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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spättoxizität nach präoperativer Kurzzeitvorbestrahlung und risikoadaptierter postoperativer Nachbestrahlung bei operablem Rektumkarzinom Resultate einer randomisierten prospektiven Studie (1999)
    Springer
    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 175 (1999), S. 430-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Präoperative Bestrahlung ; Operables Rektumkarzinom ; Postoperative Strahlentherapie ; Nebenwirkungen ; LENT-SOMA ; Key Words: Preoperative irradiation ; Operable carcinoma of the rectum ; Postoperative radiotherapy ; Side effects ; LENT-SOMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Aim: Analysis of a randomized study of preoperative radiation therapy for operable carcinoma of the rectum with regard to late sequelae. Results of tumor control and survival, which have already been published in detail are summarized for comparison and for confirmation of the conclusions. Patients and Methods: Between January 1988 and October 1993 94 patients with operable carcinoma of the rectum were included in a randomized trial. Fourty-seven patients were treated with 5 × 3.3 Gy (field size 16 × 16 cm, 9 MeV photons) 24 to 48 hours prior to surgery; 46 patients did not receive preoperative irradiation. If risk factors (T4-stage, R1/R2 resection, intraoperative tumor perforation) were present, postoperative irradiation was performed after CT-planning. Total postoperative doses of 41.4 Gy (preoperative irradiation) or 59.8 Gy (surgery only) were applied with doses per fraction of 1.8 to 2.0 Gy. Local control, survival, and pattern of side effects were analyzed at 5 years after conclusion of the trial. Results: The frequency of local recurrence was markedly reduced by preoperative irradiation in R0-resected patients (24% vs 13%, p = 0.08). The time to recurrence was delayed (1.9 vs 3 years). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was significantly higher in the preoperatively irradiated group compared to the not pre-irradiated group (40% vs 28%, p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed UICC-grading as the only independent parameter for local control (p = 0.0003), while preoperative irradiation (p = 0.07) and T-stage (p = 0.08) only displayed a trend. For patient survival, age (p = 0.0003), R.-status (p = 0.01) and UICC-score (p = 0.001) were significant prognostic factors. Preoperative irradiation had a non-significant effect only (p = 0.078). Radiation-induced side effects with a LENT-SOMA score 〉 2 were observed neither during frequent follow-up nor at an additional examination of those patients still alive in 1998 (n = 25). Of 4 pre- and postoperatively irradiated patients with risk factors, 3 had side effects grade 1 or 2, predominantly rectal changes, at 5 to 11 years after treatment. Conclusions: A positive effect on tumor control and survival is achieved with preoperative irradiation with the doses used in this study, with moderate side effects.
    Notes: Ziel: Auswertung einer randomisierten Studie zur präoperativen Strahlentherapie bei operablem Rektumkarzinom im Hinblick auf Spätnebenwirkungen. Die bereits ausführlich publizierten Ergebnisse zur Tumorkontrolle und zum Überleben werden zum Vergleich und zur Absicherung der Schlußfolgerungen dargestellt. Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen Januar 1988 und Oktober 1993 wurden in eine randomisierte Studie 94 Patienten mit operablem Rektumkarzinom einbezogen. 47 Patienten wurden mit 5mal 3,3 Gy (16 × 16 cm Feldgröße, 9-MeV-Photonenbestrahlung) präoperativ bestrahlt und 24 bis 48 Stunden danach operiert; 46 Patienten erhielten keine präoperative Strahlentherpie. Bei Vorliegen von Risikofaktoren (T4-Stadium, R1/R2-Resektion, intraoperative Tumorperforation) erfolgte eine CT-gestützt geplante postoperative Bestrahlung mit Einzeldosen von 1,8 bis 2,0 Gy und Gesamtdosen im Mittel von 41,4 Gy (präoperative Bestrahlung) und 59,8 Gy (nur postoperativ Bestrahlte). Es wurden lokale Kontrollen, Überleben und Nebenwirkungsmuster fünf Jahre nach Abschluß der Studie ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Zahl der Lokalrezidive in der R0-resezierten Gruppe konnte durch die Vorbestrahlung deutlich gesenkt werden (24 versus 17%, p = 0,08) und auf einen späteren Zeitpunkt (1,9 versus drei Jahre) verschoben werden. Das aktuarische Fünf-Jahres-Überleben war mit 49% in der vorbestrahlten gegenüber 28% in der nichtvorbestrahlten Gruppe signifikant (p = 0,027) günstiger. Eine multivariate Analyse erbrachte für die lokale Kontrolle als signifikant unabhängigen Parameter lediglich das UICC-Stadium (p = 0,0003). Die Vorbestrahlung (p = 0,07) und das T-Stadium (p = 0,08) zeigten einen statistischen Trend. Für das Überleben war das Alter der Patienten (p = 0,0003), das R-Kriterium (p = 0,01) und das UICC-Stadium (p = 0,001) prognostisch signifikant. Die Vorbestrahlung (p = 0,078) hatte auch hier einen noch nicht signifikanten Einfluß. Radiogene Nebenwirkungen 〉 Grad 2 (LENT-SOMA) konnten weder bei der engmaschigen Nachsorge aller Patienten noch in einer 1998 durchgeführten zusätzlichen Untersuchung der zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch lebenden bestrahlten Patienten (n = 25) beobachtet werden. Von vier prä- und postoperativ bestrahlten Patienten mit Risikofaktoren, die fünf bis elf Jahre nach der Behandlung nachuntersucht wurden, hatten drei Nebenwirkungen Grad 1 oder 2, wobei besonders die Enddarmstörungen klinisch bedeutsam waren. Schlußfolgerung: Die präoperative Bestrahlung in der genannten Dosierung zeigt einen positiven Effekt auf lokale Tumorkontrolle und Überleben bei moderaten Nebenwirkungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000660050032
