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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Interaction between accretionary thrust faulting and slope sedimentation at the frontal Makran accretionary prism and its implications for hydrocarbon fluid seepage
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 115, No. B8 ( 2010-08-25)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 115, No. B8 ( 2010-08-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JB006246
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 2
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    Seismic reflectivity anomalies in sediments at the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Evidence for fluid migration?
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 104, No. B7 ( 1999-07-10), p. 15351-15364
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. B7 ( 1999-07-10), p. 15351-15364
    Abstract: A high‐resolution seismic survey was carried out in the vicinity of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 168 drill sites at the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Three seismic systems with different source frequencies up to 4000 Hz were used simultaneously along each seismic line. The data sets were combined to provide the best possible resolution at any given depth level. An integrated interpretation of narrow zones of low reflection amplitudes is presented, which are related to basement highs but are independent of seafloor topography. The effect is most pronounced above a buried basement ridge in the vicinity of ODP Sites 1030 and 1031, where higher porosity values are present. Higher porosities can reduce seismic impedance contrasts and may therefore cause the observed low reflection amplitudes. In addition, Biot‐Stoll's [ Biot , 1956a, b; Stoll , 1989] model suggests that attenuation coefficients are porosity dependent and reflection amplitudes are further decreased at higher seismic frequencies when porosity increases. Since zones of higher porosities are potential pathways for fluids, they may be associated with hydrothermally driven fluid discharge, which was previously predicted above the buried basement ridge. It is therefore proposed that the observed seismic amplitude reduction in the vicinity of ODP Sites 1030 and 1031 indicates zones of upward fluid migration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JB900061
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 3
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    Sedimentation patterns, folding, and fluid upflow above a buried basement ridge: Results from 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys at the eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge flank
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 111, No. B8 ( 2006)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. B8 ( 2006)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 4
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    A conceptual model for hydrocarbon accumulation and seepage processes around Chapopote asphalt site, southern Gulf of Mexico: From high resolution seismic point of view
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 113, No. B8 ( 2008-08)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. B8 ( 2008-08)
    Abstract: As part of the German R/V Meteor M67/2 expedition in 2006 to the southern Gulf of Mexico, a set of 2D high resolution seismic profiles was acquired across the Chapopote knoll to study seafloor asphalt occurrences. On the basis of regional seismostratigraphic studies and DSDP drilling, a more highly reflective, coarse‐grained sediment unit of late Miocene age is identified as a potential shallow hydrocarbon reservoir. Although a unit of that age would typically be buried by Pliocene and Pleistocene sediment cover, at Chapopote, local salt tectonism has highly elevated the structure since the late Miocene, and the Miocene reservoir is locally above present‐day regional datum. The elevation resulted in a thin (100–200 m), fine grained sediment cover on the crest of the knoll above the reservoir. Because oil and gas production can be expected at depth in Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary source rocks, the presence of high‐amplitude reflector packages within the reservoir unit is interpreted as an evidence of hydrocarbons. This is variously supported by observations of crosscutting reflectors, polarity reversal, and drops in instantaneous frequency. The thin seal above the reservoir unit facilitates leakage of trapped hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons apparently invaded into the seal sediments in the wider vicinity around the crest of the knoll, even extending beyond the area where seafloor asphalt is known. The asphalt site thus may be a currently active spot, while the rest of the crest may be temporarily sealed by solid phase hydrocarbons. We propose that a shallow, large reservoir with deeply sourced, relatively heavy petroleum is principally responsible for the formation of asphalts on the seafloor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JB005484
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 5
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    Geomorphological and seismostratigraphic evidence for multidirectional polyphase glaciation of the northern Celtic Sea
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-04), p. 465-478
    Details
    In: Journal of Quaternary Science, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2020-04), p. 465-478
    Abstract: High‐resolution seismic and bathymetric data offshore southeast Ireland and LIDaR data in County Waterford are presented that partially overlap previous studies. The observed Quaternary stratigraphic succession offshore southeast Ireland (between Dungarvan and Kilmore Quay) records a sequence of depositional and erosional events that supports regional glacial models derived from nearby coastal sediment stratigraphies and landforms. A regionally widespread, acoustically massive facies interpreted as the ‘Irish Sea Till’ infills an uneven, channelized bedrock surface overlying irregular mounds and deposits in bedrock lows that are probably earlier Pleistocene diamicts. The till is truncated and overlain by a thin, stratified facies, suggesting the development of a regional palaeolake following ice recession of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. A north–south oriented seabed ridge to the north is interpreted as an esker, representing southward flowing subglacial drainage associated with a restricted ice sheet advance of the Irish Ice Sheet onto the Celtic Sea shelf. Onshore topographic data reveal streamlined bedforms that corroborate a southerly advance of ice onto the shelf across County Waterford. The combined evidence supports previous palaeoglaciological models. Significantly, for the first time, this study defines a southern limit for a Late Midlandian Irish Ice Sheet advance onto the Celtic Sea shelf. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0267-8179 , 1099-1417
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jqs.v35.3
    DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3189
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    DataSheet1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 11 ( 2023-2-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-2-8)
