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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Biology of Polar Regions. (2008)
    Oxford :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Details
    Keywords: Ecology -- Polar Regions. ; Natural history -- Polar Regions. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: There is an increased awareness of the importance of polar regions, and their vulnerability to anthropogenic derived change. This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to polar ecology. The emphasis is on the organisms that dominate these environments although pollution, conservation and experimental aspects are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (409 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780191538261
    Series Statement: Biology of Habitats Series
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3053059
    DDC: 578.0911
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to the polar regions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The energy balances of the polar regions -- 1.3 Climate -- 1.4 Thermohaline circulation -- 1.5 El Nino Southern Oscillation -- 1.6 Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations -- 1.7 Magnetic and electrical phenomena -- 2 Stress, adaptation, and survival in polar regions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Life at low temperatures -- 2.3 Desiccation -- 2.4 The effects of radiation -- 2.5 Biological rhythms in the polar environment -- 3 Periglacial and terrestrial habitats in polar regions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Substrata -- 3.3 Communities -- 3.4 The physiological ecology of polar plants and invertebrates -- 3.5 Specialized communities -- 3.6 Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic terrestrial habitats and communities -- 4 Glacial habitats in polar regions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Life in the interior of polar ice sheets and glaciers -- 4.3 Life at the margin -- 4.4 The snow alga community -- 4.5 Wider perspectives -- 5 Inland waters in polar regions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Arctic lakes -- 5.3 Antarctic lakes -- 5.4 Streams and rivers -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 6 Open oceans in polar regions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Gradients in waters -- 6.3 The plankton -- 6.4 The physiological ecology of polar phytoplankton -- 6.5 The zooplankton -- 6.6 Squid -- 6.7 Fish -- 6.8 The polar marine pelagic systems -- 7 Frozen oceans in polar regions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The physical characteristics of sea ice -- 7.3 The biology of sea ice -- 7.4 The ice edge -- 7.5 Polynyas -- 7.6 The wider significance of sea ice biology -- 8 Marine benthos in polar regions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The littoral zone -- 8.3 The shallow sublittoral zone -- 8.4 The benthos of deep waters -- 8.5 Benthos under ice shelves -- 8.6 Seasonality and dynamics of benthic communities. , 8.7 Comparisons and conclusions -- 9 Birds and mammals in polar regions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Seabirds -- 9.3 Seals -- 9.4 Whales -- 9.5 Bears and foxes -- 10 Climate change in polar regions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Changes during geological time: the ice ages -- 10.3 Biological responses to long-term changes -- 10.4 Present-day global climate change and polar regions -- 11 Human impact on polar regions -- 11.1 The first invasions by humans -- 11.2 The ecology of pre-industrial humans in the Arctic -- 11.3 Sealing and whaling -- 11.4 Hunting -- 11.5 Fishing -- 11.6 Pastoral and agriculture development -- 11.7 Introduction of non-native organisms by humans -- 11.8 Mineral and oil extraction -- 11.9 Pollution -- 11.10 Tourism -- 11.11 Military uses of the polar regions -- 11.12 Conservation -- 12 Some conclusions -- Further reading and web resources -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal occurrence of picocyanobacteria in the Greenland Sea and central Arctic Ocean (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal occurrence of picocyanobacteria in the Greenland Sea and Arctic Ocean was investigated during four expeditions in May–June 1987 and 1988, August–October 1991, and November–December 1988 by epifluorescence microscopy. In early summer, the abundance of picocyanobacteria was related to water masses: they were nearly absent in polar water, whereas they occurred in high concentrations (up to 5470 cells ml−1) in Atlantic Water. During autumn and beginning of winter, the abundances of picocyanobacteria remained around 103 cells ml−1. Their relative contribution to total picoplanktonic algal abundance increased from 0% during spring/summer to 70–80% in late autumn, as a result of a decrease in the abundance of eucaryotic picoalgae. Consequently, the impact of picocyanobacteria on Arctic epipelagic carbon and energy flow is of minor importance, and the strong contribution of picoplankton algae to biomass and primary productivity in Arctic seas has to be attributed to eucaryotic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239722
