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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology -- Polar Regions. ; Natural history -- Polar Regions. ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: There is an increased awareness of the importance of polar regions, and their vulnerability to anthropogenic derived change. This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to polar ecology. The emphasis is on the organisms that dominate these environments although pollution, conservation and experimental aspects are also considered.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (409 pages)
    Ausgabe: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780191538261
    Serie: Biology of Habitats Series
    DDC: 578.0911
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to the polar regions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The energy balances of the polar regions -- 1.3 Climate -- 1.4 Thermohaline circulation -- 1.5 El Nino Southern Oscillation -- 1.6 Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations -- 1.7 Magnetic and electrical phenomena -- 2 Stress, adaptation, and survival in polar regions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Life at low temperatures -- 2.3 Desiccation -- 2.4 The effects of radiation -- 2.5 Biological rhythms in the polar environment -- 3 Periglacial and terrestrial habitats in polar regions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Substrata -- 3.3 Communities -- 3.4 The physiological ecology of polar plants and invertebrates -- 3.5 Specialized communities -- 3.6 Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic terrestrial habitats and communities -- 4 Glacial habitats in polar regions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Life in the interior of polar ice sheets and glaciers -- 4.3 Life at the margin -- 4.4 The snow alga community -- 4.5 Wider perspectives -- 5 Inland waters in polar regions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Arctic lakes -- 5.3 Antarctic lakes -- 5.4 Streams and rivers -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 6 Open oceans in polar regions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Gradients in waters -- 6.3 The plankton -- 6.4 The physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton -- 6.5 The zooplankton -- 6.6 Squid -- 6.7 Fish -- 6.8 The polar marine pelagic systems -- 7 Frozen oceans in polar regions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The physical characteristics of sea ice -- 7.3 The biology of sea ice -- 7.4 The ice edge -- 7.5 Polynyas -- 7.6 The wider significance of sea ice biology -- 8 Marine benthos in polar regions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The littoral zone -- 8.3 The shallow sublittoral zone -- 8.4 The benthos of deep waters -- 8.5 Benthos under ice shelves -- 8.6 Seasonality and dynamics of benthic communities. , 8.7 Comparisons and conclusions -- 9 Birds and mammals in polar regions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Seabirds -- 9.3 Seals -- 9.4 Whales -- 9.5 Bears and foxes -- 10 Climate change in polar regions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Changes during geological time: the ice ages -- 10.3 Biological responses to long-term changes -- 10.4 Present-day global climate change and polar regions -- 11 Human impact on polar regions -- 11.1 The first invasions by humans -- 11.2 The ecology of pre-industrial humans in the Arctic -- 11.3 Sealing and whaling -- 11.4 Hunting -- 11.5 Fishing -- 11.6 Pastoral and agriculture development -- 11.7 Introduction of non-native organisms by humans -- 11.8 Mineral and oil extraction -- 11.9 Pollution -- 11.10 Tourism -- 11.11 Military uses of the polar regions -- 11.12 Conservation -- 12 Some conclusions -- Further reading and web resources -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Endoprothese ; Oberflächenstruktur ; Verankerung ; Wirksame Oberfläche ; Key words Total hip replacement ; Surface of endoprosthesis ; Materials and testing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary While the principle of enlarging the surface area has been recognized and used in different ways for some time, there is often no schematic, detailed description or fundamental research. Taking a surface structure consisting of trabecular three-dimensional connecting elements, essential parameters are shown, making it clear that the flexible dynamic reaction of the effective „anchoring space“ with a suitable specified shape (construction height, alignment, network) can be reproducibly shaped and used. This has led to a hip endoprosthesis with a graduated surface structure. The construction height of the trabecular structure varies, decreasing from proximal to distal.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Während früh das Prinzip der Oberflächenvergrößerung erkannt und in verschiedenen Formen eingesetzt wurde, fehlt es weitgehend an einer schematisierten und detaillierten Beschreibung sowie entsprechenden Gundlagenuntersuchungen. Anhand einer aus trabekulären Grundelementen aufgebauten, dreidimensional interkonnektierenden Oberflächenstruktur werden wesentliche Parameter dargestellt, wobei deutlich wird, daß das elastisch-dynamische Verhalten des wirksamen „Verankerungsraums“ bei geeigneter normierter Gestaltung (Bauhöhe, Ausrichtung, Vernetzung) reproduzierbar gestaltet und genutzt werden kann. Dies führte zu einer Hüftendoprothese mit graduiert gestalteter Oberflächenstruktur mit einer von proximal nach distal variierenden (abnehmenden) Bauhöhe dieser trabekulären Strukturen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 67 (1996), S. 1087-1092 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Segmental bone defects ; Tibia ; Bone substitute ; Bone transplants. ; Schlüsselwörter: Defektdeckung ; Unterschenkel ; Knochenersatzmaterial ; Implantat.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. Verschiedene Knochenersatzmaterialien stehen zur Verfügung zur Defektdeckung am Unterschenkel. Die Beschaffenheit des Gewebelagers und die Defektgröße limitieren die Auswahl der Implantate. Insbesondere bei größeren Defekten ist der frei bzw. mikrovasculär transplantierte autogene Knochen vorzuziehen. Als Implantat bei kleineren, gut vascularisierten Defekten oder als zusätzliche Maßnahme bei größeren Defekten bieten sich artifizielle Knochenersatzmaterialien wie spongiöse Calciumphosphate oder auch allogene Transplantate an. Beim infizierten Lager sind artifizielle, insbesondere langsam resorbierbare Materialien und allogene Transplantate nicht indiziert. Voraussetzung für die Defektrekonstruktion ist eine stabile Osteosynthese.
