Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Introduction to "Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Tunisia" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Themes of the Book -- 1.3 Chapters' Summary -- 1.3.1 Remote Sensing and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 1.3.2 Remote Sensing and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 1.3.3 Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 1.3.4 Soil Degradation and Drought -- 1.3.5 Remote Sensing and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- References -- Part IIRS and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 2 Approaching the Tunisian Human Environment by Using RS and the Dasymetric Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Portraying the Density of Population: An Overview of the Methods in Use -- 2.3 The Dasymetric Method -- 2.4 Related Cartographic Literature -- 2.5 Advantages of the Dasymetric Method Applied to the Tunisian Territory -- 2.6 Methodology and Methods Implementation -- 2.7 Results and Discussion -- 2.8 Conclusion -- 2.9 Recommendations -- References -- 3 The Role of GIS as a Planning Tool in a Tunisian Urban Landscape, Sfax City -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 GIS and Planning of Green Spaces -- 3.3 GIS Assessement of Natural Space Planning in Sfax City -- 3.3.1 GIS Assessement of Urban Sprawl and Consumption of Agricultural Spaces in Sfax City -- 3.3.2 GIS Assessment of Green Space Consideration in the Sustainable Development Context -- 3.4 Green Spaces Issues in the Actors' Discourses -- 3.4.1 Complicated Mission of Local Authorities -- 3.4.2 An Active and Influential Civil Society -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Recommandations -- References -- 4 Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of the Meskat System Distribution in the Tunisian Sahel Region Using TM Landsat Images -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Meskat System. , 4.3 Recognition of the Meskat System Processing in Tunisian Sahel Region: Thematic Focus and Methodology -- 4.3.1 Study Area -- 4.3.2 Exploitation of Satellite Images -- 4.3.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results and Discussion -- 4.4.1 Land Use Mapping -- 4.4.2 Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Meskat System -- 4.4.3 Rate of Change of the Meskat System -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 4.6 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Spatial Distribution of Solanum elaeagnifolium in the Tunisian Arid Region Using GIS Tools -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Introducing Concepts and Terms -- 5.2.1 Definitions -- 5.2.2 Biological Invasion Process -- 5.3 Mapping Is an Effective Approach to Manage Invasive Alien Plants -- 5.4 Solanum elaeagnifolium Mapping Using GIS -- 5.4.1 Methodological Approach -- 5.5 Results and Discussion -- 5.5.1 EL Alam Land Cover Mapping in 2014-2015 -- 5.5.2 Solanum elaeagnifolium Spatial Distribution -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 5.7 Recommendations -- References -- 6 PROMETHEE and Geospatial Analysis to Rank Suitable Sites for Grombalia Aquifer Recharge with Reclaimed Water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.2.1 Description of the Study Area -- 6.2.2 Methodology -- 6.2.3 Calculation of Surface Needed for Aquifer Recharge -- 6.3 Results and Discussions -- 6.3.1 Spatial Datasets Used -- 6.3.2 Constraints Layer -- 6.3.3 Suitable Sites Ranking -- 6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Part IIIRS and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 7 Using RS and GIS to Mapping Land Cover of the Cap Bon (Tunisia) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Objectives of the Present Study -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.4 Documents Used -- 7.5 The Cap Bon as an Application Field -- 7.5.1 Overview of the Study Area -- 7.5.2 Model Space for a Better Understanding -- 7.5.3 The Conceptual, Logical and Physical Data Model -- 7.6 Creation of the Geodatabase -- 7.6.1 The Structure of the Geodatabase. , 7.6.2 The Image Processing and Loading of Datasets -- 7.6.3 The Implementation of the Geodatabase -- 7.7 Multiscalar Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use -- 7.7.1 Level 1 Mapping of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Cap Bon -- 7.7.2 Mapping Level 2 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Plain of Grombalia -- 7.7.3 Mapping Level 3 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Local Delegation of Soliman -- 7.8 Conclusion -- 7.9 Recommendations -- References -- 8 A GIS Based DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Methods to Assess Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution: Case Study of Oued Laya (Central Tunisia) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Assessment of Vulnerability of Shallow Aquifer to Pollution and Methodology -- 8.2.1 Study Area -- 8.2.2 Methodology -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Thematic Maps Presentation -- 8.4 Standard DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.5 Pesticide DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.6 SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.7 Standard DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.8 Conclusion -- 8.9 Recommendations -- References -- Part IVRS and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 9 Mapping Environmental Risk Degradation Under Climate Stress and Anthropogenic Pressure: Case Study of Abdeladim Watershed, Tunisia -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodological Framework -- 9.2.1 GIS: The Study's Relevance to Agricultural Productivity -- 9.2.2 The Steps of the Work -- 9.3 Conceptual and Methodological Framework -- 9.3.1 Sensitivity and Potential Sensitivity to Degradation: The Study's Interest in Preserving Agricultural Productivity -- 9.4 Abdeladim Watershed: A Fragile Natural Balanced Environment Undergoing Significant Anthropic Pressure -- 9.5 Trends in the Evolution of the River System/Hydrographic Network -- 9.5.1 Linear Erosion -- 9.5.2 Regressive Erosion -- 9.5.3 Lateral Erosion. , 9.6 Potential Sensitivity to Degradation -- 9.6.1 Potential Sensitivity to Agricultural Land Degradation to Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.6.2 Sensitivity of Sloping Agricultural Land to Degradation by Soil Loss -- 9.6.3 Sensitivity to Watercourse Erosion Degradation -- 9.7 Measures to Combat the  Degradation of Agricultural Lands -- 9.7.1 The Extension of Information -- 9.7.2 Control of Potential Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.7.3 Control of Potential Degradation by Loss of Soil -- 9.7.4 Control of Potential Degradation by Stormwater -- 9.8 Discussions -- 9.9 Conclusion -- 9.10 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Risk Assessment in Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Case Study: Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Conceptual Risk Framework -- 10.3.2 Workflow -- 10.3.3 Data Acquisition and Development of a Geodatabase -- 10.3.4 Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Based on the Urban Atlas Standard -- 10.3.5 Hazard Analysis -- 10.3.6 Exposure Analysis -- 10.3.7 Vulnerability and Integrated Risk Assessment -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 Flash Floods and Coastal Erosion in Monastir -- 10.4.2 Exposure to Flash Floods -- 10.4.3 Social Vulnerability and Flash Flood Risk -- 10.4.4 Web-Based Information System -- 10.5 Discussion and Lessons Learned -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part VSoil Degradation and Drought -- 11 Monitoring of Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Assessment of Soil Degradation Using Landsat TM and OLI Data in Zarzis Arid Region -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Land Degradation Constraints -- 11.2.3 Landsat Image Processing -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.3.1 ISOCLUST Classification -- 11.3.2 Land Use and Land Cover Maps of 2007 -- 11.3.3 Land Use and Land Cover of 2014 -- 11.3.4 Change Analysis Using the Land Change Modeler Tool. , 11.4 Conclusions -- 11.5 Recommendations -- References -- 12 Drought Assessment in Tunisia by Time-Series Satellite Images: An Ecohydrologic Approach -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Principles of the Ecohydrology -- 12.3 Remote Sensing Integration in Ecohydrological Approaches -- 12.3.1 Overview of Remote Sensing Principles -- 12.3.2 Concepts of Remote Sensing Uses in Ecohydrology -- 12.4 Humidity Canopy Assessment at the Ecoregion Level -- 12.5 Ecohydrology Equilibrium Assessment by Remote Sensing -- 12.5.1 Water Balance Modelling with Times-Series LAI-MODIS -- 12.5.2 Water Stress Index Effect on Ecohydrologic Equilibrium -- 12.6 Data Quality of MODIS -- 12.6.1 Calibration of LAI-MODIS -- 12.6.2 Quality Assessment of MODIS Time-Series Images -- 12.