Note: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: River Health and Ecology: Perspective View and Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 River Health: Issues and Challenges -- 3 Key Aims of the Book -- 4 Individual Chapters -- References -- Chapter 2: Arthropods: An Important Bio-Indicator to Decipher the Health of the Water of South Asian Rivers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Monitoring Pollution Using Bioindicator -- 2.1 Various Characteristics that Make an Organism a Bioindicator -- 2.1.1 How to Select a Bioindicator? -- 2.2 Biomonitoring and Bioindicators -- 2.3 Various Advantages of Biomonitoring -- 2.3.1 Biomonitoring Approaches Based on Hopkin (1993): -- 3 Various Aquatic Organisms used as Bioindicators -- 4 Various Arthropod Species Used as a Bioindicator -- 4.1 Class: Insecta -- 4.2 Class: Crustacea -- 5 Arthropods Used as Bioindicators in South Asian Rivers -- 6 Advantages of Biomonitoring the River Ecosystem -- 6.1 Diversity Indices -- 6.2 Multimeric Approaches -- 6.3 Indices of Biological Integrity -- 6.4 Biotic Indices -- 6.5 Multivariate Approaches -- 6.6 Functional Approaches -- 6.6.1 Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) -- 6.6.2 Multiple Biological Traits -- 6.7 Early Warning Bioindicators -- 6.8 Bioassays Protocols -- 6.9 Widely Used Methods of Biomonitoring in River -- 6.9.1 Measures of the BMWP Scores -- 6.9.2 BMWP-ASPT (Biological Monitoring Working Party Average Score Per Taxon) -- 6.9.3 Percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (%EPT) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Anthropogenic Stress on River Health: With Special Reference to Kangsabati River, West Bengal, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Impacts on Riparian Areas -- 3.2 Sand Mining -- 3.3 Agricultural Practices -- 3.4 Construction of Bridge on River. , 3.5 Brick Factory Adjacent to River -- 3.6 Recreational Use -- 3.7 Harmful Fishing -- 3.8 Construction of Dam -- 3.9 Introduction of Exotic Fish and Plant Species -- 3.10 Fisheries Sector/Overfishing -- 3.11 Discharge of Plastic and Domestic Sewage -- 3.12 Cattle Washing -- 3.13 Soaps and Detergents -- 3.14 Mass Bathing and Religious Activities -- 3.15 Pollution Indicator Species -- 4 Conclusions -- 4.1 River Conservation Efforts -- 4.2 Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 4: Role of Modern Biotechnology in the Era of River Water Pollution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metagenomics Approach for Detection of Water Pollution -- 3 NGS Platform for Metagenome Sequencing -- 4 Bioinformatics Tools Used for Sequence Analysis -- 5 Biofilms as Aquatic Environment Cleaning Technology -- 6 Removal of Pesticide from Polluted Water through Remediation Technology -- 7 Floating Treatment Wetlands as a Remediation Agent of Contaminated Water -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Assessment of Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Zooplankton of Freshwater Ecosystem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Plankton Density and Water Physiochemical Property -- 2.3 Isolation and Screening -- 2.4 Colloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) Preparation and Screening of Chitinolytic Bacteria -- 2.5 Biochemical Characterization and Assessment of Enzyme Sensitivity through Vitek2 Compact System -- 2.6 Assay of β-N-Acetyl-Glucosaminidase and Chitinase Activity -- 2.7 16 S rRNA Sequencing and Phylogenetic Tree Construction -- 2.8 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Abiotic and Plankton Density -- 3.2 Microbiological Study -- 3.3 Biochemical Characterizations of the Isolates -- 3.4 Isoenzyme Activity Analysis of the Isolates -- 3.5 β-N-Acetyl-Glucosaminidase and Chitinase Activity -- 3.6 Identification of Isolates and Phylogenetic Tree Analysis. , 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Microplastics in Freshwater Riverine Systems: Brief Profile, Trophic-Level Transfer and Probable Remediation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Major Pollutants Responsible for Degradation of Riverine Health -- 3 Microplastics as an Anthropogenic Pollutant -- 4 Distribution of MPs in Aquatic Ecosystems -- 5 Freshwater Riverine Systems are in Crisis due to MPs Pollution -- 6 Difficulties of South-Asian Rivers: An Overall Scenario of MPs Pollution -- 7 MPs Pollution in the European River Basins -- 8 MPs pollution in the North and South American River Basins -- 9 MPs Pollution in African Riverine Basins -- 10 Plastic Pollution and MPs Interaction with Biota: Status and Risk Assessment -- 11 Probable Remediation -- 12 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Assessment of River Health through Water and Biological Characteristics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Meta Diversity Analysis -- 2.3 Analysis