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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cause of the fragile relationship between the Pacific El Niño and the Atlantic Niño (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 443 (2006), S. 324-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] El Niño, the most prominent climate fluctuation at seasonal-to-interannual timescales, has long been known to have a remote impact on climate variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, but a robust influence is found only in the northern tropical Atlantic region. Fluctuations in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05053
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role Of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide In Ischaemic Preconditioning In Diabetic Rat Hearts (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. It has been suggested that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in the protection provided by ischaemic preconditioning in rat hearts and that ischaemic preconditioning is absent in diabetic rat hearts.2. In the present study, we tested the relationship between sensory nerve function and ischaemic preconditioning in diabetic rats.3. In 4- and 8-week diabetic rats and age-matched non- diabetic controls, 30 min global ischaemia and 40 min reperfusion caused a significant decrease in cardiac function and a marked increase in creatine kinase (CK) release. Ischaemic preconditioning, by three cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion, improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release during reperfusion in 4-week diabetic rat hearts. However, the cardioprotection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning was lost in 8-week diabetic rat hearts. Pretreatment with CGRP for 5 min also significantly improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release in rats subjected to 4 or 8 weeks of diabetes.4. The content of CGRP in the coronary effluent during ischaemic preconditioning was significantly increased in 4-week diabetic rat hearts (P 〈 0.05). However, only a slight increase in the release of CGRP was shown in 8-week diabetic rat hearts (P 〉 0.05).5. In summary, the present results suggest that the protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning is attenuated in diabetic rats and that the change may be related to the reduction in CGRP release in diabetic rat hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03467.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from thermodynamic air-sea interactions (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In some respects, the tropical Atlantic Ocean is similar to the tropical Pacific, having, for example, an equatorial cold tongue of sea surface temperature just south of the Equator, and the northeasterly and southeasterly trade winds converging in the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) north ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385516a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of biodegradability by the reduction of Tetrazolium Violet in Biolog microplates (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 909-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: biodegradability ; biodegradation test ; Biolog microplates ; ozonation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A novel biodegradation test using Biolog MT microplates was developed. The method was based on the reduction of Tetrazolium Violet during mineralization of organic substrates. Both a microbial mixed culture (activated sludge) and pure culture of a bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as inocula to evaluate its applicability. The procedure was successfully demonstrated with the ozonated samples of p-nitrophenol. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method is fast and convenient to use in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005608113423
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on solitary waves along potential vorticity fronts on anf-plane (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 49 (1993), S. 477-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The effects of short waves on the propagration of velocity discontinuity along the interface of two uniform potential vorticity, zones on anf-plane is examined. It is shown, using a multiple scale analysis, that the dispersion introduced by the short waves can balance the nonlinear steepening effects predicted by the semigeostrophic theory. The time evolution of a shear disturbance along the front is governed by a Korteweg-de Vries equation. Numerical solutions of the solitary waves along the front are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237456
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light microscopy of the pineal organ of two primitive lizards, Platyurus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060306
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of preganglionic sympathectomy on the cholinesterase activity in the superior cervical ganglia of rats and hamsters (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglia ; Adrenergic neurons ; Cholinergic neurons ; Cholinesterase ; Acetylcholinesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By employing biochemical assay and histochemical enzyme techniques the effect of preganglionic sympathectomy on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the superior cervical ganglia of rats and hamsters was investigated. Biochemical assays indicate that the ChE activity in the superior cervical ganglia of adult rats and hamsters is 57.19 and 28.63 respectively (expressed in u moles acetylcholine hydrolyzed per min per g of tissue); two weeks after preganglionic denervation, about 50% and 60% of ChE activity are lost respectively. Histochemical enzyme examination reveals that in the rat superior cervical ganglion, the majority of the neurons are adrenergic with weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reaction and the minority of the neurons are cholinergic with strong AChE activity, while only one type of adrenergic neurons exhibits a weak AChE activity in the hamster superior cervical ganglion. The AChE activity is localized in the perinuclear area, in the cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, in the Golgi complex and on the plasma membrane of the hamster's neurons; it is mainly localized in the cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the rat's neurons. AChE reaction product is also detected on the axolemmal membranes of the preganglionic nerve fibers in the sympathetic ganglia of rats and hamsters. After preganglionic sympathectomy, the AChE activity in the adrenergic neurons and in the preganglionic unmyelinated nerve fibers is markedly reduced, whereas the cholinergic neurons and preganglionic myelinated nerve fibers remain unchanged. On the basis of these results two conclusions have been reached: (1) The fact that strong AChE activity localized in the cholinergic neurons and preganglionic myelinated fibers is not influenced by denervation, suggests that these structures are able to produce AChE. (2) The reduction of AChE activity in the rat and hamster superior cervical ganglia two weeks after preganglionic denervation, observed by histochemical examination, can be correlated with a concomitant measurable reduction determined by biochemical assays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278466