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part VIRS and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- 13 Monitoring of Dryland Vulnerability by Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Processing: Case of Wadi Bouhamed Watershed (Southern Tunisia) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Global Overview of Dryland Degradation -- 13.2.1 Erosion -- 13.2.2 Desertification -- 13.2.3 Factors Affecting Land Degradation -- 13.3 Modeling and Mapping Land Degradation -- 13.3.1 Image Transformations -- 13.3.2 Image Classifications -- 13.4 Study Area: The Wadi Bouhamed Watershed -- 13.4.1 Climate Context of the Studied Area -- 13.4.2 Vegetation Cover -- 13.4.3 Slope -- 13.4.4 Human Issues -- 13.4.5 Soil Conservation Management -- 13.5 Land Degradation Over the Watershed of Wadi Bouhamed -- 13.5.1 Methods and Multi-sources Data -- 13.5.2 Land Uses Changes in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Image Classification -- 13.5.3 Vegetation Cover in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by NDVI -- 13.5.4 Soils Distribution in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Brightness Index -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 13.7 Recommendations. , References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introducing the Book -- 1 Introduction to "Water Resources Management in Balkan Countries" -- Abstract -- 1.1 Balkan Countries: A Brief Background -- 1.1.1 Romania -- 1.1.2 Slovenia -- 1.1.3 Croatia -- 1.1.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 1.1.5 Serbia -- 1.1.6 Bulgaria -- 1.1.7 North Macedonia -- 1.1.8 Greece -- 1.1.9 Montenegro and Albania -- 1.1.9.1 Montenegro -- 1.1.9.2 Albania -- 1.2 Technical Aspects of Chapters Water Resources in Balkan Countries -- 1.2.1 Danube Delta Biosphere -- 1.2.2 Water Resources Management in Slovenia -- 1.2.3 Water Resource Management in Croatia -- 1.2.4 Water Resource Management in Bosna and Herzegovina -- 1.2.5 Water Resource Management in Serbia -- 1.2.6 Water Resource Management in Bulgaria -- 1.2.7 Water Resource Management in North Macedonia -- 1.2.8 Water Resources Management in Greece -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve-Long-Term Assessment of Water Quality -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Anthropogenic Pressures in the DDBR in the Last Half-Century -- 2.3 Legislation -- 2.4 Physical-Chemical Assessment-Trends and Evolution -- 2.5 Biological Assessment-Trends and Evolution -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 2.7 Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Water Resources Management in Slovenia -- 3 Water Resources in Slovenia -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Surface Water -- 3.3 Groundwater -- 3.4 The Adriatic Sea -- 3.5 Hydrological Natural Hazards -- 3.6 Water Management -- 3.7 Further Insights and Some Views on the Future -- 3.8 Conclusion -- 3.9 Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Induced Riverbank Filtration (IRBF) for Managed Artificial Groundwater Recharge (MAR) in Slovenia -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vrbanski Plato-Deep Aquifer -- 4.2.1 General Information of the Vrbanski Plato Aquifer. , 4.2.2 Active Protection System (MAR) with Induced Riverbank Filtration -- 4.2.3 Implementation of a Groundwater Flow and Transport Model -- 4.2.4 Results of the Water Management Scenarios -- 4.3 Apače Field-Shallow Aquifer -- 4.3.1 General Information of the Apače Field Aquifer -- 4.3.2 Public Water Supply System for Pomurje-Sistem C -- 4.3.3 Pumping Station Segovci -- 4.3.4 Pumping Station Podgrad -- 4.3.5 Implementation of Groundwater Flow Model -- 4.3.6 Results of the Groundwater Flow Model -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 4.5 Recommendation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Water Resource Management in Croatia -- 5 Groundwater Resources in Croatia -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Hydrogeologic Characteristics -- 5.3 Renewable Groundwater Reserves -- 5.4 Groundwater Withdrawal -- 5.5 A Strategic View on Groundwater Reserves -- 5.6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 6 Water Quality Status of Croatian Surface Water Resources -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Water Quality Status of Croatian Rivers -- 6.1.2 Water Quality Status of Croatian Lakes -- 6.1.3 Water Quality Pressures -- 6.1.3.1 Point Pollution -- 6.1.3.2 Diffuse Pollution -- 6.2 Water Quality Status of Water Bodies in the Danube River Basin -- 6.2.1 Small and Medium Rivers -- 6.2.2 Large Rivers -- 6.2.3 Lakes and Reservoirs -- 6.3 Water Quality Status of Water Bodies in the Adriatic Sea Basin -- 6.3.1 Small and Medium Rivers -- 6.3.2 Large Rivers -- 6.3.3 Lakes and Reservoirs -- 6.4 Conclusion -- 6.5 Recommendations -- References -- 7 Surface Water Resources and Their Management in Croatia -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Water Balance Components -- 7.3 Rivers -- 7.4 Lakes -- 7.5 Water Resources Utilization -- 7.5.1 Communal Water Supply -- 7.5.2 Agriculture -- 7.5.3 Hydropower -- 7.5.4 Inland Waterways -- 7.6 Water Resources Management System. , 7.7 Flood Protection in Croatia -- 7.8 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Water Resource Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 8 Water Resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Abstract -- 8.1 Historical Overview of Water Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 8.2 Natural Features of B& -- H -- 8.3 Climate Characteristics of BiH -- 8.3.1 Air Temperature -- 8.3.2 Precipitation -- 8.4 Basic Characteristics of Waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 8.4.1 Introductory Considerations -- 8.4.2 Hydrographic Characteristics of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 8.4.3 Water Use -- 8.4.4 Water Quality Protection -- 8.5 Water Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 8.5.1 The Legal Framework for Water Management in BH -- 8.5.2 Legislation and Water Sector Policies -- 8.5.3 Basic Characteristics of Water Management and Goals -- 8.5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Water Resource Management in Serbia -- 9 Water Resources of Serbia and Its Utilization -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Legislation, Regulatory and Institutional Framework -- 9.2 Key Facts About Water Resources -- 9.2.1 Natural Conditions -- 9.2.1.1 Climate Characteristics -- 9.2.1.2 Other Characteristics -- 9.2.2 Spatial Distribution of Water Resources -- 9.2.2.1 Surface Water Resources -- 9.2.2.2 Groundwater Resources -- 9.2.2.3 Annual Pattern of Runoff -- 9.2.2.4 The Main Elements of Water Balance -- 9.3 Water Resources Utilization -- 9.3.1 Water Supply and Demand -- 9.3.1.1 Sources of Water Supply -- 9.3.1.2 Residential Water Supply -- 9.3.1.3 Industrial Water Supply -- 9.3.2 Agricultural Irrigation -- 9.3.3 River Navigation -- 9.3.4 Hydropower -- 9.3.5 Fishing and Aquaculture -- 9.3.6 Tourism and Recreation -- 9.3.6.1 Spa Tourism in Serbia -- 9.4 Assessment of Water Resources Quality -- 9.4.1 Pollution of Surface Waters -- 9.4.2 Groundwater Pollution. , 9.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10 Microbial Quality of Irrigation Water in Serbia: Risks to Food Safety -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Current Irrigation Practice in Serbia -- 10.2.1 Available Water Resources -- 10.2.2 Regulations -- 10.3 Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality from Different Water Sources -- 10.3.1 Methods for Microbiological Analysis -- 10.3.2 Microbiological Indicators in Water for Irrigation -- 10.4 Microbiological Quality of Irrigation Water and Bacterial Colonization of Plants -- 10.4.1 Colonization of Plants by E. Coli PBA28 (Gfp) -- 10.4.2 Colonization of Plants by Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhimurium (LT2, S1, ATCC14028) -- 10.4.3 Colonization of Plants by Listeria Monocytogenes (EGD-E, SV4B) -- 10.5 Summary -- 10.6 Recommendation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Precipitation and Drought Analysis in Serbia for the Period 1946-2017 -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Analysed Study Area and Its Characteristics -- 11.3 Rainfall Variability Index -- 11.4 Drought Analysis -- 11.5 Conclusions -- 11.6 Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Water Resource Management in Bulgaria -- 12 Water Resource Management in Bulgaria -- Abstract -- 12.1 Essence and Importance of Water -- 12.2 Water Formation Factors -- 12.2.1 Climate Factors -- 12.2.2 Spreading Surface Factors -- 12.3 Rivers -- 12.4 Lakes -- 12.5 Groundwater in Bulgaria -- 12.6 Economic Assessment-Use and Protection -- 12.6.1 Use of Water -- 12.6.2 Water Protection -- 12.7 Water Management in Bulgaria -- 12.7.1 Legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria on Water Resources -- 12.8 Conclusion -- 12.9 Recommendations -- References -- 13 River Systems Under the Anthropogenic and Climate Change Impacts: Bulgarian Case -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Bulgarian River Systems Specification -- 13.3 Legislation and Management Issues. , 13.4 Bulgarian River Systems Regime -- 13.5 Extreme and Risk Events -- 13.5.1 Flood Events -- 13.5.2 Droughts -- 13.6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Water Resource Management in North Macedonia -- 14 Water Resources Management in Republic of North Macedonia -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction and Water Resources in the Country -- 14.2 Water Management