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  • 2
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    Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Article Pulmonary carcinoids account for about 2% of pulmonary neoplasms. Here, the authors carry out gene copy number analysis, genome/exome, and transcriptome sequencing of pulmonary carcinoids and identify frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes that can drive tumorigenesis in these tumours. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4518 Authors: Lynnette Fernandez-Cuesta, Martin Peifer, Xin Lu, Ruping Sun, Luka Ozretić, Danila Seidel, Thomas Zander, Frauke Leenders, Julie George, Christian Müller, Ilona Dahmen, Berit Pinther, Graziella Bosco, Kathryn Konrad, Janine Altmüller, Peter Nürnberg, Viktor Achter, Ulrich Lang, Peter M. Schneider, Magdalena Bogus, Alex Soltermann, Odd Terje Brustugun, Åslaug Helland, Steinar Solberg, Marius Lund-Iversen, Sascha Ansén, Erich Stoelben, Gavin M. Wright, Prudence Russell, Zoe Wainer, Benjamin Solomon, John K. Field, Russell Hyde, Michael P. A. Davies, Lukas C. Heukamp, Iver Petersen, Sven Perner, Christine M. Lovly, Federico Cappuzzo, William D. Travis, Jürgen Wolf, Martin Vingron, Elisabeth Brambilla, Stefan A. Haas, Reinhard Buettner, Roman K. Thomas
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Arsenian pyrite-bearing altered volcanics dredged SE of Cheshire Seamount, western Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea (2013)
    Schweizerbart
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Print ISSN: 0077-7757
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Schweizerbart
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  • 4
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    The abundance of seafloor massive sulfide deposits (2011)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-01
    Description: The possibility of mining seafloor massive sulfide deposits has stirred debate about the sustainable use of this new resource and whether commercial development is worth the risk. Among the outstanding questions is how many deposits might be accessible to deep-sea mining. More than 300 sites of high-temperature hydrothermal venting have been identified since the discovery of black smokers, but significant massive sulfide accumulation has been found at only 165 of these sites. Estimates of the total number of vent fields and associated mineral deposits, based on plume studies and deposit occurrence models, range from 500 to 5000. We have used new deposit occurrence data from 10,000 km of ridge, arc, and backarc spreading centers to estimate the amount of massive sulfide in the easily accessible neovolcanic zones of the global oceans. The total accumulation in these areas is estimated to be on the order of 6 x 108 tonnes, containing [~]3 x 107 tonnes of copper and zinc. This is similar to the total discovered copper and zinc in Cenozoic massive sulfide deposits mined on land but is insufficient to satisfy a growing global demand for these metals.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 5
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    SANTORY: SANTORini’s Seafloor Volcanic ObservatorY (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Submarine hydrothermal systems along active volcanic ridges and arcs are highly dynamic, responding to both oceanographic (e.g., currents, tides) and deep-seated geological forcing (e.g., magma eruption, seismicity, hydrothermalism, and crustal deformation, etc.). In particular, volcanic and hydrothermal activity may also pose profoundly negative societal impacts (tsunamis, the release of climate-relevant gases and toxic metal(loid)s). These risks are particularly significant in shallow (〈1000m) coastal environments, as demonstrated by the January 2022 submarine paroxysmal eruption by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano that destroyed part of the island, and the October 2011 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands) that caused vigorous upwelling, floating lava bombs, and natural seawater acidification. Volcanic hazards may be posed by the Kolumbo submarine volcano, which is part of the subduction-related Hellenic Volcanic Arc at the intersection between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. There, the Kolumbo submarine volcano, 7 km NE of Santorini and part of Santorini’s volcanic