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical fine structure of the biomass and composition of algal communities in Arctic pack ice (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 133 (1999), S. 745-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biomass and composition of algal communities in sea ice were studied during two summer expeditions to the central Arctic Ocean and the Greenland Sea. Based on algal pigment determination and cell counts, high biomass accumulations were found at the surface, in the interior and in the bottom layer of the ice floes. Pennate diatoms dominated in the bottom layer, while phototrophic flagellates and cysts of unknown origin were the most abundant taxa in the upper parts. The lowermost 20 to 40 cm contained between 4 and 62% of the entire algal biomass. Consequently, ice biological studies, which deal only with the bottom few centimetres of the ice floes, will underestimate algal biomass and production by factors of up to 25. Differences between the results of this study and published data from coastal locations point towards different biological regimes in Arctic sea ice. The algal biomass in coastal ice is about two orders of magnitude higher and composed mainly of diatoms, probably supported by nutrient influx from the water column. In the pack ice of the central Arctic, nutrient supply is probably reduced, and flagellates contribute substantially to total algal biomass. However, methodological problems might partially be responsible for the observed differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zementlose Endoprothesenverankerung mittels trabekulären, dreidimensional interkonnektierenden Oberflächenstrukturen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endoprothese ; Oberflächenstruktur ; Verankerung ; Wirksame Oberfläche ; Key words Total hip replacement ; Surface of endoprosthesis ; Materials and testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary While the principle of enlarging the surface area has been recognized and used in different ways for some time, there is often no schematic, detailed description or fundamental research. Taking a surface structure consisting of trabecular three-dimensional connecting elements, essential parameters are shown, making it clear that the flexible dynamic reaction of the effective „anchoring space“ with a suitable specified shape (construction height, alignment, network) can be reproducibly shaped and used. This has led to a hip endoprosthesis with a graduated surface structure. The construction height of the trabecular structure varies, decreasing from proximal to distal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während früh das Prinzip der Oberflächenvergrößerung erkannt und in verschiedenen Formen eingesetzt wurde, fehlt es weitgehend an einer schematisierten und detaillierten Beschreibung sowie entsprechenden Gundlagenuntersuchungen. Anhand einer aus trabekulären Grundelementen aufgebauten, dreidimensional interkonnektierenden Oberflächenstruktur werden wesentliche Parameter dargestellt, wobei deutlich wird, daß das elastisch-dynamische Verhalten des wirksamen „Verankerungsraums“ bei geeigneter normierter Gestaltung (Bauhöhe, Ausrichtung, Vernetzung) reproduzierbar gestaltet und genutzt werden kann. Dies führte zu einer Hüftendoprothese mit graduiert gestalteter Oberflächenstruktur mit einer von proximal nach distal variierenden (abnehmenden) Bauhöhe dieser trabekulären Strukturen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003365
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure and development of Arctic pack ice communities in Fram Strait: a multivariate approach (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 727-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of ice organisms was investigated in Fram Strait in May 1988 during the ARK V/1 expedition on RV Polarstern. Over a 3 week period the abundances of bacteria, diatoms, auto- and heterotrophic flagellates as well as various groups of meiofauna organisms were observed in the lowermost 30 cm of an ice floe. Data were obtained from three experimental fields under three different light regimes as a result of manipulations of the snow cover. The application of multivariate factor analysis on this time series data set resulted in the characterization of four succession stages of an Arctic sea ice community: 1) the diatom bottom assemblage, 2) the mixed autotrophic assemblage, 3) the mixed auto- and heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage, and 4) the heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage. The two most abundant meiofauna groups (Turbellaria, Ciliata) showed different preferences according to algal distribution. While turbellarians were most abundant in samples with mixed populations of diatoms and flagellates, ciliates reached their abundance maxima in samples dominated by diatoms, suggesting different prey selections. We have developed a model for the explanation of the spatial separation of auto- and heterotrophic organisms, highlighting the possible role of DOC production by ice algae and DOC transport with brine flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238874