Structure -- 14.3 Accumulated Water -- 14.4 Basic Characteristics and Classification of Artificial Lakes in the Republic of North Macedonia -- 14.4.1 Artificially Built Accumulations -- 14.4.2 Artificially Created Accumulations -- 14.5 Classification of the Artificial Accumulations by Their Usage -- 14.5.1 Hydropower -- 14.5.2 Water Supply -- 14.5.3 Irrigation -- 14.5.4 Supplying Industrial Facilities with Water -- 14.5.5 Watering Trough -- 14.5.6 Recreation Fishing and Fish Farming -- 14.5.7 Recreation -- 14.5.8 Retention -- 14.5.9 Lakes for Depositing Mining Waste (Tailings) -- 14.6 Classification of the Artificial Accumulation by Their Volume -- 14.6.1 Big Accumulation -- 14.6.2 Small Accumulations -- 14.6.3 Micro Accumulations -- 14.7 Institutional Responsibility for the Waters in the Republic of North Macedonia -- 14.8 Water Supply and Water Resources Demand -- 14.9 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources -- 14.10 Agricultural Irrigation -- 14.11 Summary and Conclusions -- 14.12 Recommendations -- References -- 15 Water Quality and Pollution Status of the Main Rivers in the Republic of North Macedonia -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Data and Methods -- 15.3 Study Area -- 15.4 Water Use and Wastewater -- 15.4.1 Drinking Water Supply -- 15.4.2 Industry and Mining -- 15.4.3 Agriculture -- 15.4.4 Reservoirs -- 15.4.5 Wastewater -- 15.4.5.1 Wastewater from Households -- 15.4.5.2 Wastewater from Industry and Mining -- 15.4.5.3 Impact from Agriculture. , 15.5 Water Quality and Pollution Status of the Rivers.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt -- Introduction to "Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security in Egypt" -- 1 Background/Overview -- 2 Themes of the Book -- 3 Chapter's Summary -- 3.1 An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt -- 3.2 Land and Water Resources -- 3.3 Smart Farming -- 3.4 Livestock, Fishery, and Aquaculture -- 3.5 Socioeconomic Impacts -- References -- An Overview of Paleo-Climate Evidence in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Palaeoclimate Through Geological Time -- 3 Causes of and Consequences of Global Paleoenvironmental and Climatic Changes -- 4 Major Mass Extinction Events -- 4.1 The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction Event (Fig. 3) -- 4.2 Late Devonian (Frasnian-Fammenian) -- 4.3 Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction -- 4.4 Triassic- Jurassic Mass Extinction -- 4.5 Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction -- 5 Hyperthermal Events -- 6 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in Egypt -- 7 Anthropocene Warming -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Governance and Institutional Structure of Climate Change in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Governance in Egypt -- 3 Environmental Policies and Legislation in Egypt -- 4 Role of Civil Society Organizations and Private Sector -- 5 Gender Mainstreaming in the Climate Change Policies in Egypt -- 6 Engagement in Regional and Global Climate Change Governance -- 7 Challenges Facing Climate Change Governance in Egypt -- 8 Recommendations for Institutional Strengthening -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Role of Science, Technology and Innovation in Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of Science in the Assessment of Climate Change Scenarios -- 2.1 At the Global Level -- 2.2 At the Regional Level -- 3 Innovations and Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation Measures -- 3.1 Management of Water Resources. , 3.2 Breeding for Drought Tolerance -- 3.3 Breeding for Heat Tolerance -- 3.4 Crop Simulation Models -- 4 Management of Sustainable Livestock Production Under Expected Harsh Environment -- 5 Scientific Research and Innovations to Address Climate Changes in Egypt -- 6 Monitoring, Assessment and Follow-Up of Climate Change Related Impact on Egypt -- 7 Climate Change Modeling in Egypt -- 8 Improved Crop Varieties and Livestock Breeds -- 9 Challenges of Innovation, Knowledge, and Scientific Research (SDS Egypt Vision 2030) -- 10 Conclusions -- 11 Recommendations -- References -- Land and Water Resources -- Impact of Climate Change on Plant-Associated Fungi -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relation Between Climate Change and Diversity of Soil Fungi -- 3 Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi: Effect of Climate Change on This Relationship -- 4 Effects of Climate Change on Saprophytic Fungi -- 5 Effects of Climate Change on the Pathogenic Fungi -- 6 Effect of Climate Change on Soil Mycobiomes -- 7 Direct Impact of Changing Temperatures on Fungi -- 8 The Need for Modern Tools for Monitoring Climate Changes and Some Closing Remarks -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Impacts of Climate Change on Microbial Activity in Agricultural Egyptian Soils -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Soil Microbial and Enzyme Activities -- 3 Response of Microbial Activity to Climate Change -- 3.1 Effect of Temperature -- 3.2 Impact of Carbon Dioxide -- 3.3 Impact of Soil Moisture Content -- 3.4 Impact of Soil Salinity -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Soils as Driver and Victim of Climate Change in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agricultural GHG Invention of Egypt -- 3 Drivers of Soil GHG Emissions -- 3.1 Soil Type and Composition -- 3.2 Soil Temperature and Moisture -- 3.3 Fertilization as a Source of NO2 Emission -- 3.4 Soil Miss-Management (Heavy Tillage). , 3.5 Rice Cultivation -- 3.6 Burning of Crop Residues -- 4 Impact of Climate Changes on Soil Functions -- 4.1 Depletion of Soil Organic Matter -- 4.2 Impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) on Soils of Egypt -- 4.3 Impact of Rainfall Scenarios on Soils -- 4.4 Geographical Nature of Climate Changes Impacts in Egypt -- 4.5 History of Flooding Rainstorms in Egypt -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendation -- References -- Soil Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation: Some Implications to Egypt -- 1 Introduction: Climate Change and Carbon Cycle -- 2 Emissions of CO2: Reasons and Mitigation -- 3 Soil Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Greenhouse Gases Reduction -- 4 Soil C Stock -- 4.1 Soil Organic C Stock -- 4.2 Soil Inorganic Carbon (SIC) Stock -- 5 Soil Nitrogen (N) Stock and Its Relation to Soil Organic C -- 6 Required Variables for Calculating Soil C and N Stocks -- 7 Factors Controlling of Carbon Stocks in the Soil -- 7.1 Soil Properties -- 7.2 Climate Conditions -- 7.3 Land Use -- 7.4 Topography -- 8 The Impact of Soil Carbon Sequestration on the Sustainability of Agroecosystem and Crop Productivity -- 9 Management Practices and Soil Carbon Sequestration -- 10 Soil Carbon Sequestration in Arid and Mediterranean Sea Region -- 11 Implication of Climate Change and Soil Carbon Sequestration on Egypt -- 11.1 Soil C and N in Nile Delta, Egypt in Current State and the Context of Climate Change -- 11.2 Influence of Changing Climate on Soil C and N Stocks and Sequestration -- 12 Potential Soil Carbon Sequestration in Egypt and Nile Delta -- 13 Sequestration Rate of Soil C and N Stocks in North Nile Delta Egypt -- 14 Summary -- References -- Mapping Egypt Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Scenarios -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area: Nile Delta -- 3 Climate Change Observations and Potential Impacts. , 3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Anthropogenic Climate Change -- 3.2 SLR and Agriculture in the Nile Delta -- 4 The Methodology of the Development of Interactive Web Enabled SLR Scenarios (SLRS) -- 5 SLRS Architecture -- 6 SLRS Main Components -- 7 Results -- 8 Discussion -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Smart Farming -- Agricultural Production in Egypt: Assessing Vulnerability and Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Vulnerability of the Near East and North Africa Region to Climate Change -- 3 The Farming System in Egypt -- 4 Vulnerability of Egypt to Climate Change -- 4.1 Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change -- 4.2 Vulnerability of the Crop Production System -- 4.3 Vulnerability of the Livestock Production System -- 4.4 The Vulnerability of the Fishery Production System -- 4.5 Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to Climate Change in Egypt -- 5 Climate Change Adaptation Efforts -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Vulnerability of Crop Pollination Ecosystem Services to Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pollination as an Essential Ecosystem Service -- 3 Role of Pollinators in Sustaining Agricultural Productivity -- 4 Climate Change and Crop Pollination -- 4.1 Impact of Climate Change on Crop Diversity -- 4.2 Effect of Climate Change on Crop Flowering Time -- 5 Vulnerability of Pollinating Insects to Climate Change -- 5.1 Decline of Insect Pollinators in Egypt -- 5.2 Solitary Bees and Nest Fragmentation -- 5.3 Bees and Shortage of Foraging Resources -- 5.4 Honeybee Pests and Diseases -- 5.5 Honeybee and Pesticides -- 6 Newly Approaches for Bee and Other Pollinators Conservation -- 7 Potential Mitigation