of Water Quality Parameters -- 2.4 Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 2.5 Nutrient Pollution Index (NPI) -- 2.6 Qualitative Habitat Index (QHEI) and Assessment of Physical Habitats -- 2.7 Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) -- 2.8 Statistical Analyses -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Assessment of Water Quality -- 3.2 Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 3.3 Chemical Health Evaluation Based on Nutrient Pollution Index (NPI) -- 3.4 Physical Habitat Health Assessment Based on Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) -- 3.5 Macroinvertebrates -- 3.6 Biological River Health Evaluation Based on Biological Integrity Index (IBI) -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Estimating Water Quality of Sundarban Coastal Zone Area Using Landsat Series Satellite Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data and Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 3.1 Surface Water Resource -- 3.2 Physico-Chemical Analysis -- 3.2.1 pH -- 3.2.2 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) -- 3.2.3 Chlorophyll Concentration -- 3.2.4 Water Salinity Range -- 3.2.5 Turbidity Water -- 3.3 Hydrological Condition -- 3.3.1 Waterbodies -- 3.3.2 Ground Water -- 3.3.3 Freshwater Related Problems in Sundarbans -- 3.3.4 Remediation of Water Issues -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Anthropogenic Impacts on Hydro-Morphodynamic Behavior in the Middle-Lower Course of Subarnarekha River, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Database and Data Processing -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Impacts of Sand Mining and Artificial Structural Measures -- 3.1.1 Changing Hydrodynamic Behavior -- 3.1.2 Morphodynamic Adjustment -- 3.1.3 Ecological Impact -- 3.1.4 Impact on Socioeconomic Status -- 3.2 Loss of Channel Capacity -- 3.3 Recommended Management Strategies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Perturbation of the Health of the Riverine Ecosystem and its Impact on the Biogeochemical, Ecological, and Molecular Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Toxicology of Riverine Pollution: Impact on the Microbial Communities, Plants, and Animals -- 2.1 Effect of Organic Compounds on the Health of the Riverine Ecosystem -- 2.1.1 Phenol and Phenolic Compounds -- 2.1.2 Organophosphorus Compounds and their Derivatives -- 2.1.3 Organochlorines and Polychlorinated Derivatives -- 2.1.4 Pyrethroids -- 2.1.5 Herbicides -- 2.2 Effects of Heavy Metals on the Health of the Riverine Ecosystem -- 2.2.1 Cadmium -- 2.2.2 Lead -- 2.2.3 Arsenic -- 2.2.4 Mercury -- 2.2.5 Nickel -- 2.2.6 Barium -- 2.2.7 Chromium -- 3 Impact of Riverine Pollution on the Riverine and Extra-Riverine Ecosystem -- 3.1 Behavioral Abnormalities Caused by Freshwater Pollution -- 3.2 Reproductive Abnormalities Caused by Freshwater Pollution. , 3.3 Effects on Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and Food Web -- 3.3.1 Bioaccumulation, Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation Factor, and Bioconcentration Factor -- 3.3.2 Bioamplification or Biomagnification and Biomagnification Factor -- 4 Remediation Approaches: Advantages and Drawbacks -- 5 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 11: Assessment of Habitat Quality in Quarried Reach of Alluvial River -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Methods and Database -- 2.3 Assessment of Geomorphic Indicators -- 2.3.1 Estimation of Planform Change -- 2.4 Assessment of Hydroecological Indicators -- 2.4.1 Water Sampling Process and Adopted Methods -- 2.4.2 Estimation of Water Quality Index (WQI) -- 2.5 Measurement of Microhabitat Patch -- 2.6 Final Rank Score of Assessment Indicators -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Analysis of Geomorphic Indicators -- 3.1.1 Channel Geometry -- 3.1.2 Sedimentary Facies and Textural Attributes -- Sediment Facies at Bank Margin Site -- Sediment Facies at Riparian Site -- Sediment Facies on a River Bed -- 3.1.3 Pool-Riffle Sequence -- 3.1.4 Thalweg Shifting -- 3.1.5 Channel Planform Change -- 3.1.6 Water Flow Regime -- 3.2 Analysis of Ecological Indicators -- 3.2.1 Riverine LULC -- 3.2.2 Microhabitat Patch -- 3.2.3 Water Quality Index -- 3.2.4 Biodiversity Index in Microhabitat Patch -- 3.3 River Habitat Assessment -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Physicochemical and Microbial Indicators for Water Quality Assessment in an Industrial Catchment of River Damodar, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Collection of Samples and Physicochemical Analysis -- 3.2 Pollution Index (PI) for Drinking Water -- 3.3 Microbial Analysis -- 3.3.1 Total Viable Count (TVC) -- 3.3.2 Coliform Count (TC and FC) -- 3.4 Multivariate Analysis -- 4 Results. , 4.1 Hydro-Chemistry of River Water.