Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Introduction to "Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Purpose of the Book -- 1.3 Themes of the Book and Contribution of the Chapters -- 1.3.1 Improve Crop Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses -- 1.3.2 Recent Approaches to Biotic Stress Tolerance -- 1.3.3 Advanced Procedures in Improving Crop Productivity -- 1.3.4 Sustainability of Environmental Resources from a Crop Production Perspective -- References -- Part IIImprove Crop Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses -- 2 Drought Tolerance in Some Field Crops: State of the Art Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rice -- 2.2.1 Economic Importance -- 2.2.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.2.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.2.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.2.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.3 Maize -- 2.3.1 Economic Importance -- 2.3.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.3.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.3.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.3.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.4 Barley -- 2.4.1 Economic Importance -- 2.4.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.4.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.4.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.4.5 Breeding and Biotechnology Efforts -- 2.5 Sunflower -- 2.5.1 Economic Importance -- 2.5.2 Mean Performance and Genetic Diversity -- 2.5.3 Related Traits to Drought Tolerance -- 2.5.4 Genetic Behavior -- 2.5.5 Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 2.7 Recommendations -- References -- 3 Performance and Genetic Diversity in Water Stress Tolerance and Relation to Wheat Productivity Under Rural Regions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Concept of Water Stress and Its Impact on Wheat Plants -- 3.2.1 Impact of Water Stress on Wheat Plants. , 3.3 Importance of Coordination Between Plant Breeders and Specialists in Other Related Fields of Science -- 3.4 Critical Stages of Water Stress Impact on Wheat -- 3.5 Adaptation Mechanisms for Water Stress Conditions -- 3.6 Foundations of Wheat Crop Tolerance to Water Stress -- 3.6.1 Plant Characteristics and Their Genetic Behavior Relevant to Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.7 Yield Performance in Relation to Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.8 Genetic Diversity and Sources of Water Stress Tolerant Genotypes -- 3.9 Breeding Efforts -- 3.9.1 Breeding Strategies -- 3.9.2 Mutations -- 3.10 Role of Biotechnology in Improving Water Stress Tolerance -- 3.10.1 Molecular Markers -- 3.10.2 Gene Transfer Technology -- 3.11 Agricultural Procedures to Support Wheat Productivity Under Water Stress Conditions -- 3.11.1 Land Leveling -- 3.11.2 Raised Bed Method -- 3.11.3 Cultivate Tolerant Varieties -- 3.11.4 Sowing Date -- 3.11.5 Plant Density -- 3.11.6 Fertilization -- 3.11.7 Irrigation System -- 3.11.8 Humic and Amino Acids Treatment -- 3.12 Conclusions -- 3.13 Recommendations -- References -- 4 Heat Stress Tolerance, Challenges and Solutions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Concepts Related to Heat Stress -- 4.2.1 Heat Stress -- 4.2.2 Vant Hoff Concept (Q10 Coefficient) -- 4.2.3 The Concept of Thermal Units -- 4.2.4 Daily Thermoperiodicity Concept -- 4.2.5 Seasonal Thermoperiodicity Concept -- 4.3 Heat Stress Impact on the Egyptian Agriculture Sector -- 4.4 Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Heat Stress -- 4.5 Critical Periods of Crop Plants to Heat Stress -- 4.6 Nature of Resistance to Heat Stress -- 4.6.1 Heat Avoidance -- 4.6.2 Heat Tolerance (Thermotolerance) -- 4.7 Classification of Crop Plants According to Temperature -- 4.7.1 Cold Season Crops -- 4.7.2 Hot Season Crops. , 4.8 Is It Possible to Mitigate Extreme Heat Stress on Crop Plants? How Crop Plants Can Deal with Heat Stress? -- 4.8.1 Traits Relevant to Heat Stress Tolerance -- 4.8.2 Breeding Achievements -- 4.9 Biotechnology -- 4.9.1 Molecular Markers -- 4.9.2 Gene Transfer and Tissue Culture Technology -- 4.10 Agronomic Practices -- 4.10.1 Sowing Date -- 4.10.2 Fertigation -- 4.10.3 Intercropping -- 4.11 Conclusions -- 4.12 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Environmental Pollution Tolerance in Crop Plants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Source of Pollutants -- 5.2.1 Natural Resources -- 5.2.2 An Unnatural Source -- 5.3 Tolerance to Air Pollutants -- 5.4 Tolerance to Heavy Metals Pollutants -- 5.5 Damage Mechanisms of Heavy Metals and Effects on Crop Plants -- 5.6 Water Pollution -- 5.7 Stress-Sensing in Plants -- 5.8 Resistance Mechanisms of Crop Pants to Environmental Pollutants -- 5.9 Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characters Related to Environmental Pollutants Tolerance -- 5.9.1 Morphological Characters -- 5.9.2 Physiological Characters -- 5.9.3 Biochemical Characters -- 5.10 Genetic System and Nature of Gene Action Controlling Inheritance of Environmental Pollutants Tolerance -- 5.11 Role of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology in the Development of Cultivars Tolerant to Environmental Pollutants -- 5.11.1 Breeding Methods -- 5.11.2 Biotechnology -- 5.12 Procedures for Pollution Control -- 5.12.1 Air Pollutants -- 5.12.2 Heavy Metals -- 5.13 Conclusions -- 5.14 Recommendations -- References -- 6 Rapid Screening Wheat Genotypes for Tolerance to Heavy Metals -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Influence of Heavy Metals on Germination -- 6.3.2 Influence of Heavy Metals on Root Characteristics -- 6.3.3 Influence of Heavy Metals on Shoot Characteristics -- 6.3.4 Phytotoxicity Index -- 6.3.5 Tolerance Index -- 6.4 Conclusions. , 6.5 Recommendation -- References -- 7 Performance, Adaptability and Stability of Promising Bread Wheat Lines Across Different Environments -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Materials and Methods -- 7.2.1 Plant Materials and Experimental Layout -- 7.2.2 Statistical Analysis -- 7.3 Results and Discussion -- 7.3.1 Analysis of Variance -- 7.3.2 Mean Performance of Wheat Genotypes Under Different Environments -- 7.3.3 Tolerance Index (TOL) -- 7.3.4 Phenotypic Stability Analysis -- 7.3.