Measures of Climate Change Impacts on Pollinators -- 8 Conclusion -- 9 Recommendations -- References. , Exploring Changes in the Agricultural Calendar as a Response to Climate Variability in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture -- 3 The Climate (Temperature and Precipitation) Variability of Egypt, Is There Any Change? -- 4 Crop Weather Calendar and Crop Activity Calendar -- 5 Data, Geographical Domain, and Satellite-Derived Phenology -- 6 Management and Adjusting of the Agricultural Calendar as a Coping Mechanism to Climate Variability -- 7 Innovations and Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation Measures -- 8 Challenges Still Facing Climate Change Governance in Egypt -- 9 Satellite Images, GIS, Mathematical Models in Studying Climate Change in 2030 -- 10 Impact of Climate Change on Field Crops' Production and Net Value -- 11 Overall Discussion -- 12 Conclusions -- 13 Recommendations -- References -- Projected Crop Coefficients Under Climate Change in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Climate Change Scenario -- 2.2 The Projected Value of ETo Using Hargreaves-Samani Equation -- 2.3 The Predicted Values of ETo Using Penman-Monteith Equation in 2030 -- 3 Kc Values for Field Crops in the Agro-Climatic Zones in 2030 -- 3.1 The Projected Planting and Harvest Dates for the Studied Field Crops in 2030 -- 3.2 The Projected Date of Kc Growth Stages and Its Values for the Studied Field Crops in 2030 -- 3.3 Comparison Between Kc Values for Field Crops in 2016 and 2030 -- 3.4 The Projected Values of ETc for the Studied Field Crops in 2030 -- 4 The Projected Kc Values for the Studied Fruit Crops in the Agro-Climatic Zones in 2030 -- 4.1 The Projected Planting and Harvest Dates for the Studied Fruit Crops in 2030 -- 4.2 The Projected Date of Kc Growth Stages and Its Values for the Studied Fruit Crops in 2030 -- 4.3 Comparison Between Kc Values for the Studied Fruit Crops in 2016 and 2030. , 4.4 The Projected Value of ETc for the Studied Fruit Crops in 2030.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Introduction to "Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Purpose of the Book -- 1.3 Themes of the Book and Contribution of the Chapters -- 1.3.1 Improve Crop Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses -- 1.3.2 Recent Approaches to Biotic Stress Tolerance -- 1.3.3 Advanced Procedures in Improving Crop Productivity -- 1.3.4 Sustainability of Environmental Resources from a Crop Production Perspective -- References -- Part IIImprove Crop Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses -- 2 Drought Tolerance in Some Field Crops: State of the Art Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rice -- 2.2.1 Economic Importance -- 2.2.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.2.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.2.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.2.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.3 Maize -- 2.3.1 Economic Importance -- 2.3.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.3.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.3.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.3.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.4 Barley -- 2.4.1 Economic Importance -- 2.4.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.4.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.4.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.4.5 Breeding and Biotechnology Efforts -- 2.5 Sunflower -- 2.5.1 Economic Importance -- 2.5.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.5.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.5.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.5.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 2.7 Recommendations -- References -- 3 Performance and Genetic Diversity in Water Stress Tolerance and Relation to Wheat Productivity Under Rural Regions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Concept of Water Stress and Its Impact on Wheat Plants -- 3.2.1 Impact of Water Stress on Wheat Plants. , 3.3 Importance of Coordination Between Plant Breeders and Specialists in Other Related Fields of Science -- 3.4 Critical Stages of Water Stress Impact on Wheat -- 3.5 Adaptation Mechanisms for Water Stress Conditions -- 3.6 Foundations of Wheat Crop Tolerance to Water Stress -- 3.6.1 Plant Characteristics and Their Genetic Behavior Relevant to Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.7 Yield Performance in Relation to Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.8 Genetic Diversity and Sources of Water Stress Tolerant Genotypes -- 3.9 Breeding Efforts -- 3.9.1 Breeding Strategies -- 3.9.2 Mutations -- 3.10 Role of Biotechnology in Improving Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.10.1 Molecular Markers -- 3.10.2 Gene Transfer Technology -- 3.11 Agricultural Procedures to Support Wheat Productivity Under Water Stress Conditions -- 3.11.1 Land Leveling -- 3.11.2 Raised Bed Method -- 3.11.3 Cultivate Tolerant Varieties -- 3.11.4 Sowing Date -- 3.11.5 Plant Density -- 3.11.6 Fertilization -- 3.11.7 Irrigation System -- 3.11.8 Humic and Amino Acids Treatment -- 3.12 Conclusions -- 3.13 Recommendations -- References -- 4 Heat Stress Tolerance, Challenges and Solutions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Concepts Related to Heat Stress -- 4.2.1 Heat Stress -- 4.2.2 Vant Hoff Concept (Q10 Coefficient) -- 4.2.3 The Concept of Thermal Units -- 4.2.4 Daily Thermoperiodicity Concept -- 4.2.5 Seasonal Thermoperiodicity Concept -- 4.3 Heat Stress Impact on the Egyptian Agriculture Sector -- 4.4 Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Heat Stress -- 4.5 Critical Periods of Crop Plants to Heat Stress -- 4.6 Nature of Resistance to Heat Stress -- 4.6.1 Heat Avoidance -- 4.6.2 Heat Tolerance (Thermotolerance) -- 4.7 Classification of Crop Plants According to Temperature -- 4.7.1 Cold Season Crops -- 4.7.2 Hot Season Crops. , 4.8 Is It Possible to Mitigate Extreme Heat Stress on Crop Plants? How Crop Plants Can Deal with Heat Stress? -- 4.8.1 Traits Relevant to Heat Stress Tolerance -- 4.8.2 Breeding Achievements -- 4.9 Biotechnology -- 4.9.1 Molecular Markers -- 4.9.2 Gene Transfer and Tissue Culture Technology -- 4.10 Agronomic Practices -- 4.10.1 Sowing Date -- 4.10.2 Fertigation -- 4.10.3 Intercropping -- 4.11 Conclusions -- 4.12 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Environmental Pollution Tolerance in Crop Plants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Source of Pollutants -- 5.2.1 Natural Resources -- 5.2.2 An Unnatural Source -- 5.3 Tolerance to Air Pollutants -- 5.4 Tolerance to Heavy Metals Pollutants -- 5.5 Damage Mechanisms of Heavy Metals and Effects on Crop Plants -- 5.6 Water Pollution -- 5.7 Stress-Sensing in Plants -- 5.8 Resistance Mechanisms of Crop Pants to Environmental Pollutants -- 5.9 Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characters Related to Environmental Pollutants Tolerance -- 5.9.1 Morphological Characters -- 5.9.2 Physiological Characters -- 5.9.3 Biochemical Characters -- 5.10 Genetic System and Nature of Gene Action Controlling Inheritance of Environmental Pollutants Tolerance -- 5.11 Role of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology in the Development of Cultivars Tolerant to Environmental Pollutants -- 5.11.1 Breeding Methods -- 5.11.2 Biotechnology -- 5.12 Procedures for Pollution Control -- 5.12.1 Air Pollutants -- 5.12.2 Heavy Metals -- 5.13 Conclusions -- 5.14 Recommendations -- References -- 6 Rapid Screening Wheat Genotypes for Tolerance to Heavy Metals -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Influence of Heavy Metals on Germination -- 6.3.2 Influence of Heavy Metals on Root Characteristics -- 6.3.3 Influence of Heavy Metals on Shoot Characteristics -- 6.3.4 Phytotoxicity Index -- 6.3.5 Tolerance Index -- 6.4 Conclusions. , 6.5 Recommendation -- References -- 7 Performance, Adaptability and Stability of Promising Bread Wheat Lines Across Different Environments -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Materials and Methods -- 7.2.1 Plant Materials and Experimental Layout -- 7.2.2 Statistical Analysis -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Analysis of Variance -- 7.3.2 Mean Performance of Wheat Genotypes Under Different Environments -- 7.3.3 Tolerance Index (TOL) -- 7.3.4 Phenotypic Stability Analysis -- 7.3.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Method (AMMI) -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 7.5 Recommendations -- References -- 8 Effect of Salt Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of African Locust Bean {Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.} Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Plant Material -- 8.2.2 Establishment of Cell Suspension Culture Under Salt Stress Conditions -- 8.2.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Ions Uptake of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.2.