    Abstract: Seafloor depressions (SD) are features commonly observed on the ocean floor. They often occur as circular, small-sized (up to 10 s of m) incisions caused by fluid expulsion. Larger depressions (100s m to km) are considerably less abundant, and their origin and development have been scarcely studied. This study investigated two giant morphological depressions ( & gt;5 km) using recently acquired multibeam bathymetry and backscatter, sediment echosounder, and high-resolution seismic data. An arc-shaped (SD-N) and a sub-circular depression (SD-S) are located on the Ewing Terrace at the Argentine Continental Margin north and south of the Mar del Plata Canyon, respectively. The study area is influenced by the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence, where major counterflowing ocean currents affect sedimentation, and northward flowing currents form a large contourite depositional system. Using an existing seismo-stratigraphy, the onset of SD-N was dated to the middle Miocene (∼15–17 Ma), whereas SD-S started developing at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (∼6 Ma). Acoustic anomalies indicate the presence of gas and diffuse upward fluid migration, and therefore seafloor seepage is proposed as the initial mechanism for SD-S, whereas we consider a structural control for SD-N to be most likely. Initial depressions were reworked and maintained by strong and variable bottom currents, resulting in prograding clinoform reflection patterns (SD-N) or leading to the build-up of extensive cut-and-fill structures (SD-S). Altogether, this study highlights the evolution of two unique and complex seafloor depressions throughout the geologic past under intense and variable bottom current activity in a highly dynamic oceanographic setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1117013
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1117013.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Estimating the free gas content in Baltic Sea sediments using compressional wave velocity from marine seismic data
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 119, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 8577-8593
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 119, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 8577-8593
    Abstract: Velocities from high‐resolution seismic data can be used to quantify shallow gas Gas volume fraction in the gas‐charged Holocene mud is an average 0.046% Free gas occurs vertically throughout most of the Holocene mud in the Baltic
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9313 , 2169-9356
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrb.v119.12
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JB010989
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 8
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    Frequency dependence in seismoacoustic imaging of shallow free gas due to gas bubble resonance
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 120, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 8056-8072
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 8056-8072
    Abstract: Seismoacoustic imaging of shallow gas is strongly frequency dependent Resonance frequency of gas bubbles in marine sediments is identified from sediment echosounder data Gas bubble sizes in Bornholm Basin sediments range between 1 and 4–6 mm in diameter
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9313 , 2169-9356
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrb.v120.12
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JB012523
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
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    Modeling seismic reflection patterns from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 168 core density logs: Insight into lateral variations in physical properties and sediment input at the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 106, No. B8 ( 2001-08-10), p. 16119-16133
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. B8 ( 2001-08-10), p. 16119-16133
    Abstract: At the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, single‐channel and multichannel very high resolution seismic data were recorded with a water gun and two Generator‐Injector Guns, which provided different source frequencies. To ground truth the seismic records, traces were visually correlated with reflection patterns of synthetic seismograms calculated from closely spaced density measurements on Ocean Drilling Program Leg 168 drill cores. The quality of both core logging and seismic data is sufficiently high to reveal a relation between density variations and seismic reflections at higher source frequencies. This suggests that density approximates subbottom variations in seismic impedance. The core density data are also sufficient to model a frequency‐dependent decrease in seismic reflection amplitudes, which is observed above a buried basement ridge. This indicates that low reflectivity in recorded traces is independent of processing artifacts, rough topography, or seafloor inclination and can be related to locally low in situ sediment density and high porosity, which appear to be associated with fluid flow. Further, the part of the amplitude decrease, which is due to an overall reduction of density contrasts, appears to be frequency‐dependent. In addition, the comparison between seismic records and core data reveals distinct depositional environments, which are divided by the buried basement ridge. In the western part of the study area a transition from an older to a younger part of the sediment section is observed. The former is characterized by focused turbiditic input in the vicinity of ODP Site 1024 and a gradual decrease in grain size toward ODP Site 1025. In the younger part, however, much thinner turbidites were deposited more evenly between both sites. Only one seismic reflector can be traced throughout the study area, suggesting that only major turbiditic events are capable of affecting both sides of the ridge. The sediment thickness above this reflector indicates that average accumulation rates for the youngest part of the sediments east and west of the ridge are rather similar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001JB900005
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 10
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    Seismic morphologies of submerged late glacial to Early Holocene landscapes at the eastern Dogger Bank, central North Sea Basin – implications for geo-archaeological potential
    Geological Society of London ; 2024
    In:  Geological Society, London, Special Publications Vol. 525, No. 1 ( 2024-09)
    Details
    In: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society of London, Vol. 525, No. 1 ( 2024-09)
    Abstract: The inundated Doggerland in the North Sea Basin has been a coveted research target for many years owing to its key location with respect to geological evolution since the last glaciation and its archaeological potential related to prehistoric hunter–gatherer populations. Still, many uncertainties related to glacial and sea-level forcing on erosion and deposition remain, and the first discovery of submerged settlements is yet to be reported. In this study, we present a range of seismic morphologies and facies characteristic for the late glacial and Holocene succession near a major drainage system at the eastern Dogger Bank. Five of these facies are dominant in the area while two facies can be associated with a terrestrial–fluvial landscape buried 0–22 m below the seafloor. We detect various erosion levels of the terrestrial–fluvial landscape that are greatest towards the south where sediment has been removed, probably owing to combined terrestrial–fluvial and marine erosion. We find that five subareas show geo-archaeological potential in terms of (1) the preservation degree of terrestrial strata based on erosion estimates, (2) the accessibility of terrestrial strata based on burial depths and (3) the palaeolandscape configuration based on the spatial setting in relation to the drainage system and the palaeocoastlines. We further document a geological evolution of the study area, which is comparable with the evolution at the western Dogger Bank. However, we find more evidence for an extended flooding period because of the vicinity to the major drainage system and the Elbe Paleo Valley. We propose that our approach can be used as a workflow for marine investigations that focus on submerged hunter–gatherer heritage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-8719 , 2041-4927
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1144/SP525-2021-155
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of London
    Publication Date: 2024
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