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Method (AMMI) -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 7.5 Recommendations -- References -- 8 Effect of Salt Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of African Locust Bean {Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.} Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Plant Material -- 8.2.2 Establishment of Cell Suspension Culture Under Salt Stress Conditions -- 8.2.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Ions Uptake of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.2.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Proline Content of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.2.5 Electrophoretic Analysis: (Biochemical Markers) -- 8.2.6 Chemical Analysis -- 8.2.7 Statistical Analysis -- 8.3 Results and Discussions -- 8.3.1 Establishment of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture Under Salt Stress Conditions (NaCl) -- 8.3.2 Effect of Different Concentrations of NaCl on Ions Uptake (Na+, K+, Ca2+, P3+ and N3+) of P. biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.3.3 Effect of Different Concentration of NaCl on Proline Content of Parkia biglobosa Cell Suspension Culture -- 8.3.4 Electrophoretic Analysis -- 8.3.5 Chemical Analysis -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 8.5 Recommendations -- 8.6 Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIIRecent Approaches for Biotic Stress Tolerance -- 9 Varietal Differences and Their Relation to Brown Rot Disease Resistance in Potato. , 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Survey the Causal Organism of Potato Brown Rot Disease Ralstonia solanacearum in Weeds -- 9.3 Isolation of R. solanacearum from Different Potato, Weeds and Irrigation Water -- 9.4 Identification of R. solanacearum -- 9.4.1 Traditional Methods -- 9.4.2 Molecular Biology Techniques -- 9.4.3 Pathogenicity Test -- 9.5 Varietal Differences in Relation to Brown Rot Disease Resistance -- 9.6 Effect of Plant Extracts on R. solanacearum Growth in Vitro -- 9.7 Conclusions -- 9.8 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Effect of Soil Type and Crop Rotation on the Causal Agent of Potato Brown Rot Disease Under Egyptian Condition -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Effect of Soil Type on Potato Brown Rot Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum -- 10.3 Effect of Soil PH on Persistence of Potato Brown Rot Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum -- 10.4 Effect of Crop Rotation on Potato Brown Rot Disease -- 10.5 Influence the Persistence of Ralstonia solanacearum by Different Plant Species and Habitats -- 10.6 Conclusions -- 10.7 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Advanced Methods in Controlling Late Blight Disease in Potatoes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Backgrounds Economic -- 11.3 The Late Blight Disease -- 11.4 The Pathogen -- 11.5 Diagnose the Disease -- 11.5.1 Traditional Methods -- 11.5.2 DNA Markers -- 11.5.3 Diagnosis Remotely -- 11.5.4 Bioinformatics -- 11.6 Control Methods -- 11.6.1 Chemical Methods -- 11.6.2 Resistant Cultivars -- 11.6.3 Alternatives of Fungicides -- 11.7 Conclusions -- 11.8 Recommendations -- References -- 12 Developing Rust Resistance of Wheat Genotypes Under Egyptian Conditions -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Types of Wheat Rusts -- 12.3 Economic Importance -- 12.3.1 Losses in Yield and Grain Quality -- 12.4 Race Analyses -- 12.4.1 Yellow Rust -- 12.4.2 Leaf Rust -- 12.4.3 Stem Rust -- 12.5 Genetic Variability. , 12.6 Genetic System and Genes Responsible Resistance.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Introduction to "Sustainable Agriculture in Egypt: Climate Change Mitigation" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.1.1 Concept of Sustainability -- 1.1.2 Concept of Vulnerability -- 1.1.3 Concept of Adaptation -- 1.1.4 Concept of Stability -- 1.2 Purpose of the Book -- 1.3 Scope of the Book -- 1.4 Themes of the Book and Contribution of the Chapters -- References -- Part II Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Crop Production and the Physiological and Biochemical Basis for Crops Tolerance -- 2 Climate Change and Its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Critical Periods of Crop Plants to Environmental Stress -- 2.3 Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Crop Production -- 2.4 Impact of Climate Change on Interrelationships Among Yield Traits of Field Crops -- 2.4.1 Wheat -- 2.4.2 Rice -- 2.4.3 Faba Bean -- 2.4.4 Sesame -- 2.4.5 Sunflower -- 2.4.6 Cotton -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 2.6 Recommendations -- References -- 3 Foundations of Crop Tolerance to Climate Change: Plant Traits Relevant to Stress Tolerance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Plant Traits Relevant to Environmental Stress Tolerance -- 3.2.1 Rapid Growth and Early Maturity -- 3.2.2 Morphological Traits -- 3.2.3 Physiological Traits -- 3.2.4 Biochemical and Molecular Base -- 3.3 Conclusions -- 3.4 Recommendations -- References -- Part III Improve Crop Adaptability and Stability to Climate Change and Modern Technology -- 4 Approaches in Wheat to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climate Change -- 4.3 Performance of Wheat Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 4.3.1 Earliness Characteristics -- 4.3.2 Morpho-physiological Characters -- 4.3.3 Yield and Its Components -- 4.3.4 Protein Content. , 4.