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Proline Content of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.2.5 Electrophoretic Analysis: (Biochemical Markers) -- 8.2.6 Chemical Analysis -- 8.2.7 Statistical Analysis -- 8.3 Results and Discussions -- 8.3.1 Establishment of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture Under Salt Stress Conditions (NaCl) -- 8.3.2 Effect of Different Concentrations of NaCl on Ions Uptake (Na+, K+, Ca2+, P3+ and N3+) of P. biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.3.3 Effect of Different Concentration of NaCl on Proline Content of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.3.4 Electrophoretic Analysis -- 8.3.5 Chemical Analysis -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 8.5 Recommendations -- 8.6 Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIIRecent Approaches for Biotic Stress Tolerance -- 9 Varietal Differences and Their Relation to Brown Rot Disease Resistance in Potato. , 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Survey the Causal Organism of Potato Brown Rot Disease Ralstonia solanacearum in Weeds -- 9.3 Isolation of R. solanacearum from Different Potato, Weeds and Irrigation Water -- 9.4 Identification of R. solanacearum -- 9.4.1 Traditional Methods -- 9.4.2 Molecular Biology Techniques -- 9.4.3 Pathogenicity Test -- 9.5 Varietal Differences in Relation to Brown Rot Disease Resistance -- 9.6 Effect of Plant Extracts on R. solanacearum Growth in Vitro -- 9.7 Conclusions -- 9.8 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Effect of Soil Type and Crop Rotation on the Causal Agent of Potato Brown Rot Disease Under Egyptian Condition -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Effect of Soil Type on Potato Brown Rot Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum -- 10.3 Effect of Soil PH on Persistence of Potato Brown Rot Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum -- 10.4 Effect of Crop Rotation on Potato Brown Rot Disease -- 10.5 Influence the Persistence of Ralstonia solanacearum by Different Plant Species and Habitats -- 10.6 Conclusions -- 10.7 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Advanced Methods in Controlling Late Blight Disease in Potatoes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Backgrounds Economic -- 11.3 The Late Blight Disease -- 11.4 The Pathogen -- 11.5 Diagnose the Disease -- 11.5.1 Traditional Methods -- 11.5.2 DNA Markers -- 11.5.3 Diagnosis Remotely -- 11.5.4 Bioinformatics -- 11.6 Control Methods -- 11.6.1 Chemical Methods -- 11.6.2 Resistant Cultivars -- 11.6.3 Alternatives of Fungicides -- 11.7 Conclusions -- 11.8 Recommendations -- References -- 12 Developing Rust Resistance of Wheat Genotypes Under Egyptian Conditions -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Types of Wheat Rusts -- 12.3 Economic Importance -- 12.3.1 Losses in Yield and Grain Quality -- 12.4 Race Analyses -- 12.4.1 Yellow Rust -- 12.4.2 Leaf Rust -- 12.4.3 Stem Rust -- 12.5 Genetic Variability. , 12.6 Genetic System and Genes Responsible Resistance.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- About the 2nd Springer Conference of the Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-2), Tunisia 2019 -- Section 1: Engineering Applications for Environmental Management -- Section 2: Process Control, Simulations and Intensification for Environmental Management -- Section 3: Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety and Bioremediation -- Section 4: Biotechnology for Environmental Management -- Section 5: Climate-Change-Related Effects on the Environment and Ecological Systems -- Section 6: Natural Resources, Agriculture and the Environment -- Section 7: Smart Technologies for Environmentally Friendly Energy Production -- Section 8: Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental Monitoring and Management -- Section 9: Environmental Impacts of Natural Hazards and Environmental Risk Assessment -- Section 10: Sustainable Management of Marine and Coastal Environments -- Section 11: Sustainable Management of the Urban Environment -- Section 12: Sustainable Management of the Indoor and Built Environment -- Section 13: Environmental-Change-Related Impacts on Human Health -- About the Conference Steering Committee -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Engineering Applications for Environmental Management: Adsorption-Oriented Processes Using Conventional and Non-conventional Adsorbents -- Efficiency of Hybrid Process of Coagulation/Flocculation Followed by Membrane Filtration for the Treatment of Synthetic Vegetable Oil Refinery Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Coagulation/Flocculation Treatment -- 3.2 Dead-End Filtration -- 3.3 Cross-Flow Filtration -- 3.4 Combination of CF and CFF Processes -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Fe/Clay Composite as Catalysts for Textile Wastewater Treatment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Catalysts. , 4 Conclusion -- References -- Iron Removal from Groundwater by Adsorption Process onto Activated Carbon Obtained from Pinus Halepensis Cone Wastes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Groundwater Characterization -- 3.2 Batch Adsorption Study -- 3.3 Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption Study -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Pinus Halepensis Cone Wastes: Adsorption Prediction as a Function of Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Activated Carbons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Adsorption of Industrial Dye BzR from Aqueous Solution Using Local Modified Clay -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Bentonite Sample -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Characterization -- 3.2 Adsorption of Bezathren Red -- 3.3 Adsorption isotherm studies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Adsorption-Desorption of Methylene Blue by Bentonite from Aqueous Solution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Kinetics and Isotherms Adsorption -- 4 Effect of pH on Desorption of MB -- 5 Effect of Temperature on Desorption of MB -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Removal of Disperse Dye from Aqueous Solution by Bottom Ash -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Adsorbent -- 2.2 Adsorbate -- 2.3 The Adsorption Experiment -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Characterization of Adsorbent -- 3.2 Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Experimental Study of the Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Coffee Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Effect of pH -- 3.2 Effect Adsorbent Dosage -- 3.3 Effect of Contact Time and Initial Concentration of Rh B. , 3.4 Adsorption Isotherm -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Adsorption Study of Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution Containing 2-(2-Methoxybenzylidene) Hydrazine-1-Carbothioamide -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Electrochemical Impedance Measurements -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) -- 3.2 Adsorption Isotherm -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Adsorption Efficiency of Graphene Oxide Toward Cyanine Dyes with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Characterization -- 3.2 Effect of Contact Time -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Cu(II) Ions Removal on Functionalized Cellulose Beads from Tunisian Almond (Prunus Dulcis) Shell -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Synthesis, Functionalization, and Characterization of Cellulose Beads -- 2.2 Cu(II) Adsorption Experiments -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Beads' Characterization -- 3.2 Adsorption of Cu(II) -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Dynamics Modelling of Multicomponent Metal Ions Removal onto Low-Cost Buckwheat Hulls -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Packed Column Experiments -- 3 Modelling of Dynamics for Buckwheat Hulls -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Local Materials and Solid Waste (Sawdust) Valorization in the Treatment of Industrial Synthetic Water Field -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Synthetic Water -- 2.2 Filtering Materials Used -- 2.3 Experimental Device -- 2.4 Analysis -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Cationic Dye Removal Using Alginate-Organobentonite Composite Beads -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Preparation of Organobentonite (OB). , 2.3 Preparation of Calcium Alginate/Organobentonite Composite Beads (A-OB) -- 2.4 Adsorption and Desorption Studies -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Sorption Isotherms of MB -- 3.2 Desorption Study -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Successive Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red by Biomass-Based Beads from Aqueous Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 FTIR Analysis -- 3.2 Effect of pH, Mass, Contact Time, and Concentration -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Malachite Green Removal Ability of a New Low-Temperature Alkali-Treated Almond Shell Adsorbent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Adsorbate -- 2.2 Preparation of the Bioadsorbent -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 FTIR Characterization -- 3.2 Malachite Green Adsorption onto Low-Temperature Alkali-Treated Almond