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  • 11
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    From interannual to decadal: 17 years of boundary current transports at the exit of the Labrador Sea (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122 (3). pp. 1724-1748.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-06
    Beschreibung: Over the past 17 years, the western boundary current system of the Labrador Sea has been closely observed by maintaining the 53°N observatory (moorings and shipboard station data) measuring the top-to-bottom flow field offshore from the Labrador shelf break. Volume transports for the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) components were calculated using different methods, including gap filling procedures for deployment periods with suboptimal instrument coverage. On average the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) carries 30.2 ± 6.6 Sv of NADW southward, which are almost equally partitioned between Labrador Sea Water (LSW, 14.9 ± 3.9 Sv) and Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW, 15.3 ± 3.8 Sv). The transport variability ranges from days to decades, with the most prominent multiyear fluctuations at interannual to near decadal time scales (±5 Sv) in the LNADW overflow water mass. These long-term fluctuations appear to be in phase with the NAO-modulated wind fluctuations. The boundary current system off Labrador occurs as a conglomerate of nearly independent components, namely, the shallow Labrador Current, the weakly sheared LSW range, and the deep baroclinic, bottom-intensified current core of the LNADW, all of which are part of the cyclonic Labrador Sea circulation. This structure is relatively stable over time, and the 120 km wide boundary current is constrained seaward by a weak counterflow which reduces the deep water export by 10–15%.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012271
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  • 12
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    The Ocean's Response to North Atlantic Oscillation Variability (2003)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  In: The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate Significance and Environmental Impact. , ed. by Hurrell, J. W., Kushnir, Y., Ottersen, G. and Visbeck, M. Geophysical Monograph Series, 134 . AGU (American Geophysical Union), Washington, DC, pp. 113-146.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-03-13
    Materialart: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation (2003)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  In: The North Atlantic Oscillation: climatic significance and environmental impact. , ed. by Hurrell, J. W., Kushnir, Y., Ottersen, G. and Visbeck, M. Geophysical Monograph Series, 134 . AGU (American Geophysical Union), Washington, DC, pp. 1-36.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-26
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/134GM01
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  • 14
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    Decadal upper ocean temperature variability in the tropical subtropical Pacific (2001)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 106 . pp. 8971-8988.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-18
    Beschreibung: Decadal variability in upper ocean temperature in the Pacific is studied by using observations and results from model experiments. Especially propagation of upper ocean thermal anomalies from the midlatitudes to the tropics is studied as a possible source for decadal equatorial thermocline variability. In the observations, propagation along the subtropical gyre of the North Pacific is clear. However, no propagation into the equatorial region is found. Model experiments with an ocean model forced with observed monthly wind and wind stress anomalies are performed to study the apparent propagation. Distinct propagation of thermal anomalies in the subtropics is found in the model, although the amplitude of the anomalies is small. The anomalies clearly propagate into the tropics, but they do not reach the equatorial region. The small response at the equator to extratropical variability consists of a change in the mean depth of the thermocline. It appears that most variability in the subtropics and tropics is generated by local wind stress anomalies. The results are discussed by using results from a linear shallow water model in which similar features are found
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2000JC000536
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  • 15
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    Arctic Ocean sea ice response to Northern Annular Mode-like wind forcing (2003)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (15). 1793,.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-20
    Beschreibung: The response of the Arctic Ocean sea ice system to Northern Annular Mode-like wind forcing has been investigated using an ocean/sea ice general circulation model coupled to an atmospheric boundary layer model. A series of idealized experiments was performed to investigate the Arctic Ocean's response to idealized winter wind anomalies on interannual to multi-decadal time scales. The sea ice response of the model consists of a rapid change of ice movements leading to widespread variation in sea ice thickness and concentration. In most areas the response is largely independent of the forcing frequency with only a slight increase towards longer periods. Only the Greenland Sea exhibited a change in sign of sea ice concentration anomalies at about 20 years period which appears to be caused by slow adjustment of the oceanic circulation.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017354
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  • 16
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    Cooling and ventilating the abyssal ocean (2001)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 28 . pp. 2923-2926.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-14