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability in Relation to Environmental Changes -- 4.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction -- 4.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Wheat Traits Related to Environmental Stress -- 4.7 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Wheat to Environmental Stress? -- 4.7.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 4.8 Role of Recent Approaches -- 4.8.1 Biotechnology -- 4.8.2 Nano Technology -- 4.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Wheat -- 4.10 Conclusions -- 4.11 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Approaches in Rice to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climate Change -- 5.3 Performance of Rice Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 5.3.1 Earliness and Photoperiod Characteristics -- 5.3.2 Yield and Its Components -- 5.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability in Relation to Environmental Changes -- 5.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction -- 5.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Rice Traits Related to Environmental Stress -- 5.7 Role of Recent Approaches? -- 5.7.1 Biotechnology -- 5.7.2 Nano Technology -- 5.8 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Rice to Environmental Stress -- 5.8.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 5.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Rice -- 5.10 Conclusions -- 5.11 Recommendations -- References -- 6 Approaches in Faba Bean to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climatic Change on Faba Bean Production -- 6.3 Performance of Faba Bean Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 6.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability -- 6.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction. , 6.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Faba Bean Traits Related to Environmental Stress Tolerance -- 6.7 Role of Recent Approaches -- 6.7.1 Biotechnology -- 6.7.2 Nano Technology -- 6.8 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Faba Bean Genotypes to Environmental Stress? -- 6.8.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 6.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Faba Bean -- 6.10 Conclusions -- 6.11 Recommendations -- References -- 7 Approaches in Sesame to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climatic Change on Sesame Production -- 7.3 Performance of Sesame Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 7.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability -- 7.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction -- 7.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Sesame Traits Related to Environmental Stress Tolerance -- 7.7 Role of Recent Approaches? -- 7.7.1 Biotechnology -- 7.7.2 Nano Technology -- 7.8 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Sesame Genotypes to Environmental Stress -- 7.8.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 7.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Sesame -- 7.10 Conclusions -- 7.11 Recommendations -- References -- 8 Approaches in Sunflower to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climatic Change on Sunflower Production -- 8.3 Performance of Sunflower Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 8.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability -- 8.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction -- 8.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Sunflower -- 8.7 Role of Recent Approaches? -- 8.7.1 Biotechnology -- 8.7.2 Nano Technology -- 8.8 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Sunflower Genotypes to Environmental Stress. , 8.8.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 8.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Sunflower -- 8.10 Conclusions -- 8.11 Recommendations -- References -- Part IV Conclusions and Recommendations -- 9 Approaches in Cotton to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relation to Climatic Change on Cotton Traits -- 9.3 Performance of Cotton Genotypes in Response to Environmental Changes -- 9.4 Adaptability and Yield Stability -- 9.5 Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction -- 9.6 Gene Action, Genetic Behavior and Heritability for Cotton Traits Related to Environmental Stress Tolerance -- 9.7 Role of Recent Approaches? -- 9.7.1 Biotechnology -- 9.7.2 Nano-Technology -- 9.8 How Can Measure Sensitivity of Cotton Genotypes to Environmental Stress -- 9.8.1 Stress Sensitivity Measurements -- 9.9 Agricultural Practices to Mitigate Environmental Stress on Cotton -- 9.10 Conclusions -- 9.11 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations of "Sustainable Agriculture in Egypt: Climate Change Mitigation" -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Update -- 10.3 Conclusions -- 10.3.1 Climate Change and Its Impact on Crop Production -- 10.3.2 Foundations of Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stress and Plant Traits Relevant to Stress Tolerance -- 10.3.3 Improve Crop Adaptability and Stability to Climate Change and Modern Technology -- 10.4 Recommendations -- 10.4.1 Climate Change and Its Impact on Crop Production -- 10.4.2 Foundations of Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stress and Plant Traits Relevant to Stress Tolerance -- 10.4.3 Improve Crop Adaptability and Stability to Climate Change and Modern Technology -- References.