Shell Powder -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Low-Cost Magnetic Adsorbents for Water Remediation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Optimization of Simultaneous Removal of Binary Toxic Antibiotic and Heavy Metal by Novel Biocomposite Beads: Modeling Study Using Brouers-Sotolongo Family Equations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Biosorbent Characterization -- 3.2 Statistical Analysis -- 3.3 Kinetic and Isotherm Modeling of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Adsorption -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Application of Almond Shell-Based Materials for Aquatic Pollutants Removal: A Mini-Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Almond Shell-Based Materials for Water Treatment -- 2.1 Application of Almond Shell-Based Materials for Heavy Metals Removal -- 2.2 Application of Almond Shell-Based Materials for Dyes Removal -- 2.3 Application of Almond Shell-Based Materials for Other Pollutants Removal -- 3 Conclusion -- References. , Fabrication of Novel Keratin/Cellulose-Based Composites for Oils and Organic Solvents Absorption -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Synthesis of (CF/C) Composite Cryogels -- 3.2 Spectroscopic Characterization -- 3.3 Oil Sorption Capacity -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Study of the Influence of Some Parameters on the Efficiency of Elimination of Zinc by Synthesized Na-Y Faujasite -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Effect of Concentration -- 3.2 Effect of Time -- 3.3 pH Effect -- 3.4 Effect of Temperature -- 3.5 Study of the Adsorption Kinetics -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Boron Sorption and Removal Using Hybrid Hydrogel Beads -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Engineering Applications for Environmental Management: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Recycling and Reuse -- Reuse of Industrial Water at Mellitah Complex -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Wastewater Sources and Estimation -- 2 Experimental Work -- 2.1 Microfiltration (MF) -- 2.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Mixed Stream Water, Chemical Analysis -- 3.2 Cooling Water Microfiltration Treatment -- 3.3 Cooling Water Blowdown RO and MF Treatment -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Efficiency of Natural Decentralized Greywater Treatment Systems in Resolving the Wastewater Problems in the Rural Areas of Developing Countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Settings, Materials, and Methods -- 2.1 Site Description -- 2.2 Design Criteria -- 2.3 Greywater Quality Monitoring -- 2.4 Greywater Flow Rates -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Raw Greywater Quality -- 3.2 Treatment Systems Performance with Regards to Organic Pollutants -- 3.3 Treatment Systems Performance with Regards to Chemical Pollutants -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , Physicochemical Characterization of Wastewater from the Mining Activity: A Case Study from Boukhadra Mine (Algeria).

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introductory Section -- Introduction to "Groundwater in Egypt's Deserts" -- Background -- Themes of the Book -- Chapter's Summary -- Groundwater Occurrence and Ecosystem Services -- Groundwater Resources, Quantity, Quality and Their Management -- Potential Use of Groundwater and Future Expansion -- References -- An Overview of the Egyptian Deserts' Resources -- Introduction -- The General Features of Egyptian Deserts -- The Main Geographical Units -- Climate -- Habitats -- Natural Resources -- Water Resources -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater Occurrence and Ecosystem Services -- Groundwater Ocurrences in West Nile Delta, Egypt -- Introduction -- Geomorphologic, Geologic and Hydrogeologic Settings -- Field Measurements -- Geoelectrical Measurements -- Hydrological and Hydrochemical Measurements -- Results and Discussion -- Geoelectrical Results -- Hydrological Results -- Physical-chemical Parameters and Major Elements -- Isotopic Composition of Groundwater -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Characterizing Ecosystem Services to Human Well-Being in Groundwater Dependent Desert Environments -- Introduction -- Characterizing and Valuing Ecosystem Services from Groundwater in Dryland Ecosystems -- Provisioning Services -- Regulating and Supporting Services -- Cultural Services -- Case Study Materials and Methods -- Approach to the Characterization of Ecosystem Services -- Case Study Area -- Characterization of Ecosystem Services -- Tier 1 Assessment of Ecosystem Services -- Characterization of Ecosystem Services -- Defining the Scope for Assessment of Ecosystem Service Values -- Discussion of Scope for Management Scenarios Using the Ecosystem Service Framework -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References. , Groundwater Exploration, Quantity, Quality, and Their Management -- Geophysical Groundwater Exploration in Arid Regions Using Integrated Land-Based Magnetic and DC Resistivity Measurements: A Case Study at Gilf Kebir Area, South Western Desert, Egypt -- Introduction -- Climate and Geomorphology -- Geological and Hydrogeological Setting -- Geophysical Investigations -- Geophysical Data Acquisition -- Data Processing and Interpretation -- Results and Discussion -- Eight Bells Site -- NE Jabal Kamel Site -- North of Jabal Kamel Site -- Nosb El-Amir Site -- Integrative Approach -- Summary and Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Ground Water Potentiality in Siwa and Baris Oases, Western Desert, Egypt -- Introduction -- Groundwater Potentiality in Siwa Oasis -- Location of Siwa Oasis -- Climate and Geomorphology of Siwa Oasis -- Geology of Siwa Oasis -- Hydrogeology of Siwa Oasis -- The Factors Constraining Sustainable Development of Siwa Oasis -- Water Resources Management -- Salt Lakes in Siwa Oasis -- Salinization in Siwa Oasis -- The Springs, Wells and Water Resources -- Ground Water Potentiality in Baris Oasis -- Location of Baris Oasis -- Topography of Baris Oasis -- Geology of Baris Oasis -- Geologic Structures of Baris Oasis -- Hydrogeology of Baris Oasis -- Hydro-geophysical Aspect of Baris Area -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater and Characteristics of the Tertiary-Quaternary Aquifer System West of Mallawi, Upper Egypt -- Introduction -- Geomorphological and Geological Setting -- Geomorphological Setting -- Geological Setting -- Geologic Structure -- Aquifer Systems -- Quaternary Aquifer (The Nile Alluvium Aquifer) -- Oligocene-Pleistocene Aquifer -- Middle Eocene Limestone Aquifer -- Hydrogeological Cross Sections -- Groundwater Movement -- Aquifer Parameters. , Long Duration Pumping and Recovery Tests -- Well Performance Test (Step Drawdown Test) -- Hydrochemical Characteristics of Different Aquifers -- Groundwater Salinity -- Groundwater Types -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater Characterization and Quality Assessment in Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, Kharga Oasis, Egypt -- Introduction -- The Study Area -- Material and Methods -- Sampling Protocol -- Laboratory Analysis -- Spatial Distribution Analysis -- Results and Discussions -- Major Hydrochemical Parameters -- Groundwater Quality Evaluation -- Statistics Analysis -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater Potential in the Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt -- Introduction -- Hydrogeology of the NSAS -- Origin of Groundwater in the NSAS -- Water Resources in Bahariya Oasis -- Location of Bahariya Oasis -- Sampling and Analysis -- Climate -- Air Temperature -- Rainfall and Relative Humidity -- Evaporation -- Geology and Geomorphology of the Bahariya Oasis -- Topography -- Geologic Setting -- Hydrogeology of the Bahariya Oasis -- The Cambrian Rocks -- The Lower Cretaceous -- The Lower Cenomanian (Bahariya Formation) -- Piezometric Head and Groundwater Flow -- The Regional Groundwater Flow -- The Local Groundwater Flow -- Hydraulic Parameters -- The Recharge of the Nubian Aquifer System -- The Groundwater Extraction -- Monitoring the Groundwater Flow -- Water Quality -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater Quality and Potentiality of Moghra Aquifer, Northwestern Desert, Egypt -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Climate -- Topography and Geomorphology -- Well Logging Interpretations -- Electric Logging -- Gamma-Ray Log -- Results and Discussion -- Lithology -- Groundwater Potentiality -- Formation Water Resistivity (Rw) -- Formation Factor (F) -- Porosity and Effective Porosity. , Total Porosity -- Volume of Shale -- Permeability -- Hydrochemistry -- Pumping Tests -- Hydraulic Properties -- Water Evaluation and Suitability to Use -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Transboundary Groundwater Management Issues in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) -- Introduction -- Overview of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) and Its Sustainability Challenge -- Background to the Sustainable Utilization of Groundwater in Transboundary Systems -- Overview of Transboundary Cooperation in the