and shifted some travel from car to buses that could help broader environmental objectives.
    Print ISSN: 0143-005X
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-2738
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Birth characteristics predict a range of major physical and mental disorders, but findings regarding eating disorders are inconsistent and inconclusive. This total-population Swedish cohort study identified 2,015,862 individuals born in 1975–1998 and followed them for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise specified until the end of 2010. We examined associations with multiple family and birth characteristics and conducted within-family analyses to test for maternal-level confounding. In total, 1,019 males and 15,395 females received an eating disorder diagnosis. Anorexia nervosa was independently predicted by multiple birth (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 1.53) for twins or triplets vs. singletons) and lower gestational age (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.98) per extra week of gestation, with a clear dose-response pattern. Within-family analyses provided no evidence of residual maternal-level confounding. Higher birth weight for gestational age showed a strong, positive dose-response association with bulimia nervosa (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.22, per each standard-deviation increase), again with no evidence of residual maternal-level confounding. We conclude that some perinatal characteristics may play causal, disease-specific roles in the development of eating disorders, including via perinatal variation within the normal range. Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted. Finally, several large population-based studies of anorexia nervosa have been conducted in twins; it is possible that these studies considerably overestimate prevalence.
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-09-15
    Description: Author(s): A. J. Goodman, A. P. Willard, and W. A. Tisdale Here, we show that deep trapped “dark” exciton states are responsible for the surprisingly long lifetime of band-edge photoluminescence in acid-treated single-layer MoS 2 . Temperature-dependent transient photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals an exponential tail of long-lived states extending hundred... [Phys. Rev. B 96, 121404(R)] Published Thu Sep 14, 2017
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-04-13
    Description: The proportion of the human gut bacterial community that is recalcitrant to culture remains poorly defined. In this report, we combine high-throughput anaerobic culturing techniques with gnotobiotic animal husbandry and metagenomics to show that the human fecal microbiota consists largely of taxa and predicted functions that are represented in its readily cultured members. When transplanted into gnotobiotic mice, complete and cultured communities exhibit similar colonization dynamics, biogeographical distribution, and responses to dietary perturbations. Moreover, gnotobiotic mice can be used to shape these personalized culture collections to enrich for taxa suited to specific diets. We also demonstrate that thousands of isolates from a single donor can be clonally archived and taxonomically mapped in multiwell format to create personalized microbiota collections. Retrieving components of a microbiota that have coexisted in single donors who have physiologic or disease phenotypes of interest and reuniting them in various combinations in gnotobiotic mice should facilitate preclinical studies designed to determine the degree to which tractable bacterial taxa are able to transmit donor traits or influence host biology.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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