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrated abundance and biomass of sympagic meiofauna in Arctic and Antarctic pack ice (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The abundance and biomass of sympagic meiofauna were studied during three cruises to the Antarctic and one summer expedition to the central Arctic Ocean. Ice samples were collected by ice coring and algal pigment concentrations and meiofauna abundances were determined for entire cores. Median meiofauna abundances for the expeditions ranged from 4.4 to 139.5 × 103 organisms m−2 in Antarctic sea ice and accounted for 40.6 × 103 organisms m−2 in Arctic multi-year sea ice. While most taxa (ciliates, foraminifers, turbellarians, crustaceans) were common in both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, nematodes and rotifers occurred only in the Arctic. Based on the calculated biomass, the potential meiofauna ingestion rates were determined by applying an allometric model. For both hemispheres, daily and yearly potential ingestion rates were below the production values of the ice algal communities, pointing towards non-limited feeding conditions for ice meiofauna year-round.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential effect of ice formation on Antarctic pelagic copepods: salinity induced mortality of Calanus propinquus and Metridia gerlachei in comparison to sympagic acoel turbellarians (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The salinity tolerance of two dominant Antarctic planktic copepods (Calanus propinquus and Metridia gerlachei) was tested over a range from 34 to 85 PSU and compared with that of sympagic turbellarians. The copepods survived only at a salinity of 34, higher salinities causing death within days. The turbellarians survived at salinities up to 75. The data imply that C. propinquus and M. gerlachei will not survive incorporation into newly forming sea ice because of the increasing brine salinity in new ice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050288
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of phytoplankton communities in relation to the large-scale hydrographical regime in the Fram Strait (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 111 (1991), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In June and July 1984 phytoplankton distribution was investigated in the Fram Strait between Greenland and Svalbard. Chlorophylla, particulate organic carbon, nitrate and phytoplankton species composition were determined from six different depths in the upper 200 m of the water column. Multivariate analysis methods were applied to identify phytoplankton communities in relation to different hydrographic regimes. Three main domains could be distinguished in terms of both hydrography and biology: (1) the East Greenland shelf polynya with a high biomass mainly produced by chain-forming diatoms, (2) the ice-covered East Greenland Current with an extremely low standing stock dominated by flagellates and (3) the marginal ice zone with a biomass maximum in 20 to 40 m depth formed by diatoms, dinoflagellates andPhaeocystis pouchetii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319714
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cementless prosthesis of the hip joint with “spongy metal” surface (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 111 (1992), S. 102-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our investigations in human specimens and animal experiments show that prostheses with a spongy metal surface can become fixed by bony ingrowth to varying degrees. After consistent clinical and radiological follow-up over 12–65 months (mean 34 months) in a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients in whom 106 cementless total hip replacements had been carried out, we were able to show that after 1 year 82% of patients were pain-free with the prosthesis fixed by bony ingrowth, 8% were pain-free with the prosthesis fixed by dense fibrous tissue and 10% were not pain-free, but did not want revision surgery. Thigh pain decreased steadily from 53% 3 months postoperatively to 6.6% 15 months after operation. We believe that, when the implantation technique is exact, a high percentage of cementless spongy metal prostheses are fixed by bony ingrowth, and that a cementless prosthesis should be implanted only in patients under 60 years of age without osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443476
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current problem cases Osteoblastoma of the coccyx (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 112 (1992), S. 36-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoblastoma, defined as a benign bone tumor by Jaffe and Lichtenstein, together with osteoid osteoma and multifocal osteoblastoma, belongs to the osteoblastic tumors. Due to the variable features of this tumor, differential diagnosis comprises fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst and osteoid osteoma; histological analysis is the only way to obtain a definite answer about the tumor type. Occasionally differential diagnosis from aggressive osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma may be difficult. The history of symptoms is usually long and diagnosis may be difficult both clinically and histologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431042
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