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  • 1
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    Carrying Capacity and Colonization Dynamics of Curvibacter in the Hydra Host Habitat (2018)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology, 9 . Art.Nr. 443.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: Most eukaryotic species are colonized by a microbial community – the microbiota – that is acquired during early life stages and is critical to host development and health. Much research has focused on the microbiota biodiversity during the host life, however, empirical data on the basic ecological principles that govern microbiota assembly is lacking. Here we quantify the contribution of colonizer order, arrival time and colonization history to microbiota assembly on a host. We established the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris and its dominant colonizer Curvibacter as a model system that enables the visualization and quantification of colonizer population size at the single cell resolution, in vivo, in real time. We estimate the carrying capacity of a single Hydra polyp as 2 × 105 Curvibacter cells, which is robust among individuals and time. Colonization experiments reveal a clear priority effect of first colonizers that depends on arrival time and colonization history. First arriving colonizers achieve a numerical advantage over secondary colonizers within a short time lag of 24 h. Furthermore, colonizers primed for the Hydra habitat achieve a numerical advantage in the absence of a time lag. These results follow the theoretical expectations for any bacterial habitat with a finite carrying capacity. Thus, Hydra colonization and succession processes are largely determined by the habitat occupancy over time and Curvibacter colonization history. Our experiments provide empirical data on the basic steps of host-associated microbiota establishment – the colonization stage. The presented approach supplies a framework for studying habitat characteristics and colonization dynamics within the host–microbe setting.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00443
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  • 2
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    Our uncounted partners (2011)
    Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean"
    In:  In: The Ocean Is Our Future : Kiel Marine Scientists On a Time Trip To 2100. Cluster of Excellence "The Future Ocean", Kiel, pp. 76-85. ISBN 978-3-00-036928-5
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: "The sea harbors partners we don't yet know." Thomas C. G. Bosch
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    OceanRep: Buchkapitel
  • 3
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    Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (9). pp. 3229-3236.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-02
    Beschreibung: In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218525110
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  • 4
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    Exploring the niche concept in a simple metaorganism (2020)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Organisms and their resident microbial communities - the microbiome - form a complex and mostly stable ecosystem. It is known that the composition of the microbiome and bacterial species abundances can have a major impact on host health and Darwinian fitness, but the processes that lead to these microbial patterns have not yet been identified. We here apply the niche concept and trait-based approaches as a first step in understanding the patterns underlying microbial community assembly and structure in the simple metaorganism Hydra. We find that the carrying capacities in single associations do not reflect microbiota densities as part of the community, indicating a discrepancy between the fundamental and realized niche. Whereas in most cases, the realized niche is smaller than the fundamental one, as predicted by theory, the opposite is observed for Hydra’s two main bacterial colonizers. Both, Curvibacter sp. and Duganella sp. benefit from association with the other members of the microbiome and reach higher fractions as compared to when they are the only colonizer. This cannot be linked to any particular trait that is relevant for interacting with the host or by the utilization of specific nutrients but is most likely determined by metabolic interactions between the individual microbiome members.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Microbial Species Coexistence Depends on the Host Environment (2020)
    American Society for Microbiology
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Organisms and their resident microbial communities form a complex and mostly stable ecosystem. It is known that the specific composition and abundance of certain bacterial species affect host health and fitness, but the processes that lead to these microbial patterns are unknown. We investigate this by deconstructing the simple microbiome of the freshwater polyp Hydra. We contrast the performance of its two main bacterial associates, Curvibacter and Duganella, on germfree hosts with two in vitro environments over time. We show that interactions within the microbiome but also the host environment lead to the observed species frequencies and abundances. More specifically, we find that both microbial species can only stably coexist in the host environment, whereas Duganella outcompetes Curvibacter in both in vitro environments irrespective of initial starting frequencies. While Duganella seems to benefit through secretions of Curvibacter, its competitive effect on Curvibacter depends upon direct contact. The competition might potentially be mitigated through the spatial distribution of the two microbial species on the host, which would explain why both species stably coexist on the host. Interestingly, the relative abundances of both species on the host do not match the relative abundances reported previously nor the overall microbiome carrying capacity as reported in this study. Both observations indicate that rare microbial community members might be relevant for achieving the native community composition and carrying capacity. Our study highlights that for dissecting microbial interactions the specific environmental conditions need to be replicated, a goal difficult to achieve with in vitro systems.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Resolving structure and function of metaorganisms through a holistic framework combining reductionist and integrative approaches (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Zoology, 133 . pp. 81-87.