NSAS -- Challenges and Way Forward -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Groundwater Quality for Irrigation as an Aspect of Sustainable Development Approaches: A Case Study of Semi-Arid Area Around Ismailia Canal, Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Geological Setting -- Surface Water System -- Groundwater System -- Methodology -- Samples Collection and Analyses -- Groundwater Quality for Irrigation -- Results and Discussion -- Hydrogen Ion Activity (pH) -- Salinity Hazard -- Sodicity Hazard -- SAR and EC -- Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) -- Kelley's Ratio (KR) -- Alkalinity Hazard (RSC and RSBC) -- Corrosivity Ratio Index (CRI) -- Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Egypt's Deserts -- Introduction -- Groundwater in the Nile Basin -- Groundwater in Egypt's Desert -- Sustainability of Groundwater in Egypt's Deserts -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Potential Use of Groundwater and Future Expansion -- 14 Groundwater Exploitation in Mega Projects: Egypt's 1.5 Million Feddan Project -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background -- Description of the Project -- Implementation of the Project -- Discussion and Debates Surrounding the Project -- Conclusions -- References. , Optimum Economic Uses of Precious Costly Ground Water in Marginal and Desert Lands -- Case Study in Egypt -- Introduction and Desert Soils -- Marginal Lands -- Degraded Lands -- Definitions of Most Degraded Lands and Other Types of Land Associated with Degraded Land -- Water Scarcity, Water Shortage and Related Concepts -- Water Scarcity -- Type of Water Scarcity -- Some Important Parameters Related to Water Uses in Scarce and Arid Areas -- Water Situation in Egypt -- Questions About the Water Shortage in Egypt -- Water Use Priority in Egypt -- Using Ground Water in Desert Cultivation -- Specifying the Location of Agricultural Extension -- Egypt Reduces the Rice Cultivation Due to the Water Shortages -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Assessment of Water Resources in Egypt: Current Status and Future Plan -- Introduction -- Water Resources -- Conventional Water Resources -- Non-Conventional Water Resources -- Water Demands -- Future Water Expectations -- Water scenarios for the year 2025 -- Water scenarios for the year 2050 -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for "Groundwater in Egypt's Deserts" -- Introduction -- Update -- Groundwater Occurrence and Ecosystem Services -- Groundwater Exploration, Quantity, Quality and Their Management -- Potential Use of Groundwater and Future Expansion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Introduction to "Sustainable Water Solutions in the Western Desert, Egypt: Dakhla Oasis" -- 1 Background -- 2 Themes of the Book -- 3 Chapters' Summary -- 3.1 Geology, Geomorphology, Archaeology and Climate -- 3.2 Land Use, Soil and Cultivation -- 3.3 Hydrology and Water -- References -- The Egyptian Western Desert: Water, Agriculture and Culture of Oasis Communities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Background of the Oasis Community in the Western Desert -- 3 Population -- 4 Migration -- 5 Economic Activities in Oases -- 5.1 Agriculture -- 5.2 Mining -- 5.3 Pottery -- 6 Women's Life and Activities -- 7 Impact of Tourism on Agriculture -- 8 Problems of Environment -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Geology, Geomorphology, Archaeology and Climate -- Geology of Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geomorphology -- 2.1 The Dakhla-Abu Minqar Plateau -- 2.2 The Scarp Face -- 2.3 The Dakhla Depression -- 3 Stratigraphy -- 3.1 Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Rock Units -- 3.2 Taref Formation -- 3.3 Paleocene-Lower Eocene Rock Units -- 3.4 The Quaternary Deposits -- 4 Geologic Structures -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendation -- References -- Geomorphology of Dakhla Depression -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Geomorphology -- 3 Principal Geomorphological Units -- 3.1 Plateau and Escarpment -- 3.2 Depression Floor -- 3.3 Sand Dunes -- 3.4 North: (El Dakar Dune Filed) -- 3.5 West: (Great Sand Sea) -- 3.6 East: (Dune Free-Zone) -- 3.7 South -- 4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Archaeological Sites in Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Archaeological Sites in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.1 Deir al-Hagar Temple -- 2.2 Deir al-Hagar Ancient Water Supply System -- 2.3 Qaret al-Muzawaka Tombs -- 2.4 Al-Qasr Islamic Village. , 2.5 Darb al-Ghabari Inscriptions -- 2.6 Bashandi Village -- 2.7 Balat Village -- 2.8 The Pharaonic Tombs in Balat -- 3 Gilf Kebir Area -- 3.1 Abu Ballas Area -- 3.2 The Rock Art Inscriptions -- 3.3 Gilf Kebir National Park (GKNP) -- 3.4 The Silica Glass Area -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Climate Features of Dakhla Oasis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climatic History of the Western Desert of Egypt -- 3 Overview of the Climate in Egypt Today -- 4 Climatic Characteristics of Dakhla Oasis -- 4.1 Sunshine Duration, Precipitation, and Aridity -- 4.2 Temperature -- 4.3 Wind Conditions -- 4.4 Humidity -- 4.5 Climatic Differences Between the Dakhla and Kharga Oases -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Land Use, Soil and Cultivation -- Aeolian Sand Transport Potential and Its Environmental Impact in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sand Dunes in Africa -- 2.1 Sahara Dunes -- 2.2 Kalahari Dunes -- 2.3 Namib Sand Dunes -- 2.4 Topography of Dakhla Oasis -- 2.5 Geology of Dakhla Oasis -- 2.6 Land Use and Land Cover in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.7 Types of Sand Dunes in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.8 Grain Size of Sand Dunes of Dakhla Oasis -- 2.9 Sand Grain Morphology in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.10 Mineral Composition of Dune Sands of Dakhla Oasis -- 3 Movement of Sand Dunes in Dakhla Oasis -- 4 Sand Drift Potential (SDP) in Dakhla Oasis -- 5 Dune Movement Threat in Dakhla Oasis -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Soil Conditions of Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Location of Dakhla Oasis -- 3 Geomorphology of Dakhla Oasis -- 3.1 Escarpment -- 3.2 Sandy Plain -- 3.3 River Terraces -- 3.4 Sand Dune -- 3.5 Sand Sheet -- 3.6 Inselbergs -- 3.7 Pavement Plain -- 3.8 Playa -- 3.9 Footslope -- 4 Climate Data of Dakhla Oasis -- 5 Soil Characteristics of Dakhla Oasis -- 6 Soil Classification of Dakhla Oasis. , 7 Land Evaluation of Dakhla Oasis -- 7.1 Land Capability -- 7.2 Land Suitability -- 8 Conclusion -- 9 Recommendation -- References -- Remote Sensing and GIS for Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection in Dakhla Oasis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Location -- 2.2 Demographic Trend -- 2.3 Climate -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Main Land Use/Land Cover Classes -- 4.2 Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Crop Diversification and Its Efficiency in Rashda Village, Dakhla Oasis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Diversification of Farming Practices in Rashda Village -- 2.1 Crops in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.2 Different Cultivations by Type of Well -- 2.3 Crop Rotation in the Government Well Irrigation Districts -- 2.4 Diversification Strategy According to Land Size -- 3 Model and Data -- 3.1 Model -- 3.2 Data -- 4 Empirical Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Empirical Results -- 4.2 Discussion -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Hydrological Aspects and Water Resources -- Hydrologeological and Hydrological Conditions of Dakhla Oasis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate -- 3 Geologic Setting -- 4 Hydrologeological Conditions -- 4.1 The Aquifer Geometry -- 4.2 Aquifer Recharge -- 4.3 Aquifer Potentiometry and Pattern for Groundwater Flow -- 4.4 Groundwater Quality -- 4.5 Nubian Sandstone Age Dating -- 5 Irrigation and Drainage System in Dakhla Oasis -- 5.1 Drainage Network in the Depression -- 5.2 Drainage Ponds in Dakhla Oasis -- 5.3 Usage of Drainage Water -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- History of Wells in Rashda Village, Dakhla Oasis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Development of Modern Wells in Dakhla Oasis -- 2.1 Wells and Boring Until the Beginning of the Twentieth Century -- 2.2 Deep-Well Boring Since the Mid-Twentieth Century. , 3 Wells in Rashda Until the Beginning of the Twentieth Century -- 4 Wells in Rashda Since the Mid-Twentieth Century -- 4.1 End of the 1950s to the 1970s: Government Wells -- 4.2 Since the 1980s: Investment Wells and Surface Springs -- 5 Change in the Human-and-Water Relationship -- 5.1 Years of Well Construction -- 5.2 Continuous Well Drilling -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Development of Land Use and Groundwater in Rashda Village (Dakhla Oasis), 1960s-2018 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Site -- 2.1 Demographic Features -- 2.2 Topographic Features -- 3 Methods and Data Used -- 3.1 Data -- 3.2 