complex, hosts an active hydrothermal vent field (HVF) on its crater floor (~500m b.s.l.), which degasses boiling CO2–dominated fluids at high temperatures (~265°C) with a clear mantle signature. Kolumbo’s HVF hosts actively forming seafloor massive sulfide deposits with high contents of potentially toxic, volatile metal(loid)s (As, Sb, Pb, Ag, Hg, and Tl). The proximity to highly populated/tourist areas at Santorini poses significant risks. However, we have limited knowledge of the potential impacts of this type of magmatic and hydrothermal activity, including those from magmatic gases and seismicity. To better evaluate such risks the activity of the submarine system must be continuously monitored with multidisciplinary and high resolution instrumentation as part of an in-situ observatory supported by discrete sampling and measurements. This paper is a design study that describes a new long-term seafloor observatory that will be installed within the Kolumbo volcano, including cutting-edge and innovative marine-technology that integrates hyperspectral imaging, temperature sensors, a radiation spectrometer, fluid/gas samplers, and pressure gauges. These instruments will be integrated into a hazard monitoring platform aimed at identifying the precursors of potentially disastrous explosive volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides of the hydrothermally weakened volcanic edifice and the release of potentially toxic elements into the water column.
    Description: Published
    Description: 796376
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Hydrothermal exploration of mid-ocean ridges : where might the largest sulfide deposits be forming? (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chemical Geology 420 (2016): 114-126, doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.11.006.
    Description: Here, we review the relationship between the distribution of modern-day seafloor hydrothermal activity along the global mid-ocean ridge crest and the nature of the mineral deposits being formed at those sites. Since the first discovery of seafloor venting, a sustained body of exploration has now prospected for one form of hydrothermal activity in particular – high temperature “black smoker” venting - along 〉30% of the global mid ocean ridge crest. While that still leaves most of that ~60,000km continuous network to be explored, some important trends have already emerged. First, it is now known that submarine venting can occur along all mid-ocean ridges, regardless of spreading rate, and in all ocean basins. Further, to a first approximation, the abundance of currently active venting, as deduced from water column plume signals, can be scaled linearly with seafloor spreading rate (a simple proxy for magmatic heat-flux). What can also be recognized, however, is that there is an “excess” of high temperature venting along slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges when compared to what was originally predicted from seafloor spreading / magmatic heat-budget models. An examination of hydrothermal systems tracked to source on the slow spreading Mid Atlantic Ridge reveals that no more than half of the sites responsible for the “black smoker” plume signals observed in the overlying water column are associated with magmatic systems comparable to those known from fast- spreading ridges. The other half of all currently known active high-temperature submarine systems on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are hosted under tectonic control. These systems appear both to be longer-lived than, and to give rise to much larger sulfide deposits than, their magmatic counterparts - presumably as a result of sustained fluid flow. A majority of these tectonic-hosted systems also involve water-rock interaction with ultramafic sources. Importantly, from a mineral resource perspective, this subset of tectonic-hosted vent-sites also represents the only actively-forming seafloor massive sulfide deposits on mid-ocean ridges that exhibit high concentrations of Cu and Au in their surface samples (〉10wt.% average Cu content and 〉3ppm average Au). Along ultraslow-spreading ridges, first detailed examinations of hydrothermally active 74 sites suggest that sulfide deposit formation at those sites may depart even further from the spreading-rate model than slow-spreading ridges do. Hydrothermal plume distributions along ultraslow ridges follow the same (~50:50) distribution of “black smoker” plume signals between magmatic and tectonics settings as the slow spreading MAR. However, the first three “black smoker” sites tracked to source on any ultra-slow ridges have all revealed high temperature vent-sites that host large polymetallic sulfide deposits in both magmatic as well as tectonic settings. Further, deposits in both types of setting have now been revealed to exhibit moderate to high concentrations of Cu and Au, respectively. An important implication is that ultra- slow ridges may represent the strongest mineral resource potential for the global ridge crest, despite being host to the lowest magmatic heat budget.