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Current research highlights the importance of associated microbes in contributing to the functioning, health, and even adaptation of their animal, plant, and fungal hosts. As such, we are witnessing a shift in research that moves away from focusing on the eukaryotic host sensu stricto to research into the complex conglomerate of the host and its associated microorganisms (i.e., microbial eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, and viruses), the so-called metaorganism, as the biological entity. While recent research supports and encourages the adoption of such an integrative view, it must be understood that microorganisms are not involved in all host processes and not all associated microorganisms are functionally important. As such, our intention here is to provide a critical review and evaluation of perspectives and limitations relevant to studying organisms in a metaorganism framework and the functional toolbox available to do so. We note that marker gene-guided approaches that primarily characterize microbial diversity are a first step in delineating associated microbes but are not sufficient to establish proof of their functional relevance. More sophisticated tools and experiments are necessary to reveal the specific functions of associated microbes. This can be accomplished through the study of metaorganisms in less complex environments, the targeted manipulation of microbial associates, or work at the mechanistic level with the toolbox available in model systems. We conclude that the metaorganism framework is a powerful new concept to help provide answers to longstanding biological questions such as the evolution and ecology of organismal complexity and the importance of organismal symbioses to ecosystem functioning. The intricacy of the metaorganism requires a holistic framework combining reductionist and integrative approaches to resolve metaorganism identities and to disclose the various roles that microorganisms play in the biology of their hosts.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.02.007
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  • 7
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    Molecular techniques and their limitations shape our view of the holobiont (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Zoology, 137 . Art.Nr. 125695.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: It is now recognised that the biology of almost any organism cannot be fully understood without recognising the existence and potential functional importance of associated microbes. Arguably, the emergence of this holistic viewpoint may never have occurred without the development of a crucial molecular technique, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, which allowed microbial communities to be easily profiled across a broad range of contexts. A diverse array of molecular techniques are now used to profile microbial communities, infer their evolutionary histories, visualise them in host tissues, and measure their molecular activity. In this review, we examine each of these categories of measurement and inference with a focus on the questions they make tractable, and the degree to which their capabilities and limitations shape our view of the holobiont.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.125695
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  • 8
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    Comparative analysis of amplicon and metagenomic sequencing methods reveals key features in the evolution of animal metaorganisms (2019)
    Nature Research
    In:  Microbiome, 7 (1). Art.Nr. 133.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Background The interplay between hosts and their associated microbiome is now recognized as a fundamental basis of the ecology, evolution, and development of both players. These interdependencies inspired a new view of multicellular organisms as “metaorganisms.” The goal of the Collaborative Research Center “Origin and Function of Metaorganisms” is to understand why and how microbial communities form long-term associations with hosts from diverse taxonomic groups, ranging from sponges to humans in addition to plants. Methods In order to optimize the choice of analysis procedures, which may differ according to the host organism and question at hand, we systematically compared the two main technical approaches for profiling microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing across our panel of ten host taxa. This includes two commonly used 16S rRNA gene regions and two amplification procedures, thus totaling five different microbial profiles per host sample. Conclusion While 16S rRNA gene-based analyses are subject to much skepticism, we demonstrate that many aspects of bacterial community characterization are consistent across methods. The resulting insight facilitates the selection of appropriate methods across a wide range of host taxa. Overall, we recommend single- over multi-step amplification procedures, and although exceptions and trade-offs exist, the V3 V4 over the V1 V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Finally, by contrasting taxonomic and functional profiles and performing phylogenetic analysis, we provide important and novel insight into broad evolutionary patterns among metaorganisms, whereby the transition of animals from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat marks a major event in the evolution of host-associated microbial composition.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0743-1
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  • 9
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    Symbiosis: the other cells in development (2022)
    The Company of Biologists
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Animal development is an inherently complex process that is regulated by highly conserved genomic networks, and the resulting phenotype may remain plastic in response to environmental signals. Despite development having been studied in a more natural setting for the past few decades, this framework often precludes the role of microbial prokaryotes in these processes. Here, we address how microbial symbioses impact animal development from the onset of gametogenesis through adulthood. We then provide a first assessment of which developmental processes may or may not be influenced by microbial symbioses and, in doing so, provide a holistic view of the budding discipline of developmental symbiosis.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Symbiont transmission in marine sponges: reproduction, development, and metamorphosis (2022)
    Springer | BioMed Central
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) form symbioses with diverse microbial communities that can be transmitted between generations through their developmental stages. Here, we integrate embryology and microbiology to review how symbiotic microorganisms are transmitted in this early-diverging lineage. We describe that vertical transmission is widespread but not universal, that microbes are vertically transmitted during a select developmental window, and that properties of the developmental microbiome depends on whether a species is a high or low microbial abundance sponge. Reproduction, development, and symbiosis are thus deeply rooted, but why these partnerships form remains the central and elusive tenet of these developmental symbioses.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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