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Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks (2008)

Glibert, Patricia M. ; Azanza, Rhodora ; Burford, Michele ; [weitere]

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (2008): 1049-1056, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010.

Beschreibung: The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.

Beschreibung: This paper was developed under the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) core research project on HABs and Eutrophication and the GEOHAB regional focus on HABs in Asia. GEOHAB is supported by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), which are, in turn, supported by multiple agencies, including NSF and NOAA of the USA.

Schlagwort(e): Urea dumping ; Ocean fertilization ; Carbon credits ; Sulu Sea ; Carbon sequestration ; Harmful algae ; Toxic dinoflagellates ; Cyanobacteria ; Hypoxia

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Materialart: Preprint

Format: application/pdf

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Global distributions of diazotrophs abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates - Gridded data product (NetCDF) - Contribution to the MAREDAT World Ocean Atlas of Plankton Functional Types (2012)

Luo, Yawei ; Doney, Scott C ; Anderson, L A ; [weitere]

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In: Supplement to: Luo, Yawei; Doney, Scott C; Anderson, L A; Benavides, Mar; Berman-Frank, I; Bode, Antonio; Bonnet, S; Boström, Kjärstin H; Böttjer, D; Capone, D G; Carpenter, E J; Chen, Yaw-Lin; Church, Matthew J; Dore, John E; Falcón, Luisa I; Fernández, A; Foster, R A; Furuya, Ken; Gomez, Fernando; Gundersen, Kjell; Hynes, Annette M; Karl, David Michael; Kitajima, Satoshi; Langlois, Rebecca; LaRoche, Julie; Letelier, Ricardo M; Marañón, Emilio; McGillicuddy Jr, Dennis J; Moisander, Pia H; Moore, C Mark; Mouriño-Carballido, Beatriz; Mulholland, Margaret R; Needoba, Joseph A; Orcutt, Karen M; Poulton, Alex J; Rahav, Eyal; Raimbault, Patrick; Rees, Andrew; Riemann, Lasse; Shiozaki, Takuhei; Subramaniam, Ajit; Tyrrell, Toby; Turk-Kubo, Kendra A; Varela, Manuel; Villareal, Tracy A; Webb, Eric A; White, Angelicque E; Wu, Jingfeng; Zehr, Jonathan P (2012): Database of diazotrophs in global ocean: abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates. Earth System Science Data, 4, 47-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-47-2012

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-27

Beschreibung: The MAREDAT atlas covers 11 types of plankton, ranging in size from bacteria to jellyfish. Together, these plankton groups determine the health and productivity of the global ocean and play a vital role in the global carbon cycle. Working within a uniform and consistent spatial and depth grid (map) of the global ocean, the researchers compiled thousands and tens of thousands of data points to identify regions of plankton abundance and scarcity as well as areas of data abundance and scarcity. At many of the grid points, the MAREDAT team accomplished the difficult conversion from abundance (numbers of organisms) to biomass (carbon mass of organisms). The MAREDAT atlas provides an unprecedented global data set for ecological and biochemical analysis and modeling as well as a clear mandate for compiling additional existing data and for focusing future data gathering efforts on key groups in key areas of the ocean. This is a gridded data product about diazotrophic organisms . There are 6 variables. Each variable is gridded on a dimension of 360 (longitude) * 180 (latitude) * 33 (depth) * 12 (month). The first group of 3 variables are: (1) number of biomass observations, (2) biomass, and (3) special nifH-gene-based biomass. The second group of 3 variables is same as the first group except that it only grids non-zero data. We have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling more than 11,000 direct field measurements including 3 sub-databases: (1) nitrogen fixation rates, (2) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from cell counts and (3) cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances from qPCR assays targeting nifH genes. Biomass conversion factors are estimated based on cell sizes to convert abundance data to diazotrophic biomass. Data are assigned to 3 groups including Trichodesmium, unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (group A, B and C when applicable) and heterocystous cyanobacteria (Richelia and Calothrix). Total nitrogen fixation rates and diazotrophic biomass are calculated by summing the values from all the groups. Some of nitrogen fixation rates are whole seawater measurements and are used as total nitrogen fixation rates. Both volumetric and depth-integrated values were reported. Depth-integrated values are also calculated for those vertical profiles with values at 3 or more depths.

Schlagwort(e): MAREMIP; MARine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project

Materialart: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 1.7 MBytes

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