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polycarbonates based on bisphenol S by melt transesterification (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2453-2460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polycarbonate, bisphenol S ; melt transesterification ; diphenyl carbonate ; oxyethylene ; inherent viscosity ; solubility ; tensile strength ; contact angle ; DSC ; TGA ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several sulfone-containing polycarbonates, having inherent viscosity 0.25-0.30 dL g-1 in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), were prepared by melt polycondensation of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) with various aromatic and aliphatic diols, in the presence of zinc acetate as transesterification catalyst. The polycarbonates were examined with IR spectra, inherent viscosity, solubility, tensile strength, contact angle, DSC and TGA. Almost all polymers were soluble in DMF, pyridine, N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP), THF, phenol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), partially soluble in nitrobenzene, but insoluble in acetone. Polycarbonate with introduced ether linkages leads to enhanced flexibility and elongation strength. The contact angle of the polycarbonate based on bisphenol S was found in the range 42-80°, smaller than that of polycarbonates based on bisphenol AF and bisphenol A. The wettability of polycarbonate films based on bisphenol S remarkably increased with increasing oxyethylene unit in polymer chain. The smaller values of Td of PC-3-PC-7 than of PC-1 is attributed to the flexible ether linkage. The thermal stability of a brominated aromatic polycarbonate (PC-2) is less than that of the unbrominated one (PC-1). The brominated aromatic polycarbonate (PC-2) has good flame retardency, as indicated by the large limiting oxygen index 56. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2453-2460, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
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    Mesoscale Eddies in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean: Three-Dimensional Eddy Structures and Heat/Salt Transports (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122 (12). pp. 9795-9813.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The region encompassing the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (25°N–45°N and 130°E–180°E) is one of the most eddy-energetic regions of the global ocean. The three-dimensional structures and transports of mesoscale eddies in this region are comprehensively investigated by combined use of satellite data and Argo profiles. With the allocation of Argo profiles inside detected eddies, the spatial variations of structures of eddy temperature and salinity anomalies are analyzed. The results show that eddies predominantly have subsurface (near-surface) intensified temperature and salinity anomalies south (north) of the KE jet, which is related to different background stratifications between these regions. A new method based on eddy trajectories and the inferred three-dimensional eddy structures is proposed to estimate heat and salt transports by eddy movements in a Lagrangian framework. Spatial distributions of eddy transports are presented over the vicinity of the KE for the first time. The magnitude of eddy-induced meridional heat (freshwater volume) transport is on the order of 0.01 PW (103 m3/s). The eddy heat transport divergence results in an oceanic heat loss south and heat gain north of the KE, thereby reinforcing and counteracting the oceanic heat loss from air-sea fluxes south and north of the KE jet, respectively. It also suggests a poleward heat transport across the KE jet due to eddy propagation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013303
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 20
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    Western boundary currents regulated by interaction between ocean eddies and the atmosphere (2016)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature, 535 (7613). pp. 533-537.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Current climate models systematically underestimate the strength of oceanic fronts associated with strong western boundary currents, such as the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream Extensions, and have difficulty simulating their positions at the mid-latitude ocean’s western boundaries1. Even with an enhanced grid resolution to resolve ocean mesoscale eddies—energetic circulations with horizontal scales of about a hundred kilometres that strongly interact with the fronts and currents—the bias problem can still persist2; to improve climate models we need a better understanding of the dynamics governing these oceanic frontal regimes. Yet prevailing theories about the western boundary fronts are based on ocean internal dynamics without taking into consideration the intense air–sea feedbacks in these oceanic frontal regions. Here, by focusing on the Kuroshio Extension Jet east of Japan as the direct continuation of the Kuroshio, we show that feedback between ocean mesoscale eddies and the atmosphere (OME-A) is fundamental to the dynamics and control of these energetic currents. Suppressing OME-A feedback in eddy-resolving coupled climate model simulations results in a 20–40 per cent weakening in the Kuroshio Extension Jet. This is because OME-A feedback dominates eddy potential energy destruction, which dissipates more than 70 per cent of the eddy potential energy extracted from the Kuroshio Extension Jet. The absence of OME-A feedback inevitably leads to a reduction in eddy potential energy production in order to balance the energy budget, which results in a weakened mean current. The finding has important implications for improving climate models’ representation of major oceanic fronts, which are essential components in the simulation and prediction of extratropical storms and other extreme events3, 4, 5, 6, as well as in the projection of the effect on these events of climate change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nature18640
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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