    Notizen: Summary. Different bone substitutes exist for reconstruction of segmental tibial bone defects. The choice of bone substitute is limited by the quality of the surrounding tissue and the size of the bone defect. Especially in large bone defects, the freely or microvascularly transferred autogenic graft should be preferred. Allogenic transplants or artificial bone substitutes, such as spongy calcium phosphate materials, are suitable only for implantation in smaller, well-vascularized bone defects or as an additional procedure in large bone defects. In infected cases, allogenic and artificial, especially slowly resorbable implants, have to be avoided. The prerequisite for defect reconstruction is stable internal fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Metastases ; Pelvis ; Internal hemipelvectomy ; Endoprosthesis ; 3-D-Reconstruction ; Schlüsselwörter Metastasen ; Becken ; Innere Hemipelvektomie ; Endoprothese ; 3-D-Rekonstruktion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz klinisch-symptomatischer Knochenmetastasen ist durch eine höhere Lebenserwartung sowie die Verbesserung von adjuvanten Therapiemaßnahmen, Nachsorge und Diagnostik deutlich angestiegen. Entscheidend für Indikation und Art einer operativen Therapie dieser Läsionen sind das biologische Alter, der Allgemeinzustand, Diagnose, Ausbreitung und Dynamik der Grundkrankheit sowie die Lebenserwartung des Patienten. Bei periazetabulären Läsionen des Beckens mit belastungsabhängigen Schmerzen, die nicht durch adjuvante Maßnahmen beherrschbar sind, stehen zur operativen Therapie verschiedene Techniken des Gelenkersatzes zur Verfügung. Von 1977–1996 wurden an unserer Klinik 21 Patienten mit periazetabulärer Carcinommetastase mit einem endoprothetischen Beckenteilersatz versorgt (mittl. Alter 60 Jahre; mittl. Überlebenszeit 23,1 Monate). Die perioperative Komplikationsrate betrug 42 %. Die funktionellen Ergebnisse waren „good“ (n = 8), „fair“ (n = 9) und „poor“ (n = 2). Vorrangige Ziele des Eingriffes sind die Schmerzfreiheit und Mobilisierbarkeit. Der operative Aufwand muß dabei in vernünftiger Relation zu Gesamtzustand und Prognose des Patienten stehen. Die Lebensqualität ist das entscheidende Kriterium.
    Notizen: Summary Due to a rise in life expectancy as well as improved adjuvant and diagnostic measures the incidence of clinically symptomatic metastases has significantly increased. In terms of indication and operative technique in the treatment of these lesions the biologic age, general condition, diagnosis, stage and activity of the disease and the patient's prognosis are highly important. Different techniques of joint replacement have been described to treat patients suffering from metastatic disease of the periacetabular region, beeing resistant to any kind of adjuvant therapy. From 1977–1996 21 patients with a periacetabular lesion received a tumor prosthesis following internal hemipelvectomy (average age 60 years; average survival 23,1 months). Perioperative complication rate was 42 %, functional results were good (n = ), fair (n = 9) and poor (n = 2). Mobilisation and analgesia are the most important therapeutic goals. The quality of the patient's life postop is the major point.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Rapid prototyping ; Beckenteilersatz ; Tumoren ; Endoprothesenwechsel ; Beckendreifachosteotomie ; Key words Rapid prototyping ; Internal hemipelvectomy ; Pelvic tumors ; Revision surgery ; Periacetabular osteotomy ; Computer-assisted manufacturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary X-ray or CT images allow only a limited three-dimensional orientation in presurgical planning. Especially for the planning of internal hemipelvectomies with custom-made endoprosthesis and for periacetabular osteotomies a high-grade orientation is necessary. This orientation is improved by a 3D CT-controlled manufactured 1:1 model of the pelvis. This enables an exact classification of defect and deformity, planning of resection planes, design of the suitable custom-made implant and simulation of the operation technique as preoperative quality control.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Röntgen- oder CT-Bilder ergeben nur begrenzt eine dreidimensionale Orientierung. Insbesondere in der Planung von endoprothetischem Beckenteilersatz verbessert ein reales lebensgroßes Modell aus CT-Daten wesentlich die räumliche Orientierung hinsichtlich Resektionsebenen, Konzeption von individuellen Implantaten und einzelnen Operationsschritten. In der Planung der Beckendreifachosteotomie, speziell bei hochgradigen Deformitäten der Pfanne, ermöglicht das „rapid prototyping“ eine exaktere Bestimmung der Fehlstellung und deren Korrektur am Modell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The abundance and biomass of sympagic meiofauna were studied during three cruises to the Antarctic and one summer expedition to the central Arctic Ocean. Ice samples were collected by ice coring and algal pigment concentrations and meiofauna abundances were determined for entire cores. Median meiofauna abundances for the expeditions ranged from 4.4 to 139.5 × 103 organisms m−2 in Antarctic sea ice and accounted for 40.6 × 103 organisms m−2 in Arctic multi-year sea ice. While most taxa (ciliates, foraminifers, turbellarians, crustaceans) were common in both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, nematodes and rotifers occurred only in the Arctic. Based on the calculated biomass, the potential meiofauna ingestion rates were determined by applying an allometric model. For both hemispheres, daily and yearly potential ingestion rates were below the production values of the ice algal communities, pointing towards non-limited feeding conditions for ice meiofauna year-round.