    Beschreibung: The abyssal ocean is filled with cold, dense waters that sink along the Antarctic continental slope and overflow sills that lie south of the Nordic Seas. Recent integrations of chlorofluorocarbon‐11 (CFC) measurements are similar in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and in lower North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), but Antarctic inputs are ≈ 2°C colder than their northern counterparts. This indicates comparable ventilation rates from both polar regions, and accounts for the Southern Ocean dominance over abyssal cooling. The decadal CFC‐based estimates of recent ventilation are consistent with other hydrographic observations and with longer‐term radiocarbon data, but not with hypotheses of a 20th‐century slowdown in the rate of AABW formation. Significant variability is not precluded by the available ocean measurements, however, and interannual to decadal changes are increasingly evident at high latitudes.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2001GL012830
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  • 17
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    Preconditioning the Greenland Sea for deep convection: Ice formation and ice drift (1995)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 100 (C9). pp. 18489-18502.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-27
    Beschreibung: The role of sea ice in preconditioning the mixed layers of the central Greenland Sea for deep convection is investigated, with particular emphasis on the formation of the “Nordbukta.” The opening of the ice free bay in late January 1989 indicated that the upper layer was well preconditioned for deep convection which reached down to 1500 m depth in March 1989. We propose that the ice free bay occurred due to diminishing new ice formation without extensive ice melt. A key process is wind‐driven ice drift to the southwest, as observed by upward looking acoustic Doppler current profilers, which will alter the upper ocean freshwater budget when an ice volume gradient along the ice‐drift direction exists. We investigated the importance and effects of such an ice‐drift‐induced freshwater loss on upper ocean properties using an ice‐ocean mixed‐layer model. Observed temperature and salt profiles from December 1988 served as initial conditions, and the model was integrated over the winter season. Given the one‐dimensional physics and climatological surface fluxes, the model was not able to produce a reasonable ice and mixed‐layer evolution. However, allowing ice drift to reduce the local ice thickness improved the ice‐ocean model performance dramatically. An average ice export of 5–8 mm d−1 was needed to be consistent with the observed evolution of mixed‐layer properties and ice cover. Using the same fluxes and ice export, but initial conditions from the “Is Odden” region, yielded ice cover throughout the winter over a shallow mixed layer, both of which are consistent with the observations from the Odden region.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/95JC01611
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  • 18
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    The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment data collection (2003)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4 (10). p. 1091.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-31
    Beschreibung: Between 1996 and 1998, a concerted effort was made to study the deep open ocean convection in the Labrador Sea. Both in situ observations and numerical models were employed with close collaboration between the researchers in the fields of physical oceanography, boundary layer meteorology, and climate. A multitude of different methods were used to observe the state of ocean and atmosphere and determine the exchange between them over the experiment's period. The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment data collection aims to assemble the observational data sets in order to facilitate the exchange and collaboration between the various projects and new projects for an overall synthesis. A common file format and a browsable inventory have been used so as to simplify the access to the data.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2003GC000536
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  • 19
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    Deoxygenation in the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (2009)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 36 . L20607.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Observations and model results both indicate increasing oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) in the tropical oceans. Here we report on record low dissolved oxygen minimum concentrations in the eastern tropical North Atlantic in fall of 2008, with less than 40 mu mol kg(-1) in the core of the OMZ. There we find a deoxygenation rate of similar to 0.5 mu mol kg(-1) a(-1) during the last decades on two repeat sections at 7.5 and 11 degrees N. The potential temperature and salinity in the surface and central water layers increased on both sections compared to previous observations. However, in contrast to the oxygen decrease in the core of the OMZ, increasing oxygen concentrations were observed in the central water layer above the OMZ. The observed deoxygenation was thus restricted to the core of the oxygen minimum layer. It remains unclear whether the vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum represents a long time trend or decadal variations
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2009GL039593
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  • 20
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    Energetic plumes over the western Ross Sea continental slope (2004)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (21). L21302.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-21
    Beschreibung: Rapid descent of dense Drygalski Trough (western Ross Sea, Antarctica) shelf water over the continental slope, within 100 to 250 m thick benthic plumes, is described. Speeds of up to 1.0 m/s are recorded flowing at an average angle of 35° to the isobaths, entraining ambient Lower Circumpolar Deep Water en route. This process is predominant in determining the concentration and placement of the shelf water injected into the deep sea as a precursor Antarctic Bottom Water. Nonetheless, a 4-hour duration pulse of undiluted shelf water was observed at depth (1407 m) directly north of the Drygalski Trough, moving at around 90 degrees to isobaths, and at a speed of 1.4 m/s. Thus the export of Ross Sea shelf water to the deep sea is accomplished within plumes descending at moderate angle to isobaths, punctuated by rapid downhill cascades.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2004GL020785
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