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Land Use/Cover Classifications -- 4.2 Land Use/Land Cover in 1968 -- 4.3 Land Use/Land Cover in 1988 -- 4.4 Land Use/Land Cover in 2003 -- 4.5 Land Use/Land Cover in 2018 -- 4.6 Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection -- 4.7 Land Use Change Detection from 1968 to 1988 -- 4.8 Land Use Change Detection from 1988 to 2003 -- 4.9 Land Use Change Detection from 2003 to 2018 -- 4.10 Land Use Change and Development of Wells in the Northern Section of Rashda Village -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Detecting and Controlling the Waterlogging in Dakhla Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Kharga-Dakhla-Farafra Depressions -- 2.2 New Valley Project -- 3 Case 1: Kharga Oasis -- 4 Case 2: Dakhla Oasis -- 5 Case 3: Farafra Oasis -- 6 Waterlogging in Dakhla Basin -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations and Potential for Future -- References -- Hydrogeophysical Investigations Using DC Resistivity Survey to Assess the Water Potentialities of the Shallow Aquifer Zone in East of Dakhla Oasis, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological and Hydrogeological Setting -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Aquifer Characterizations -- 4.2 Faults and Recharge of NSAS. , 4.3 Resistivity and Water Quality of the Upper Aquifer Zone -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions -- Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations of "Sustainable Water Solutions in the Western Desert, Egypt: Dakhla Oasis" -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Update -- 3 Conclusions -- 4 Recommendations -- References.

Note: Intro -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Also Available Electronically -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Contents -- Environmental and Climatic Implications of Lake Manzala, Egypt: Modeling and Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lake Manzala Characteristics -- 3 Lake Manzala State of the Art -- 3.1 Environmental Assessments -- 3.2 Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling -- 3.3 Climate Change Impacts -- 4 Research Deficits and Study Objectives -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 Lagoon Water Quality Index (LWQI) -- 5.2 Trophic Index (TRIX) -- 5.3 MIKE21 Modeling System -- 5.4 Climate Change Estimates -- 6 Data Collection and Analysis -- 7 Water Quality Assessment of Lake Manzala -- 8 Trophic Status Assessment of Lake Manzala -- 9 Impacts of Future Climatic Changes on the Lake Characteristics -- 9.1 Developing of Manzala Model -- 9.2 Climate Change Impacts -- 10 Conclusions -- 11 Recommendations for Future Work -- References -- Modeling of Water Quality Parameters in Manzala Lake Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Stochastic Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Manzala Lake -- 3 Data-Driven Modeling -- 3.1 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 3.2 Neural Networks System -- 3.3 Fuzzy Logic -- 4 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Investigating the Impacts of Dredging on Improving the Water Quality and Circulation of Lake Mariout via Hydrodynamics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model Development -- 2.1 Hydrodynamic Simulation -- 2.2 Water Quality Simulations -- 3 Model Scenarios -- 4 Model Results -- 4.1 Hydrodynamic Modeling Results -- 4.1.1 Scenario-0 (Baseline) -- 4.1.2 Scenario-01 -- 4.1.3 Scenario-02 -- 4.1.4 Scenario-03 -- 4.1.5 Scenario-04 -- 4.1.6 Scenario-05 -- 4.2 Water Quality Modeling Results -- 4.2.1 Scenario-0 (Baseline) -- 4.3 Comparison of All Model Scenarios. , 5 Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Impacts on Egyptian Delta Lakes´ Biodiversity: A Case Study on Lake Burullus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lake Burullus -- 3 Physicochemical and Limnological Features -- 4 Commercial Fishes in Lake Burullus -- 5 Aquatic Macrophytes of Lake Burullus -- 6 Birds -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendation -- References -- Coastal Lakes as Hot Spots for Plant Diversity in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sites Description -- 2.1 Land Forms -- 2.2 Lakes Morphometry -- 2.3 Sediment and Water Characteristics -- 2.4 Prevailing Climate -- 3 Prevailing Habitats -- 4 Plant Diversity -- 4.1 Taxonomic Diversity -- 4.2 Habit and Life Form -- 4.3 Endemic and Near-Endemic Species -- 4.4 Threatened Species -- 5 Plant Communities -- 6 Succession Trends -- 7 Goods and Services -- 8 Carbon Sequestrations Potential -- 9 Identified Threats -- 10 Conservation Measures -- 11 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Responses of Zooplankton to Long-Term Environmental Changes in the Egyptian Coastal Lakes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Zooplankton -- 2.1 Zooplankton Population Dynamics: Similarities and Differences -- 2.1.1 Lake Manzala -- 2.1.2 Lake Burullus -- Long-Term Changes in Zooplankton Communities in Lake Burullus -- 2.1.3 Lake Edku -- 2.1.4 Lake Mariout -- 2.1.5 Lake Bardawil -- 3 Zooplankton and Environmental Changes of Coastal Lakes (Case Study Lake Burullus) -- 4 Linking Zooplankton and Fisheries -- 4.1 Zooplankton and Gut Contents of Fishes -- 4.1.1 Tilapias -- 4.1.2 Mullets -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Fisheries of Egyptian Delta Coastal Wetlands -- Burullus Wetland Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Present Status of Fish Species -- 2 Fish Production -- 3 Fishing Equipment and Techniques -- 3.1 Entangling Gears -- 3.1.1 Gill Net -- 3.1.2 Trammel Net -- 3.1.3 Stationary Trammel Nets (Saksook). , 3.2 Encircling Gears -- 3.2.1 El-Gafsha (Shebak El-Habl) -- 3.2.2 El-Ganeb -- 3.3 Trawl Gears (Dragged Gears) -- 3.3.1 Lawat -- 3.3.2 Lokkafa -- 3.3.3 E1-Kerba -- 3.4 Seine Nets (El-Shalta) -- 4 Fisheries -- 4.1 Cichlidae -- 4.1.1 Abundance of Different Cichlid Species in the Burullus Wetland -- 4.1.2 Seasonal Variations of Cichlid Species in the Catch -- 4.1.3 Mortality and Survival Rates -- 4.2 Muglidae -- 4.2.1 Seasonal Fluctuation of the Mullet Catch -- 4.2.2 Factors Affecting the Distribution of Mullet Fry -- Water Movement -- Water Temperatures -- Chlorosity -- Amount of Food -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations for Fisheries Management -- References -- Earth Observations for Egyptian Coastal Lakes Monitoring and Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Remote Sensing Applications in the Northern Coastal Lakes -- 2.1 Describing Lakes´ Geomorphological Properties -- 2.1.1 Mapping Lakes Boundaries and Coastal Changes -- 2.1.2 Case Studies -- Lake Bardawil -- Lake Manzala -- Lake Burullus -- Lake Idku -- Lake Mariout -- 2.2 Evaluating Lakes Water Quality -- 2.2.1 Physicochemical Parameters -- 2.2.2 Biological Component (Chl-a) -- 2.3 Retrieving the System ``Good Conditions´´ -- 3 Simulating the Climatic Changes and Predicting Impacts -- 4 Future Plan: Rehabilitation and Management -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Are the Egyptian Coastal Lakes Sustainable? A Comprehensive Review Based on Remote Sensing Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application of Remote Sensing on Lake -- 2.1 Surface Water Area of Lakes -- 2.1.1 Lake Boundaries Delineation by Visible and NIR Bands -- 2.1.2 Differentiating Lake Area from Surrounding Land by Thermal Imagery -- 2.1.3 Extraction of Lake Water Bodies Using RS Techniques -- 2.1.4 Water Surface Area Changes Using RS -- 2.2 Bathymetry of Lakes -- 2.2.1 Bathymetry Detection by Active Altimetric Sensing. , 2.2.2 Lake Bathymetry Indicators -- 2.3 Water Quality by RS -- 3 Egyptian Coastal Lakes -- 3.1 Lake Mariout -- 3.2 Lake Edku -- 3.3 Lake Burullus -- 3.4 Lake Manzala -- 3.5 Lake Bardawil -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Changes in a Coastal Lake Dynamic System and Potential Restoration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Developments Versus Sustainability -- 2.1 Aspects of Changing Features of Coastal Lakes -- 2.1.1 Sea Water Exchange and Salinity Level -- 2.1.2 Nutrient Loadings into Lakes -- 2.1.3 Internal Circulation and Localities of Sand Accumulation -- 2.2 Understanding Impact on Functional Dynamic System -- 2.3 Risks and Ability to Recover -- 3 Employing Remote Sensing Techniques in Tracking Transformation Pattern -- 3.1 Role of Satellite-Based Products in Change Monitoring -- 3.2 Case Study: Water Quality Indexing for Lake Burullus -- 3.2.1 Water Quality Index -- 3.2.2 Study Area -- 3.2.3 Selected Variables and Spectral Processing -- 3.2.4 Result Analysis: WQI -- 4 Strategy for Coastal Lake Restoration -- 4.1 Proposed Management Strategies -- 4.2 Reasoning Challenges, Effectiveness, and Adaptability -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Egyptian Coastal Lakes and Wetlands: Climate Change and Biodiversity -- 1 Summary -- 1.1 Climate Change and Water Quality Modeling -- 1.2 Biodiversity, Zooplankton, and Fish -- 1.3 Remote Sensing Applications and Potential Restoration of Lakes -- 2 Challenges Facing the Egyptian Coastal Lakes -- 3 Conclusions -- 4 Recommendations -- References -- Erratum to: Earth Observations for Egyptian Coastal Lakes Monitoring and Management -- Index.