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 727-733 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of ice organisms was investigated in Fram Strait in May 1988 during the ARK V/1 expedition on RV Polarstern. Over a 3 week period the abundances of bacteria, diatoms, auto- and heterotrophic flagellates as well as various groups of meiofauna organisms were observed in the lowermost 30 cm of an ice floe. Data were obtained from three experimental fields under three different light regimes as a result of manipulations of the snow cover. The application of multivariate factor analysis on this time series data set resulted in the characterization of four succession stages of an Arctic sea ice community: 1) the diatom bottom assemblage, 2) the mixed autotrophic assemblage, 3) the mixed auto- and heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage, and 4) the heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage. The two most abundant meiofauna groups (Turbellaria, Ciliata) showed different preferences according to algal distribution. While turbellarians were most abundant in samples with mixed populations of diatoms and flagellates, ciliates reached their abundance maxima in samples dominated by diatoms, suggesting different prey selections. We have developed a model for the explanation of the spatial separation of auto- and heterotrophic organisms, highlighting the possible role of DOC production by ice algae and DOC transport with brine flow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 102-109 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Our investigations in human specimens and animal experiments show that prostheses with a spongy metal surface can become fixed by bony ingrowth to varying degrees. After consistent clinical and radiological follow-up over 12–65 months (mean 34 months) in a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients in whom 106 cementless total hip replacements had been carried out, we were able to show that after 1 year 82% of patients were pain-free with the prosthesis fixed by bony ingrowth, 8% were pain-free with the prosthesis fixed by dense fibrous tissue and 10% were not pain-free, but did not want revision surgery. Thigh pain decreased steadily from 53% 3 months postoperatively to 6.6% 15 months after operation. We believe that, when the implantation technique is exact, a high percentage of cementless spongy metal prostheses are fixed by bony ingrowth, and that a cementless prosthesis should be implanted only in patients under 60 years of age without osteoporosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 112 (1992), S. 36-38 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Osteoblastoma, defined as a benign bone tumor by Jaffe and Lichtenstein, together with osteoid osteoma and multifocal osteoblastoma, belongs to the osteoblastic tumors. Due to the variable features of this tumor, differential diagnosis comprises fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst and osteoid osteoma; histological analysis is the only way to obtain a definite answer about the tumor type. Occasionally differential diagnosis from aggressive osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma may be difficult. The history of symptoms is usually long and diagnosis may be difficult both clinically and histologically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 447-452 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The seasonal occurrence of picocyanobacteria in the Greenland Sea and Arctic Ocean was investigated during four expeditions in May–June 1987 and 1988, August–October 1991, and November–December 1988 by epifluorescence microscopy. In early summer, the abundance of picocyanobacteria was related to water masses: they were nearly absent in polar water, whereas they occurred in high concentrations (up to 5470 cells ml−1) in Atlantic Water. During autumn and beginning of winter, the abundances of picocyanobacteria remained around 103 cells ml−1. Their relative contribution to total picoplanktonic algal abundance increased from 0% during spring/summer to 70–80% in late autumn, as a result of a decrease in the abundance of eucaryotic picoalgae. Consequently, the impact of picocyanobacteria on Arctic epipelagic carbon and energy flow is of minor importance, and the strong contribution of picoplankton algae to biomass and primary productivity in Arctic seas has to be attributed to eucaryotic species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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