    Description: Preparation of this review has benefited from research support to CRG, SP and MDH from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA, from GEOMAR and the Helmholtz Foundation, Germany and from NSERC, Canada. The opportunity to discuss ideas and bring together our different perspectives - from water column geochemistry and seafloor massive sulfide studies - was facilitated by a Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to CRG.
    Description: 2016-11-14
    Keywords: Hydrothermal activity ; Seafloor massive sulfides ; Mid-ocean ridges ; Exploration ; Copper ; Gold
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 7
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    Volcanism, hydrothermal processes and faunal communities at shallow submarine volcanoes, Bransfield Back-Arc, Antarctica, Cruise Report RV Sonne Cruise SO-155 (BMBF FK 03G0155A), February 09 - March 28, 2001, Balboa (Panama) - Valparaiso (Chile) - Punta Arenas (Chile) - Valparaiso (Chile) (2001)
    TU Bergakademie Freiberg
    In:  EPIC3Freiberg, TU Bergakademie Freiberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Forschungsschiff / Research Vessel MARIA S. MERIAN : Reise Nr. 03/2 / Cruise No.03/2 ; 08.11.2006 30.11.2006 ; HYDROMAR IV ; Die 3. Dimension des Logatchev‐Hydrothermalfeldes / The 3rd dimension of the Logatchev hydrothermal field (2006)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Cruise Report MARIA S. MERIAN 03/2, ISSN 0935‐9974, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 91 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 9
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    Cruise Report : Atalante Cruise Leg 1 ; HYDROMAR V (replacement of cruise MSM06/2) ; 04.12.07 Toulon to 02.01.08 Recife (2008)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Atalante Cruise Leg 1 HYDROMAR V, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 117 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 10
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    The discovery and preliminary geological and faunal descriptions of three new Steinahóll vent sites, Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(520713), pp. 1-20, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-06
    Description: During RV MS Merian expedition MSM75, an international, multidisciplinary team explored the Reykjanes Ridge from June to August 2018. The first area of study, Steinahóll (150–350 m depth), was chosen based on previous seismic data indicating hydrothermal activity. The sampling strategy included ship- and AUV-mounted multibeam surveys, Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), Epibenthic Sledge (EBS), and van Veen grab (vV) deployments. Upon returning to Steinahóll during the final days of MSM75, hydrothermal vent sites were discovered using the ROV Phoca (Kiel, GEOMAR). Here we describe and name three new, distinct hydrothermal vent site vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs); Hafgufa, Stökkull, Lyngbakr. The hydrothermal vent sites consisted of multiple anhydrite chimneys with large quantities of bacterial mats visible. The largest of the three sites (Hafgufa) was mapped, and reconstructed in 3D. In total 23,310 individual biological specimens were sampled comprising 41 higher taxa. Unique fauna located in the hydrothermally venting areas included two putative new species of harpacticoid copepod (Tisbe sp. nov. and Amphiascus sp. nov.), as well as the sponge Lycopodina cupressiformis (Carter, 1874). Capitellidae Grube, 1862 and Dorvilleidae Chamberlin, 1919 families dominated hydrothermally influenced samples for polychaetes. Around the hydrothermally influenced sites we observed a notable lack of megafauna, with only a few species being present. While we observed hydrothermal associations, the overall species composition is very similar to that seen at other shallow water vent sites in the north of Iceland, such as the Mohns Ridge vent fields, particularly with peracarid crustaceans. We therefore conclude the community overall reflects the usual “background” fauna of Iceland rather than consisting of “vent endemic” communities as is observed in deeper vent systems, with a few opportunistic species capable of utilizing this specialist environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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